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Pyramid Hill Sand Member grit zone, Kern County, California, USA

Lat/Long (Decimal)	35.4928,-118.848
Co-ordinates Derivation	based on nearby landmark
Given Location	California, United States
Mindat.org Region (for given coordinates)	Kern County, California, USA

Collections

Collection	Reference	Stratigraphic Name	Comments	Lithology	Age
Pyramid Hill Sand Member grit zone	Mitchell E., Tedford R. H. (1973)	Jewett - Pyramid Hill	grit zone; age assignments vary; age for this collection originally listed as Chattian after Scheirer and Magoon, 2007 and Barboza et al., 2017; but Aquitanian after discussion in Shimada et al. 2014	sandstone	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Yoldia cooperii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Yoldiidae : Yoldia : *Yoldia cooperii*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Gadidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Gadiformes : Gadidae	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Embiotocidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Embiotocidae	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Sciaenidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Sciaenidae	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Scorpaenidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Perciformes : Scorpaenidae	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Bothidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Pleuronectiformes : Bothidae	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Pleuronectidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Pleuronectiformes : Pleuronectidae	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Plotopterum joaquinensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Plotopteridae : Plotopterum : *Plotopterum joaquinensis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Carcharhinus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : *Carcharhinus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Galeocerdo sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : *Galeocerdo*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Negaprion sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : *Negaprion*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Sphyrna sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Sphyrnidae : *Sphyrna*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Galeorhinus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Triakidae : *Galeorhinus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Echinorhinus blakei species	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Echinorhiniformes : Echinorhinidae : Echinorhinus : *Echinorhinus blakei*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Heterodontus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Heterodontiformes : Heterodontidae : *Heterodontus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Hexanchus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Hexanchiformes : Hexanchidae : *Hexanchus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Cetorhinus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Cetorhinidae : *Cetorhinus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Isurus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : *Isurus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Megachasma applegatei species	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Megachasmidae : Megachasma : *Megachasma applegatei*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Odontaspis ferox species	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Odontaspis : *Odontaspis ferox*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens species	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Otodontidae : Otodus : *Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Myliobatis sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Myliobatiformes : Myliobatidae : *Myliobatis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Alopias sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Alopiidae : *Alopias*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Alopias latidens species	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Alopiidae : Alopias : *Alopias latidens*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Alopias vulpinus species	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Alopiidae : Alopias : *Alopias vulpinus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Cosmopolitodus hastalis species	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Carcharodontidae : Cosmopolitodus : *Cosmopolitodus hastalis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Zapteryx sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Rajiformes : Rhinobatidae : *Zapteryx*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Scyliorhinus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Selachii : Scyllidae : *Scyliorhinus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Squalus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Plagiostomi : Squalidae : *Squalus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Squatina lerichei species	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Squatiniformes : Squatinidae : Squatina : *Squatina lerichei*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Desmathyus sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : *Desmathyus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Enaliarctidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Enaliarctidae	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Enaliarctos mealsi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Enaliarctos : *Enaliarctos mealsi*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Pinnarctidion bishopi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Pinnarctidion : *Pinnarctidion bishopi*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Pinnipedia unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Pinnipedia	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Eurhinodelphidae : Argyrocetus : *Acrodelphis bakersfieldensis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Argyrocetus joaquinensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Argyrocetus : *Argyrocetus joaquinensis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Squalodontidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Squalodontidae	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Anchitherium sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Anchitherium*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Crocodylia order	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Chelonia sp. genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : *Chelonia*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Psephophorus calvertensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Dermochelyidae : Psephophorus : *Psephophorus calvertensis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Bivalvia class	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Arca montereyana species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : *Arca montereyana*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Glycymeris sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : *Glycymeris*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : *Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Trachycardium (Trachycardium) vaquerosensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Trachycardium : *Trachycardium (Trachycardium) vaquerosensis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Tellina sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : *Tellina*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Tellina (Olcesia) ocoyana species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : *Tellina (Olcesia) ocoyana*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Phacoides sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Phacoides*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Crenomytilus mathewsoni species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : *Crenomytilus mathewsoni*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Mytilus sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : *Mytilus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Pycnodonte (Crenostrea) eldridgei species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Pycnodonte : *Pycnodonte (Crenostrea) eldridgei*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Crassostrea titan species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Crassostrea : *Crassostrea titan*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Pinna sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pinnidae : *Pinna*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Aequipecten andersoni species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Aequipecten : *Aequipecten andersoni*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Nodipecten estrellanus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Nodipecten : *Nodipecten estrellanus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Pecten sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Pecten*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Homomya sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : *Homomya*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Solen sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Solenidae : *Solen*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Cyrena (Corbicula) dumblei species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Corbiculidae : Corbicula : *Cyrena (Corbicula) dumblei*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Mactromeris albaria species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactromeris : *Mactromeris albaria*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Chionopsis : *Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Clementia (Egesta) pertenuis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Clementia : *Clementia (Egesta) pertenuis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Cytherea sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Cytherea*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Dosinia sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Dosinia*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Dosinia : *Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Tivela (Pachydesma) inezana species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Tivela : *Tivela (Pachydesma) inezana*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Gastropoda class	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Agasoma sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : *Agasoma*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Conus sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : *Conus*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Purpura lima species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Purpura : *Purpura lima*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Crepidula princeps species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Crepidula : *Crepidula princeps*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae : Opalia : *Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Natica sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : *Natica*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Polinices (Neverita) reclusianus callosa subspecies	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Neverita : *Polinices (Neverita) reclusianus callosa*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Scaphopoda class	Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Dentalium sp. genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Dentaliida : Dentaliidae : *Dentalium*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic

References

Anderson F. M. (1911) The Neocene deposits of Kern River, California, and the Temblor Basin, Proceedings of the Califonia Academy of Sciences 3, 73-148

Wilson L. E. (1935) Miocene marine mammals from the Bakersfield region, California, The Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 4, 1-143

Howard H. (1969) A new avian fossil from Kern County, California, The Condor 71 1, 68-69

Mitchell E., Tedford R. H. (1973) The Enaliarctinae: A new group of extinct aquatic carnivora and a consideration of the origin of the otariidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 151 3, 203-284

Barnes L. G. (1979) Fossil enaliarctine pinnpeds (Mammalia: Otariidae) from Pyramid Hill, Kern County, California), Contributions in Science of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 318, 1-41

Coan E. V., Scott P. V., et al (2000) Bivalve seashells of western North America, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2, 1-764

Moore E. J. (2002) Tertiary marine pelecypods of California and Baja California: Crassatellidae through Pharidae, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1228 F, 1-107

Shimada K., Welton B. J., et al (2014) A new fossil megamouth shark (Lamniformes, Megachasmidae) from the Oligocene-Miocene of the western United States, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 2, 281-290 doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.803975

Barboza M. M., Parham J. F., et al (2017) The age of the Oso Member, Capistrano Formation, and a review of fossil crocodylians from California, PaleoBios 34, 1-16

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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