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Johannite

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Blue Lizard Mine (Markey Mine), Red Canyon, White Canyon District, San Juan Co., Utah, USA
© Brent Thorne

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Formula:
Cu(UO
 
2
)
 
2
[OH|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
System:TriclinicColour:Emerald-green, ...
Hardness:2 - 2½
Name:
After Archduke Johann (1782-1859) of Austria, founder of the Styrian Landesmuseum, Graz.
This page provides mineralogical data about Johannite.

Classification of Johannite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/D.21-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.EB.05

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
E : Uranyl sulfates
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:31.8.2.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.8.12

25 : Sulphates
8 : Sulphates of Sb, V, Cr and U
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Type Occurrence of Johannite

Type Locality:Elias Mine, Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal), Ostrov, Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge), Karlovy Vary Region, Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Czech Republic
Year of Discovery:1830

Physical Properties of Johannite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Emerald-green, apple-green
Streak:Pale green
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 2½
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {100} good.
Density (measured):3.32 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.27 g/cm3

Crystallography of Johannite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:a = 16.54Å, b = 18.02Å, c = 6.84Å
α = 90°, β = 90.63°, γ = 110.62°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.918 : 1 : 0.38
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,907.93 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals prismatic [001] and thick tabular {100}. Subparallel or drusy aggregates; coatings; small spheroidal aggregates of lath-like fibers.
Twinning:Twin axis [001], composition plane {010} or close to it. Both simple and lamellar, common.

Optical Data of Johannite

Type:Biaxial (+/-)
RI values: nα = 1.572 - 1.577 nβ = 1.592 - 1.597 nγ = 1.612 - 1.616
2V:Measured: 90° , Calculated: 86° to 88°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.040

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:relatively strong
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X = Colourless
Y = Light yellow
Z = Greenish or canary-yellow

Chemical Properties of Johannite

Formula:
Cu(UO
 
2
)
 
2
[OH|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Cu, H, O, S, U
All elements listed in formula:Cu, H, O, S, U

Relationship of Johannite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.EB.10Deliensite
Fe
2+
 
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.8.1Klebelsbergite
Sb
 
4
[O
 
4
|(OH)
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
25.8.2Coquandite
Sb
 
6
[O
 
8
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
25.8.3Peretaite
Ca(SbO)
 
4
[(OH)|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
25.8.4Cannonite
Bi
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
25.8.5Minasragrite
(V
4+
 
O)[SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
25.8.6Stanleyite
(V
4+
 
O)[SO
 
4
] · 6H
 
2
O
25.8.7Redingtonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
25.8.8Meta-uranopilite
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
25.8.9Uranopilite
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 12H
 
2
O
25.8.10Natrozippeite
Na
 
4
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
[(OH)
 
10
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.8.11Zippeite
K
 
4
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
[(OH)
 
10
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.8.13Magnesiozippeite
Mg(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
·1.5H
 
2
O
25.8.14Zinczippeite
Zn
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
10
·16H
 
2
O

Other Names for Johannite

Synonyms:
Uranvitriol
Other Languages:
French:Sulfate vert d'urane
German:Johannit
Russian:Иоганнит
Spanish:Johannita
Varieties:
Gilpinite

Other Information

Other Information:Decomposed by water. Soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Johannite

Reference List:John (1821) Chem. Unters.: 5: 254 (as Uranvitriol).

Haidinger (1830) Edinburgh Jounral of Science: 4: 306 (as Johannit).

Haidinger (1830) Abhl. Böhm. Ges. Prague (as Johannit).

Goldschmidt, V. (1918) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 4: 216.

Larsen, E.S. and Berman (1926) American Mineralogist: 11: 1.

Doelter, C. (1927) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4 [2]: 648.

Nováček (1935) Soc. sc. Bohême, Mém., no. 7, Cl. 2.

Peacock (1935) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 90: 112.

Hurlbut (1950) American Mineralogist: 35: 531.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 606-607.

American Mineralogist (1983): 68: 851.

Čejka, J., Urbanec, Z., Čejka, J., Jr., and Mrázek, Z. (1988) Contribution to the thermal analysis and crystal chemistry of johannite Cu[(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2].8H2O. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen (1988): 159: 297-309.

Burns, P.C. (2005) U 6+ minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1839-1894.

Mereiter, K. (1982) Die Kristallstruktur des Johannites, Cu(UO2)2(OH)2(SO4)2·8H2O. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 30: 47-57.

Ondruš, P., Veselovský, F., Skála, R., Císařová, I., Hloušek, J., Frýda, J., Vavřín, I., Čejka, J., and Gabašová, A. (1997) New naturally occurring phases of secondary origin from Jáchymov (Joachimstal). Journal of the Czech Geological Society: 42: 7-107.

Ondruš, P., Veselovský, F., Gabašová, A., Hloušek, J., and Šrein, V. (2003) Supplement to secondary and rock-forming minerals of the Jachymov ore district. Journal of the Czech Geological Society: 48: 149-155.

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    Localities for Johannite

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