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Frondelite

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Foote Lithium Co. Mine (Foote Mine), Kings Mountain District, Cleveland Co., North Carolina, USA
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Frondelite Photos (16)
Formula:
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Dark brown, ...
Hardness:4½
Name:Named after Clifford Frondel, American mineralogist, Professor of Mineralogy, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.


Rockbridgeite Group. Frondelite-Rockbridgeite Series.
The Mn2+-analogue of rockbridgeite and plimerite.

A secondary mineral resulting from the alteration of primary phosphates in complex granitic pegmatites.

Classification of Frondelite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.10-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BC.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 1:1 and < 2:1
Dana 8th edition ID:41.9.2.2

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.12.15

19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Frondelite

Type Locality:Sapucaia Mine, Sapucaia do Norte, Galiléia, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Southeast Region, Brazil
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA - #100808.

National Museum of Natural Histriy, Washington, D.C., USA - #105946.
Year of Discovery:1949
Associated Minerals at type locality:
VivianiteTriphylitePurpuritePhosphosideriteLeucophosphite
HeterositeCyrilovite

Occurrences of Frondelite

Geological Setting:Granitic pegmatites.

Physical Properties of Frondelite

Lustre:Vitreous, Dull
Colour:Dark brown, ocher-yellow, red-brown, orange, greenish brown
Comment:Colour zoning lengthwise common, manifests as concentric banding in radial aggregates.
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Very Good
On {100}, excellent; on {010}, good; on {001}, fair.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):3.453 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.35 g/cm3

Crystallography of Frondelite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):2 2 2 - Disphenoidal
Cell Parameters:a = 13.81Å, b = 16.96Å, c = 5.18Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.814 : 1 : 0.305
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,213.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Euhedral crystals rare. Crystals exhibit {100}, {010}, {110}, and {101}. Typically fibrous, elongated along [001]; radiating, in crusts, botryoidal and drusy masses.

Optical Data of Frondelite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.860 nβ = 1.880 nγ = 1.893
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.033

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = Light yellow-brown
Y = Orange-brown
Z = Orange-brown

Chemical Properties of Frondelite

Formula:
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
Essential elements:Fe, H, Mn, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, Mn, O, P

Relationship of Frondelite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Rockbridgeite (see here)
Related to:
  • Rockbridgeite Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    8.BC.05Angelellite
    Fe
    3+
    4
    		[O
     
    3
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BC.10Rockbridgeite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    8.BC.10Plimerite
    ZnFe
    3+
    4
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		(OH)
     
    5
    8.BC.15Aerugite
    Ni
     
    8.5
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		As
    5+
     
    		O
     
    8
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    19.12.1Metaswitzerite
    Mn
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.2Bermanite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		(H
     
    2
    		O)
     
    4
    		[Mn
    3+
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    19.12.3Natrophilite
    NaMn
    2+
     
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
    19.12.4Sidorenkite
    Na
     
    3
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		[PO
     
    4
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
    19.12.5Niahite
    (NH
     
    4
    		)(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)[PO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.6Robertsite
    Ca
     
    3
    		Mn
    3+
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.7Pararobertsite
    Ca
     
    2
    		Mn
    3+
    3
    		[O
     
    2
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.8Sinkankasite
    H
     
    2
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		Al[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.9Mangangordonite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Al
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.10Heterosite
    (Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    3+
     
    		)[PO
     
    4
    		]
    19.12.11Purpurite
    (Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[PO
     
    4
    		]
    19.12.12Wolfeite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
    19.12.13Triploidite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
    19.12.14Lipscombite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.12.16Rockbridgeite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    19.12.17Kryzhanovskite
    MnFe
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.18Landesite
    Mn
    2+
    3-x
    		Fe
    3+
    x
    		[(OH)
     
    x
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · (3-x)H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.19Phosphoferrite
    (Fe,Mn)
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.20Reddingite
    (Mn,Fe)
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.21Earlshannonite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.22Hureaulite
    (Mn,Fe)
     
    5
    		H
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.23Switzerite
    (Mn,Fe)
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.24Laueite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.25Pseudolaueite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.26Strunzite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.27Stewartite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.28Alluaudite
    (Na,Ca)Mn
    2+
     
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    19.12.29Ferroalluaudite
    (Na,Ca)Fe
    2+
     
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    19.12.30Fillowite
    {Mn
    2+
     
    		}{Na
     
    8
    		}{Ca
     
    4
    		Na
     
    4
    		}{(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    43
    		}[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    36
    19.12.31Johnsomervilleite
    {Ca}{Na
     
    6
    		[ ]
     
    2
    		}{Ca
     
    6
    		Na
     
    2
    		}{(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    43
    		}[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    36
    19.12.32Wicksite
    NaCa
     
    2
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		MgFe
    3+
     
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    6
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.33Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)
    {KNa}{Mn
    2+
     
    		[ ]}{Ca}{Na
     
    3
    		}{Mn
    2+
    13
    		}{Al}[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    12
    		]
    19.12.34Sarcopside
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    3
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.12.35Ludlamite
    (Fe,Mn,Mg)
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.36Graftonite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)
     
    3
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.12.37Wilhelmvierlingite
    CaMnFe
    3+
     
    		[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.38Fairfieldite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.39Beusite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Ca,Mg)
     
    3
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.12.40Messelite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.41Jahnsite-(CaMnFe)
    CaMn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    2+
    2
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.42Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)
    CaMn
    2+
     
    		Mn
    2+
    2
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.43Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)
    CaMn
    2+
     
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.44Keckite
    (Ca,Mg)(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Zn)
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    3
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.45Stanfieldite
    Ca
     
    7
    		Ca
     
    2
    		Mg
     
    9
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    12
    19.12.46Laubmannite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)
     
    3
    		Fe
    3+
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    4
    19.12.47Zodacite
    Ca
     
    4
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 12H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.48Hagendorfite
    NaCaMn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    2+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    19.12.49Maghagendorfite
    NaMn(Mg,Fe,Fe)
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    19.12.50Varulite
    NaCaMn
    2+
     
    		Mn
    2+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    19.12.51Griphite
    Na
     
    4
    		Li
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    6
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    19
    		Al
     
    8
    		[(F,OH)|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
     
    8
    19.12.52Attakolite
    (Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		,PO
     
    4
    		)|(HPO
     
    4
    		,PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    19.12.53Arrojadite-(KFe)
    {KNa}{Fe
    2+
     
    		[ ]}{Ca}{Na
     
    2
    		[ ]}{Fe
    2+
    13
    		}{Al}[(OH)
     
    2
    		|HPO
     
    4
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    11
    		]
    19.12.54Lun'okite
    (Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		OH·4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.55Eosphorite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)Al[(OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.56Ernstite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)Al[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.57Childrenite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Al[(OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.58Bobfergusonite
    Na
     
    2
    		Mn
     
    5
    		FeAl(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    6
    19.12.59Qingheiite
    NaMn
    3+
     
    		Mg(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    19.12.60Whiteite-(CaFeMg)
    Ca(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Mg
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.61Whiteite-(CaMnMg)
    CaMn
    2+
     
    		Mg
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.62Whiteite-(MnFeMg)
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Mg
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.63Rittmannite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)Mn
    2+
     
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.64Zanazziite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mg,Fe)(Mg,Fe,Al)
     
    4
    		Be
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    6
    		] · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    19.12.65Samuelsonite
    (Ca,Ba)Ca
     
    8
    		Fe
    2+
    2
    		Mn
    2+
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    10
    		]

    Other Names for Frondelite

    Other Languages:
    German:Frondelit
    Spanish:Frondelita

    Other Information

    Other Information:Soluble in HCl but not in HNO3 or H2SO4.
    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Frondelite

    Reference List:Lindberg (1949) Frondelite and the frondelite-rockbridgeite series. American Mineralogist: 34: 541-549.

    Lindberg, M.L. (1960) Crystal habit of frondelite, Sapucaia pegmatite mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil. U.S.G.S. Professional Paper 400B: 429–430.

    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 867-869.

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    Localities for Frondelite

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    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • Northeast Region
      • Paraíba
        • Borborema mineral province
          • Frei Martinho
    		[MinRec 22:183]
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Divino das Laranjeiras
            • Linópolis
    		Cassedanne, J.P. (1983): Famous mineral localities: The Córrego Frio mine and vicinity, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 14 (4): 227-237
    [MinRec 14:234]
    [MinRec 14:235]
    Cassedanne, J.P. (1983): Famous mineral localities: The Córrego Frio mine and vicinity, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 14 (4): 227-237 [ p.233-4]
          • Galiléia
    		Krister collection
            • Sapucaia do Norte
    		AmMin 89:1087
    American Mineralogist (1949): 34: 541-549; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 868; Mineralogical Record: 30: 347.
          • Mendes Pimentel
    		Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.
        • Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province
          • Araçuaí Pegmatite District
            • Itinga
              • Taquaral
                • Laranjeira
    		Cassedanne, J.P. & J.O. (1980): A find of crystallized Rose Quartz in Minas Gerais. Mineralogical Record 11: 377-379
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
          • Krásno
    		Petr Pauliš (2000): Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, Kuttna, Kutná Hora; Sejkora, J., Škoda, R., Ondruš, P., Beran, P. & Susser, C. (2006): Mineralogy of phosphate accumulations in the Huber stock, Krásno ore district, Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 103-147.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Domažlice (Taus)
          • Otov
    		Čech F., Staněk J., Dávidová Š. (1981): Minerály pegmatitů. - in: Bernard J.H. [ed.]: Mineralogie Československa. Academia, Praha.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.
    Finland
     
    • Etelä-Suomen Lääni
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		No reference listed
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Zwiesel
            • Rabenstein
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Auerbach
          • Nitzlbuch (Nitzelbuch)
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Pleystein
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Usakos
    		Keller, P. (1974): Phosphatmineralien aus Pegmatiten Sudwestafrikas, Der Aufschluss 25,577-591(1974)
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Gouveia
        • Folgosinho
      • Sabugal
    		Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Ponte da Barca
    		Self-find by Nuno Afonso; optical and XRD analysed.
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
      • Kiruna district
        • Svappavaara
    		No reference listed
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Austell District
          • Luxulyan Area (Luxulian Area)
            • Hensbarrow Downs
              • Stenalees
    		Elton, N. J. (1998): Barbosalite, frondelite and other phosphates from Gunheath China Clay Pit, St Austell, Cornwall, England. Journal of the Russell Society 7, 15-18.
    USA
     
    • California
      • San Diego Co.
        • Jacumba District
          • Mt. Tule
    		Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 868; Korbel & Novak (1999) Min. Encylopaedia, p.163.
    Am. Min. 50 (1965), 713-717
    Whitmore & Lawrence, 2004. The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo, p. 96.
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
      • Gaston Co.
        • Bessemer City
    		No reference listed
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    Mineralogical Record: 17: 237-254; Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Hill City District
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Rocks & Minerals: 67(6): 380-388.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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