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Schindlerite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Schindlerite (9)

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Schindlerite

Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

Schindlerite

Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

Schindlerite

Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

Schindlerite

Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

Schindlerite

Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

Schindlerite

Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

Schindlerite

Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

Schindlerite

Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

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About SchindleriteHide

Formula:

{(NH₄)₄Na₂(H₂O)₁₀}{V₁₀O₂₈}

Colour:

Orange

Lustre:

Sub-Adamantine

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

2.461 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Name:

Named in honor of Dr. Michael Schindler (b. 1966, Frankfurt, Germany), professor at Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada. He has worked extensively on the structures of vanadium minerals.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

New structure type. Chemically similar to rakovanite. Also compare rowleyite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

43584

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:43584:0

GUID
(UUID V4):

2f6c0e9a-6743-4c00-8af3-898810b6c814

IMA Classification of SchindleriteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

First published:

2013

Approval history:

Originally approved as a hydronium mineral (IMA 2012–063), later redefined as an ammonium-bearing decavanadate mineral (Proposal IMA 15-G).

Type description reference:

Kampf, A. R., Hughes, J. M., Marty, J., Nash, B. (2013) Wernerbaurite, {[Ca(H₂O)₇]₂(H₂O)₂(H₃O)₂}{V₁₀O₂₈}, and schindlerite, {[Na₂(H₂O)₁₀](H₃O)₄}{V₁₀O₂₈}, the first hydronium-bearing decavanadate minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (2) 297-312 doi:10.3749/canmin.51.2.297

Classification of SchindleriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.HC.60

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
C : [6]-Sorovanadates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Shi	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SchindleriteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Adamantine

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Orange

Streak:

Yellow

Hardness:

2 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
{010}

Density:

2.461 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SchindleriteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.740 n_β = 1.790(5) n_γ = 1.875

2V:

Measured: 78° (1)

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.135

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Very High

Dispersion:

r > v, very strong

Optical Extinction:

X ∧ b = 25°; Y ∧ c = 12°; Z ∧ a = 3°.

Pleochroism:

Not Visible

Comments:

α- estimated, γ - calculated
Minerals reacted with RI fluids

Chemistry of SchindleriteHide

Mindat Formula:

{(NH₄)₄Na₂(H₂O)₁₀}{V₁₀O₂₈}

Elements listed:

H, N, Na, O, V - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SchindleriteHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.5143(3) Å, b = 10.4283(5) Å, c = 11.2827(8) Å
α = 68.595(5)°, β = 87.253(6)°, γ = 67.112(5)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.816 : 1 : 1.082

Unit Cell V:

854.08 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Tabular on {011} and often occur in stacked parallel intergrowths. Forms observed include {100}, {010}, {001}, {110}, {011}, {111}, and {111}.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0019899	Schindlerite	Kampf A R, Hughes J M, Marty J, Nash B (2013) Wernerbaurite, {[Ca(H2O)7]2(H2O)2(H3O)2}{V10O28}, and schindlerite, {[Na2(H2O)10](H3O)4}{V10O28}, the first hydronium-bearing decavanadate minerals The Canadian Mineralogist 51 297-312		2013	St. Jude mine, San Miguel County, Colorado, U.S.A.	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Schindlerite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Kampf A R'
'Hughes J M'
'Marty J'
'Nash B'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 51 
_journal_year 2013
_journal_page_first 297
_journal_page_last 312
_publ_section_title
;
 Wernerbaurite, {[Ca(H2O)7]2(H2O)2(H3O)2}{V10O28}, and schindlerite,
 {[Na2(H2O)10](H3O)4}{V10O28}, the first hydronium-bearing decavanadate minerals
;
_database_code_amcsd 0019899
_chemical_compound_source 'St. Jude mine, San Miguel County, Colorado, U.S.A.'
_chemical_formula_sum 'V5 (Na.79 K.18 Ca.02 Sr.01) O21 H16'
_cell_length_a 8.5143
_cell_length_b 10.4283
_cell_length_c 11.2827
_cell_angle_alpha 68.595
_cell_angle_beta 87.253
_cell_angle_gamma 67.112
_cell_volume 854.077
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.464
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
V1   0.37680   0.78287   0.49749   1.00000   0.02084
V2   0.69006   0.50277   0.48023   1.00000   0.01792
V3   0.17151   0.78389   0.27788   1.00000   0.02334
V4   0.52664   0.49551   0.73981   1.00000   0.02051
V5   0.52942   0.79132   0.23773   1.00000   0.02263
Na   0.93135   0.66757   0.87252   0.79000   0.03470
K   0.93135   0.66757   0.87252   0.18000   0.03470
Ca   0.93135   0.66757   0.87252   0.02000   0.03470
Sr   0.93135   0.66757   0.87252   0.01000   0.03470
O1   0.43270   0.62430   0.39448   1.00000   0.01870
O2   0.60310   0.62020   0.58407   1.00000   0.02020
O3   0.31620   0.61530   0.61469   1.00000   0.02050
O4   0.48290   0.86910   0.36730   1.00000   0.02270
O5   0.73870   0.63310   0.35970   1.00000   0.02240
O6   0.17040   0.86420   0.40160   1.00000   0.02450
O7   0.29830   0.88050   0.17760   1.00000   0.02470
O8   0.43880   0.35860   0.82799   1.00000   0.02300
O9   0.87430   0.37890   0.57420   1.00000   0.02260
O10   0.74920   0.36550   0.79312   1.00000   0.02320
O11   0.61030   0.89630   0.13900   1.00000   0.03240
O12   0.34200   0.88210   0.58460   1.00000   0.02930
O13   0.97830   0.88180   0.20960   1.00000   0.03290
O14   0.49220   0.59730   0.82510   1.00000   0.02880
OW1   0.97850   0.51050   0.75910   1.00000   0.05120
H1A   1.06900   0.46700   0.72400   1.00000   0.06100
H1B   0.90800   0.46200   0.76500   1.00000   0.06100
OW2   0.03020   0.81840   0.70380   1.00000   0.05090
H2A   0.98800   0.91600   0.66100   1.00000   0.06100
H2B   1.12800   0.77200   0.67900   1.00000   0.06100
OW3   0.20840   0.48520   0.98670   1.00000   0.03690
H3A   1.27900   0.48000   1.04700   1.00000   0.04400
H3B   1.28200   0.44100   0.93900   1.00000   0.04400
OW4   0.65650   0.81780   0.75180   1.00000   0.04890
H4A   0.58900   0.78600   0.72400   1.00000   0.05900
H4B   0.62400   0.91500   0.71200   1.00000   0.05900
OW5   0.93090   0.82820   0.97370   1.00000   0.04450
H5A   0.92700   0.80100   1.05490   1.00000   0.05300
H5B   0.85600   0.92100   0.93000   1.00000   0.05300
OW6   0.82080   0.79060   0.50980   1.00000   0.02080
H6A   0.76700   0.88640   0.46700   1.00000   0.02500
H6B   0.78300   0.73600   0.50000   1.00000   0.02500
H6C   0.90500   0.77100   0.55800   1.00000   0.02500
OW7   0.28420   0.82390   0.92960   1.00000   0.05940
H7A   1.33000   0.78000   1.01400   1.00000   0.07100
H7B   1.35200   0.76000   0.89200   1.00000   0.07100
H7C   1.17800   0.82400   0.92800   1.00000   0.07100

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
10.51 Å	(94)
8.68 Å	(100)
7.70 Å	(86)
6.73 Å	(61)
3.815 Å	(24)
2.993 Å	(50)
2.787 Å	(24)
2.131 Å	(29)

Comments:

From Type Description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins	<0.4
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals

Type Occurrence of SchindleriteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Saint Jude Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Tabular on {011} and often occur in stacked parallel intergrowths. Individual crystals are up to 0.3 mm in maximum dimension.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA, catalogue numbers 64005, 64006 and 64007.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Oxidation of montroseite-corvusite assemblages in a moist environment.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Kampf, A.R., Hughes, J.M., Marty, J., Nash, B. (2013) Wernerbaurite {[Ca(H2O)7]2(H2O)2(H3O)2}{V10O28}, and schindlerite, {[Na2(H2O)10](H3O)4}{V10O28}, the first hydronium-bearing decavanadate minerals. Canadian Mineralogist: 51: 297-312.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/CM51_297.pdf

Synonyms of SchindleriteHide

IMA2012-063

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Schindlerite associated with Corvusite	(Na,K,Ca,Mg)₂(V⁵⁺,V⁴⁺,Fe²⁺)₈O₂₀ · 6-10H₂O
3 photos of Schindlerite associated with Montroseite	(V³⁺,Fe³⁺)O(OH)
1 photo of Schindlerite associated with Wernerbaurite	{(NH₄)₂[Ca₂(H₂O)₁₄](H₂O)₂}{V₁₀O₂₈}
1 photo of Schindlerite associated with Sandstone
1 photo of Schindlerite associated with Petrified Wood

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.HC.	Beckettite	Ca₂V₆Al₆O₂₀	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.	Ammoniolasalite	(NH₄)₂Mg₂(H₂O)₂₀] [V₁₀O₂₈]	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.HC.	Protocaseyite	[Al₄(OH)₆(H₂O)₁₂][V₁₀O₂₈] · 8H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.05	Pascoite	Ca₂Ca(V₁₀O₂₈) · 17H₂O	Mon. 2 : B2
4.HC.05	Lasalite	Na₂Mg₂(V₁₀O₂₈) · 20H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.HC.05	Magnesiopascoite	Ca₂Mg(V₁₀O₂₈) · 16H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.HC.05	Rakovanite	(NH₄)₃Na₃(V₁₀O₂₈) · 12H₂O	Mon. 2/m
4.HC.05	Hughesite	Na₃Al(V₁₀O₂₈) · 22H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.05	Hydropascoite	Ca₃(V₁₀O₂₈) · 24H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.10	Hummerite	K₂Mg₂(V₁₀O₂₈) · 16H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.15	Sherwoodite	Ca_5.5(AlV⁴⁺V⁵⁺₁₂O₃₉) · 28H₂O	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.HC.20	Bluestreakite	K₄Mg₂(V⁴⁺₂V⁵⁺₈O₂₈) · 14H₂O	Mon. 2/m
4.HC.25	Wernerbaurite	{(NH₄)₂[Ca₂(H₂O)₁₄](H₂O)₂}{V₁₀O₂₈}	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.25	Burroite	Ca₂(NH₄)₂(V₁₀O₂₈) · 15H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.30	Caseyite	[(V⁵⁺O₂)Al_10-x(OH)_20-2x(H₂O)_18-2x]₂[H₂V⁴⁺V⁵⁺₉O₂₈][V⁵⁺₁₀O₂₈]₂(Na,K,Ca)_2-y(SO₄)_2-z · (60+8x+y+4z)H₂O (x = 0-2.5; y = 0-2; z = 0-2)	Mon.
4.HC.35	Gunterite	Na₄Ca(V₁₀O₂₈) · 20H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.HC.40	Kokinosite	Na₂Ca₂(V₁₀O₂₈) · 24H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.45	Nashite	Na₃Ca₂[(V⁵⁺₉V⁴⁺)O₂₈] · 24H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.HC.50	Okieite	Mg₃[V₁₀O₂₈] · 28H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
4.HC.55	Postite	Mg(H₂O)₆Al₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₈(V₁₀O₂₈) · 13H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn

Other InformationHide

IR Spectrum:

none

Notes:

Dissolves instantly in cold, dilute HCl and slowly in water

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SchindleriteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-43584.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for SchindleriteHide

Reference List:

Kampf, Anthony R., Hughes, John M., Nash, Barbara P., Marty, Joe, Cooper, Mark A., Hawthorne, Frank C., Karpenko, Vladimir Y., Pautov, Leonid A., Agakhanov, Atali A. (2016) Revision of the formulae of wernerbaurite and schindlerite: ammonium- rather than hydronium-bearing decavanadate minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 54 (3) 555-558 doi:10.3749/canmin.1500081

(2023) Schindlerite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for SchindleriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


USA
Colorado San Miguel County Slick Rock Mining District ⓘ Burro Mine	Kampf et al. (2019)
ⓘ Saint Jude Mine (TL)	Kampf et al. (2013)

Schindlerite

About SchindleriteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of SchindleriteHide

Classification of SchindleriteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of SchindleriteHide

Optical Data of SchindleriteHide

Chemistry of SchindleriteHide

Crystallography of SchindleriteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of SchindleriteHide

Synonyms of SchindleriteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for SchindleriteHide

References for SchindleriteHide

Localities for SchindleriteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide