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Rustenburgite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Rustenburgite (3)

Search Photos of Rustenburgite

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Rustenburgite, etc.

Mayak Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Rustenburgite

Ruighoek Mine, Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex, Moses Kotane Local Municipality, Bojanala Platinum District Municipality, North West, South Africa

Rustenburgite, etc.

Mayak Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Rustenburgite, etc.

Mayak Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Rustenburgite

Ruighoek Mine, Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex, Moses Kotane Local Municipality, Bojanala Platinum District Municipality, North West, South Africa

Rustenburgite, etc.

Mayak Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Rustenburgite, etc.

Mayak Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Rustenburgite

Ruighoek Mine, Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex, Moses Kotane Local Municipality, Bojanala Platinum District Municipality, North West, South Africa

Hide all sections | Show all sections

About RustenburgiteHide

Formula:

(Pt,Pd)₃Sn

Colour:

White with a yellow tint

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

15.08 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Isometric

Name:

Named after its discovery locality, the Rustenburg Mine, Rustenburg District, Western Bushveld Complex, Northwest Province, South Africa.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Rustenburg Town & Townlands Farm, Rustenburg, Rustenburg Local Municipality, Bojanala Platinum District Municipality, North West, South Africa

This page provides mineralogical data about Rustenburgite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3479

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3479:7

GUID
(UUID V4):

260376dc-cc9e-484e-a01f-fe8d2652131b

IMA Classification of RustenburgiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pt₃Sn

First published:

1975

Type description reference:

Mihálik, P., Hiemstra, S.A., De Villiers, J.P.R. (1975) Rustenburgite and atokite, two new platinum-group minerals from the Merensky Reef, Bushveld igneous complex. The Canadian Mineralogist: 13: 146-150.

Classification of RustenburgiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

1.AG.10

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
G : PGE-metal alloys

Dana 7th ed.:

1.2.7.1

Dana 8th ed.:

1.2.5.2

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
2 : Platinum Group Metals and Alloys

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.73

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Rsb	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Rsb	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of RustenburgiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

White with a yellow tint

Hardness:

5 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₂₅=365 kg/mm² - Vickers

Density:

15.08 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of RustenburgiteHide

Anisotropism:

Slight, due to strain.

Bireflectance:

slight

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
480nm	56.2%
546nm	59.8%
589nm	60.4%
656nm	61.6%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 61.6%.

Colour in reflected light:

light cream

Chemistry of RustenburgiteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Pt,Pd)₃Sn

Elements listed:

Pd, Pt, Sn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of RustenburgiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Setting:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 3.991 Å

Unit Cell V:

63.57 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Possibly Pm3m

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0005110	Rustenburgite	Mihalik P, Hiemstra S A, de Villiers J P R (1975) Rustenburgite and atokite, two new platinum-group minerals from the Merensky Reef, Bushveld igneous complex The Canadian Mineralogist 13 146-150		1975	the Rustenburg and Atok Platinum Mines in the Bushveld Igneous complex, South Africa	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Rustenburgite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Mihalik P'
'Hiemstra S A'
'de Villiers J P R'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 13 
_journal_year 1975
_journal_page_first 146
_journal_page_last 150
_publ_section_title
;
 Rustenburgite and atokite, two new platinum-group minerals from the
 Merensky Reef, Bushveld igneous complex
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005110
_chemical_compound_source 'the Rustenburg and Atok Platinum Mines in the Bushveld Igneous complex, South Africa'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pt.398 Pd.486 Sn.217'
_cell_length_a 3.991
_cell_length_b 3.991
_cell_length_c 3.991
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 63.569
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     16.208
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F m 3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
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  'z,-x,y'
  'z,1/2-x,1/2+y'
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  '-y,z,-x'
  '-y,1/2+z,1/2-x'
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  '-x,y,-z'
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  'x,-z,-y'
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  '-z,y,x'
  '-z,1/2+y,1/2+x'
  '1/2-z,y,1/2+x'
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  '-x,z,y'
  '-x,1/2+z,1/2+y'
  '1/2-x,z,1/2+y'
  '1/2-x,1/2+z,y'
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  '-y,x,z'
  '-y,1/2+x,1/2+z'
  '1/2-y,x,1/2+z'
  '1/2-y,1/2+x,z'
  'x,z,y'
  'x,1/2+z,1/2+y'
  '1/2+x,z,1/2+y'
  '1/2+x,1/2+z,y'
  '-z,-y,-x'
  '-z,1/2-y,1/2-x'
  '1/2-z,-y,1/2-x'
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  'y,x,z'
  'y,1/2+x,1/2+z'
  '1/2+y,x,1/2+z'
  '1/2+y,1/2+x,z'
  '-x,-z,-y'
  '-x,1/2-z,1/2-y'
  '1/2-x,-z,1/2-y'
  '1/2-x,1/2-z,-y'
  'z,y,x'
  'z,1/2+y,1/2+x'
  '1/2+z,y,1/2+x'
  '1/2+z,1/2+y,x'
  '-y,-x,-z'
  '-y,1/2-x,1/2-z'
  '1/2-y,-x,1/2-z'
  '1/2-y,1/2-x,-z'
  'z,x,-y'
  'z,1/2+x,1/2-y'
  '1/2+z,x,1/2-y'
  '1/2+z,1/2+x,-y'
  '-y,-z,x'
  '-y,1/2-z,1/2+x'
  '1/2-y,-z,1/2+x'
  '1/2-y,1/2-z,x'
  'x,y,-z'
  'x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-z,-x,y'
  '-z,1/2-x,1/2+y'
  '1/2-z,-x,1/2+y'
  '1/2-z,1/2-x,y'
  'y,z,-x'
  'y,1/2+z,1/2-x'
  '1/2+y,z,1/2-x'
  '1/2+y,1/2+z,-x'
  '-x,-y,z'
  '-x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,z'
  '-z,x,y'
  '-z,1/2+x,1/2+y'
  '1/2-z,x,1/2+y'
  '1/2-z,1/2+x,y'
  'y,-z,-x'
  'y,1/2-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2+y,-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2+y,1/2-z,-x'
  '-x,y,z'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,z'
  'z,-x,-y'
  'z,1/2-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2+z,-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2+z,1/2-x,-y'
  '-y,z,x'
  '-y,1/2+z,1/2+x'
  '1/2-y,z,1/2+x'
  '1/2-y,1/2+z,x'
  'x,-y,-z'
  'x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z'
  '-x,z,-y'
  '-x,1/2+z,1/2-y'
  '1/2-x,z,1/2-y'
  '1/2-x,1/2+z,-y'
  'z,-y,x'
  'z,1/2-y,1/2+x'
  '1/2+z,-y,1/2+x'
  '1/2+z,1/2-y,x'
  '-y,x,-z'
  '-y,1/2+x,1/2-z'
  '1/2-y,x,1/2-z'
  '1/2-y,1/2+x,-z'
  'x,-z,y'
  'x,1/2-z,1/2+y'
  '1/2+x,-z,1/2+y'
  '1/2+x,1/2-z,y'
  '-z,y,-x'
  '-z,1/2+y,1/2-x'
  '1/2-z,y,1/2-x'
  '1/2-z,1/2+y,-x'
  'y,-x,z'
  'y,1/2-x,1/2+z'
  '1/2+y,-x,1/2+z'
  '1/2+y,1/2-x,z'
  '-x,-z,y'
  '-x,1/2-z,1/2+y'
  '1/2-x,-z,1/2+y'
  '1/2-x,1/2-z,y'
  'z,y,-x'
  'z,1/2+y,1/2-x'
  '1/2+z,y,1/2-x'
  '1/2+z,1/2+y,-x'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '-y,1/2-x,1/2+z'
  '1/2-y,-x,1/2+z'
  '1/2-y,1/2-x,z'
  'x,z,-y'
  'x,1/2+z,1/2-y'
  '1/2+x,z,1/2-y'
  '1/2+x,1/2+z,-y'
  '-z,-y,x'
  '-z,1/2-y,1/2+x'
  '1/2-z,-y,1/2+x'
  '1/2-z,1/2-y,x'
  'y,x,-z'
  'y,1/2+x,1/2-z'
  '1/2+y,x,1/2-z'
  '1/2+y,1/2+x,-z'
  '-z,-x,-y'
  '-z,1/2-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2-z,-x,1/2-y'
  '1/2-z,1/2-x,-y'
  'y,z,x'
  'y,1/2+z,1/2+x'
  '1/2+y,z,1/2+x'
  '1/2+y,1/2+z,x'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
  'z,x,y'
  'z,1/2+x,1/2+y'
  '1/2+z,x,1/2+y'
  '1/2+z,1/2+x,y'
  '-y,-z,-x'
  '-y,1/2-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2-y,-z,1/2-x'
  '1/2-y,1/2-z,-x'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Pt   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.39800
Pd   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.48600
Sn   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.21700

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.295 Å	(100)
1.202 Å	(100)
1.408 Å	(90)
0.9153 Å	(90)
0.8145 Å	(90)
1.992 Å	(80)
0.8922 Å	(80)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Type Occurrence of RustenburgiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Rustenburg Town & Townlands Farm, Rustenburg, Rustenburg Local Municipality, Bojanala Platinum District Municipality, North West, South Africa

General Appearance of Type Material:

small grains

Reference:

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/CM13_146.pdf

Synonyms of RustenburgiteHide

IMA1974-040

Other Language Names for RustenburgiteHide

German:Rustenburgit

Russian:Рустенбургит

Simplified Chinese:方锡铂矿
等轴锡铂矿

Spanish:Rustenburgita

Traditional Chinese:方錫鉑礦

Varieties of RustenburgiteHide

Copper-bearing Rustenburgite

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

4 photos of Rustenburgite associated with Tetraferroplatinum	PtFe
4 photos of Rustenburgite associated with Atokite	(Pd,Pt)₃Sn
3 photos of Rustenburgite associated with Taimyrite	(Pd,Cu,Pt)₃Sn
2 photos of Rustenburgite associated with Gold	Au
2 photos of Rustenburgite associated with Sperrylite	PtAs₂
1 photo of Rustenburgite associated with Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
1 photo of Rustenburgite associated with Palarstanide	Pd₅(Sn,As)₂
1 photo of Rustenburgite associated with Plumbopalladinite	Pd₃Pb₂
1 photo of Rustenburgite associated with Polarite	Pd(Bi,Pb)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

1.AG.	Michitoshiite-(Cu)	Rh(Cu_1-xGe_x)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.	Palladothallite	Pd₃Tl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
1.AG.	Sluzhenikinite	Pd₁₅(Sb_7-xSn_x)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
1.AG.	Driekopite	PtBi	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.	Sidorovite	Fe₃Pt	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.05	Hexaferrum	(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.05	Garutiite	(Ni,Fe,Ir)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.10	Atokite	(Pd,Pt)₃Sn	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.10	Zvyagintsevite	Pd₃Pb	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3n
1.AG.15	Taimyrite	(Pd,Cu,Pt)₃Sn	Orth.
1.AG.15	Tatyanaite	(Pt,Pd,Cu)₉Cu₃Sn₄	Orth.
1.AG.20	Paolovite	Pd₂Sn	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
1.AG.25	Plumbopalladinite	Pd₃Pb₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
1.AG.25	Stannopalladinite	(Pd,Cu)₃Sn	Orth.
1.AG.30	Cabriite	Pd₂CuSn	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
1.AG.35	Chengdeite	Ir₃Fe	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
1.AG.35	Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
1.AG.40	Ferronickelplatinum	Pt₂FeNi	Tet.
1.AG.40	Tetraferroplatinum	PtFe	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.40	Tulameenite	Pt₂CuFe	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.45	Hongshiite	PtCu	Trig.
1.AG.45	Skaergaardite	PdCu	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.50	Yixunite	Pt₃In	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
1.AG.55	Damiaoite	PtIn₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.60	Niggliite	PtSn	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.65	Bortnikovite	Pd₄Cu₃Zn	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.70	Nielsenite	PdCu₃	Tet. 4mm : P4mm
1.AG.75	Norilskite	(Pd,Ag)_2xPb (x = 0.08 - 0.11)	Trig. 3 2 : P3₁ 2 1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RustenburgiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3479.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Look for Rustenburgite in the Rock H. Currier Digital Library

External Links:

Look for Rustenburgite on Webmineral

Look for Rustenburgite on Wikipedia

Look for Rustenburgite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for RustenburgiteHide

Reference List:

Junge, M., Goldmann, S., Wotruba, H. (2023): Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of detrital platinum-group minerals and gold particles from the Elbe, Germany. European Journal of Mineralogy, 35, 439–459.

forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=18788&sid=141a85641a65a1992d0e185f9f4058b9

Fleischer, Michael, Chao, George Y., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1976) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 61 (3-4) 338-341 p.340

Mitchell, Roger H., Welch, Mark D., Chakhmouradian, Anton R. (2017) Nomenclature of the perovskite supergroup: A hierarchical system of classification based on crystal structure and composition. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (3) 411-461 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.156

(2023) Rustenburgite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for RustenburgiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Algeria
In Salah Province In Salah District Foggaret Ezzaouia ⓘ Acfer 217 meteorite	Schulze (1998)

Brazil
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Luanga Cr-Pt-Pd deposit	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)

Canada
Ontario Kenora District Ring of Fire BMA527861 Area ⓘ Black Label deposit	Musa Karkus (2010)
Thunder Bay District Coldwell complex ⓘ Marathon deposit	Ames et al. (2017)
ⓘ W horizon	Good et al. (2017)
Seeley Lake Area ⓘ Area 41 deposit	Good et al. (2017)

China
Yunnan Dali Midu County ⓘ Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu deposit (Jingbaoshan Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu deposit)	Min Liu (2002) +1 other reference

Finland
Lapland Enontekiö ⓘ Miessijoki River	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
Inari Ivalojoki ⓘ Palsinoja	Kari Kojonen (2012)
ⓘ Sotajoki River	Kojonen et al. (2014)
Sodankylä Kevitsansarvi (Keivitsansarvi) ⓘ Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE mine	Mutanen (1997)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Ain Bourg-en-Bresse Jayat ⓘ Jayat quarry	Ducluzaux (2022)

India
Karnataka Davanagere District Shimoga schist belt ⓘ Hanumalapur Complex	Alapieti et al. (2005)

Kenya
Laikipia County ⓘ Rumuruti meteorite	Schulze (1998)

Mauritania
Adrar Region Atar ⓘ Guelb el Azib	Berger et al. (2013)

Pacific Ocean
Mid-Pacific Rise ⓘ 19N 175W	Rudashevskii et al. (2001) +1 other reference

Russia
Buryatia Severo-Baykalsky District Dovyren Highlands ⓘ Yoko-Dovyrensky Massif	Konnikov et al. (2000) +1 other reference
ⓘ Main Reef	Kislov +1 other reference
Khabarovsk Krai Ayan-Maya district ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Shcheka G.G. et al. (2004)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula Putoran Plateau ⓘ Noril'sk	Econ Geol (1986) +2 other references
ⓘ Maslovsky deposit	Can Mineral December 2011 vol. 49 no. ...
Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit ⓘ Mayak Mine	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine	Pekov (1998) +2 other references
ⓘ Kharaelakh lode	2014 Ultramafic-mafic intrusions
ⓘ Southern-2 orebody	Kalugin et al. (2021)
Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District Kureika river Dzheltul'skii massif (Dzhaltul) ⓘ Dzhaltul Mount	Shvedov et al. (2015)
Murmansk Oblast Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex) Eastern Pana block ⓘ East Chuarvy	Hålenius et al. (2018)
ⓘ Fedorova Tundra block	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ Kievey deposit	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ North Kamennik deposit	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ Northern PGE reef	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
Republic of Karelia ⓘ Burakovskii Layered Complex	Grokhovskaya et al. (2005)
ⓘ Shalozerskoe (Kuk Ruchei) deposit	Grishaenko et al. (2007)
Loukhsky District Oulanka plutonic complex Olanga River (Oulanka River) ⓘ Lukkulaisvaara ultrabasic Massif (Lukkulaisvaara pluton; Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion)	A. Yu. Barkov et al. +1 other reference
ⓘ Nadezhda PGM deposit	Barkov et al. (2001)

South Africa
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Municipality Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality Burgersfort ⓘ Mooihoek Farm 255 KT	Rudashevsky et al. (1992)
Sekhukhuneland ⓘ Driekop mine	Melcher et al. (2007)
ⓘ Lesego project	Montjoie (2018)
Steelpoort ⓘ Onverwacht Mine	Rudashevsky et al. (1992)
Waterberg District Municipality Mogalakwena Local Municipality Mogalakwena ⓘ Mokopane	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Akanani prospects	Van der Merwe (2011)
ⓘ Overysel deposit	Holwell et al. (2007)
ⓘ Sandsloot mine	Armitage et al. (2002) +2 other references
ⓘ Zwartfontein	Frits van der Merwe (2012)
Thabazimbi Local Municipality Thabazimbi ⓘ Amandelbult Platinum Mines	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Northam Platinum mine	Roberts
ⓘ Thabazimbi Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality ⓘ Merensky Reef	Mike Scott S102375 from Cureton #FJ ID ... +1 other reference
Rustenburg Local Municipality Rustenburg ⓘ Impala Platinum mines	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Rustenburg Town & Townlands Farm (TL)	Zaccarini +2 other references

Tanzania
Kigoma Region ⓘ Kapalagulu Intrusion	Wilhelmij et al. (2016)

USA
Montana ⓘ Stillwater Complex	Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986)
Stillwater County ⓘ Stillwater Mine	Gobla (2012)

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland West Chegutu District ⓘ Hartley Mine	Liu et al. (2014)
Midlands Gweru District ⓘ Somabula	Oberthür et al. (2002)
Zvishavane District ⓘ Umtshingwe River	Oberthür et al. (2013)

Rustenburgite

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