Kainosite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Kainosite-(Y)
Formula:
Ca2(Y,Ce)2(Si4O12)(CO3) · H2O
Colour:
Colorless, white, straw-yellow, yellow-brown, chestnut-brown, may be tipped with rose or pink
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.52
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named kainosite by Nordenskiöld (1886) from the Greek καινος, 'uncommon', in allusion to its unusual chemical composition. The suffix/modifier was added in 1987, according to the Levinson rule for minerals with essential REE, indicating predominant yttrium.
This page provides mineralogical data about Kainosite-(Y).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2133
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2133:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
af0d56a6-6eb8-4ad3-9f1e-b26ef1a16de6
IMA Classification of Kainosite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Ca2Y2(SiO3)4(CO3) · H2O
First published:
1886
Classification of Kainosite-(Y)
9.CF.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
F : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
F : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
60.2.1.1
60 : CYCLOSILICATES Four-Membered Rings
2 : Four-Membered Rings with other anion groups
60 : CYCLOSILICATES Four-Membered Rings
2 : Four-Membered Rings with other anion groups
17.4.10
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Kno-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kainosite-(Y)
Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, white, straw-yellow, yellow-brown, chestnut-brown, may be tipped with rose or pink
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
good on {110}
good on {110}
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.52 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.542 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kainosite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.662 - 1.665 nβ = 1.682 - 1.689 nγ = 1.687 - 1.692
2V:
Measured: 40° , Calculated: 38° to 52°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.025 - 0.027
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
strong
Optical Extinction:
Parallel. X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Chemistry of Kainosite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
Ca2(Y,Ce)2(Si4O12)(CO3) · H2O
Crystallography of Kainosite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.05 Å, b = 14.33 Å, c = 6.77 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.911 : 1 : 0.472
Unit Cell V:
1,266.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals short, equant, to slender, prismatic and sheafike aggregates of crystals.
Comment:
Space Group: Pmnb:
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012442 | Kainosite-(Y) | Volodina G F, Rumanova I M, Belov N V (1963) Crystal structure of kaynozite Ca2(Y,Tr)2[Si4O12]CO3*H2O Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 149 173-175 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0014836 | Kainosite-(Y) | Giuseppetti G, Tadini C, Oddone M (1989) Cenosite-(Y) from Baveno, Novara (Italy): crystal structure Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1989 153-164 | 1989 | Baveno, Novara, Italy | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.52 Å | (100) |
| 2.764 Å | (100) |
| 3.29 Å | (80) |
| 3.19 Å | (75) |
| 3.45 Å | (70) |
| 2.170 Å | (70) |
| 1.929 Å | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Kainosite-(Y)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical-Geological Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, number 21977.
Reference:
Nordenskiöld, A.E. (1886): Mineralogiska bidrag. Kainosit, et nytt mineral från Hitterö i Norge. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 8, 143-146
Synonyms of Kainosite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Kainosite-(Y)
German:Cenosit
Kainosit
Kainosit-(Y)
Kainosit
Kainosit-(Y)
Russian:Кайнозит-(Y)
Simplified Chinese:碳硅钇钙石
Traditional Chinese:碳矽釔鈣石
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 34 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 15 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 9 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Chlorite Group | |
| 8 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 7 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| 6 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 6 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 5 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Yttrofluorite | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
| 5 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 5 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.CF. | Bobmeyerite | Pb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3 |
| 9.CF.05 | Ashburtonite | Pb4Cu4(Si4O12)(HCO3)4(OH)3Cl · H2O |
| 9.CF.15 | Clinophosinaite | Na12(Ca,Sr)4(Si4O12)(PO4)4 |
| 9.CF.15 | Phosinaite-(Ce) | Na13Ca2(Ce,La,Th,Nd,Pr)(Si4O12)(PO4)4 |
| 9.CF.20 | Strakhovite | NaBa3Mn2+2Mn3+2Si6O19(OH)3 |
| 9.CF.25 | Cerchiaraite-(Mn) | Ba4Mn3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4] |
| 9.CF.25 | Cerchiaraite-(Al) | Ba4Al4O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl |
| 9.CF.25 | Cerchiaraite-(Fe) | Ba4Fe3+4O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl |
Other Information
Notes:
Effervesces slowly in cold dilute HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kainosite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2133.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Kainosite-(Y)
Localities for Kainosite-(Y)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola | |
| Beleque (2010) |
Austria | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy (http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/kainositey.pdf) |
| Preite (2012) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
Canada | |
| 162-165. +1 other reference |
| G. Pouliot et al. (1964) |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern ... |
| Am. Min. (1930) | |
| George Robinson 1990 |
| Louise Corriveau (Date Modified: 2008-12-08) |
| 166-175. +2 other references |
| Hogarth et al. (1974) |
| Birkett et al. (1992) +3 other references | |
China | |
| Denghong Wang et al. (2000) |
Finland | |
| Reijo Alviola analytical data |
France | |
| De Ascencao Guedes R. et al. (2003) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Joachim Gröbner (EDS-analysis) |
| Desor (2017) |
| Desor +1 other reference | |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Lapis 2004 number 7/8 pp. 37-51 | |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) |
| Finello et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Finello et al. (2007) +2 other references | |
| Campostrini et al. (2023) | |
| Probed EDX-PXRD M.E. Ciriotti - G. Blass |
| Private Collection +1 other reference |
| Grill (1935) |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) | |
| 'Apatite' - Monazite- (Ce) |
| Gamboni et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Gamboni (2003) |
| Stara P. (1990) |
| Folie et al. (2004) |
| Ferretti et al. (2015) |
Japan | |
| Yamada (2004) +1 other reference |
| Tsuruta et al. (2005) |
Malawi | |
| Lapis 29 (1) |
Mongolia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| P. Kartashov et al. (2002) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Kovalenko et al. (2004) | |
| Kempe et al. (2015) |
Norway | |
| Husdal (2009) |
| Husdal (2009) | |
| Nordenskiöld (1886) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Bjørlykke (1960) |
| Husdal (2023) |
| Sverdrup (1968) |
| Husdal (2020) | |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Husdal (2023) | |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Husdal (2011) | |
| Husdal (2008) | |
| Husdal (2019) |
| Husdal (2008) | |
| Grauch et al. (1994) |
| Raade et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Raade et al. (1993) | |
| Knut Eldjarn Collection |
| Raade (1971) +1 other reference | |
| Larsen (1993) |
| Berge (1993) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Osipov et al. (2021) |
| Burlakov (1995) |
| Burlakov (1999) | |
| Moralev et al. (2005) |
| Lyalina et al. (2014) |
| Voloshin A.V. et al. (1986) |
| Zozulya et al. (2022) | |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| Ковальчук et al. (2014) |
| Garcia-Guinea et al. (2005) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 70 (4) | |
| Tanago et al. (2012) | |
| Calvo et al. (2009) |
Sweden | |
| |
| Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum) |
| Otter (2003) |
| Sjögren (1897) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Handbook of Mineralogy (http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/kainositey.pdf) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| S Wolfsried collection |
| |
| Graeser S. (2005) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (2012) |
UK | |
| |
| S. Rust collection +1 other reference |
| Green et al. (2005) |
| Green et al. (2005) +1 other reference | |
| Green et al. (2005) +1 other reference | |
Ukraine | |
| ДУБИНА et al. (2014) |
USA | |
| Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) |
| Hanson et al. (2013) |
| AmMin 47:328 |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Grant Martin's Collection |
| Rocks & Min. 70:247 |
| Am Min (1964) +1 other reference |
| Handbook of Mineralogy (http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/kainositey.pdf) | |
| King (2000) |
| USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| gsa.confex.com (2008) |
| [Mineralogical Record 31:420] |
| K. Wood collection |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Markus B. Raschke et al. (2016) |
| Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8 +2 other references |
Quick NavTopAbout Kainosite-(Y)Unique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Hopffeldgraben, Hopffeld area, Neukirchen am Großvenediger, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria