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Astrophyllite

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Big Photo

Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire), Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
© 11/12 DM

Show Astrophyllite Photos (187)



Formula:
(K,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH)
 
7
System:TriclinicColour:Bronze-yellow, golden ...
Lustre:Greasy, Pearly, Sub-MetallicHardness:3
Member of:Astrophyllite Group
Name:From the Greek άστρον ("astron") for "star" and φύλλον ("phyllon") for "leaf", in allusion to its habit of starburst-like sprays and micaceous cleavage.


Astrophyllite Group.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Astrophyllite. Currently in public beta-test.

Classification of Astrophyllite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/G.12-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DC.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
C : Inosilicates with branched 2-periodic single chains; Si2O6 + 2SiO3 Si4O12
Dana 8th edition ID:69.1.1.1

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
1 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with (P=2, and N=4, 2 branches)
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.9.29

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti
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Type Occurrence of Astrophyllite

Type Locality:Låven (Skådön; Lamö; Lamanskjaer), Langesundsfjorden, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Mineralogische Sammlung der TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Year of Discovery:1844
Geological Setting of type material:Nepheline-syenite pegmatite

Occurrences of Astrophyllite

Geological Setting:Nepheline syenites and alkali granites.

Physical Properties of Astrophyllite

Lustre:Greasy, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Bronze-yellow, golden yellow, brown to reddish brown.
Streak:Golden
Hardness (Mohs):3
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {001}
Poor on {100}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):3.2 - 3.4 g/cm3

Crystallography of Astrophyllite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:a = 11.76Å, b = 5.36Å, c = 21.08Å
α = 90°, β = 94°, γ = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.194 : 1 : 3.933
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,325.51 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:tabular, bladed, acicular
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Astrophyllite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.680 nβ = 1.700 nγ = 1.730
2V:Measured: 70° to 90°, Calculated: 80°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.050

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:none
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X= deep red-orange
Y= orange-yellow
Z= lemon-yellow

Chemical Properties of Astrophyllite

Formula:
(K,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH)
 
7
Essential elements:Fe, K, O, Si, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, K, Mn, Na, O, Si, Ti
Common Impurities:Nb,Ta,Zr,Al,Mg,Ca

Relationship of Astrophyllite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Kupletskite (see here)
Member of:Astrophyllite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Hydroastrophyllite
(H
 
3
O,K,Ca)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
5-65
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH)
 
31
Kupletskite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
4
F
Kupletskite-(Cs)
(Cs,K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
Magnesioastrophyllite
(Na,K)
 
4
Mg
 
2
(Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
5
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
Nalivkinite
Li
 
2
Na(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
4
F
Niobokupletskite
K
 
2
Na(Mn,Zn,Fe)
 
7
(Nb,Zr,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
4
(O,F)
Niobophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH,F)
 
31
Sveinbergeite
Ca(Fe
2+
6
Fe
3+
 
)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
5
(H
 
2
O)
 
4
Tarbagataite
(K□)Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mn)
 
7
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
5
Zircophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
Common Associates:
Tritomite-(Ce)ThoriteMicroclineLeucophaniteCatapleiite
BiotiteAnniteAmphibole SupergroupAegirine
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DC.05Hydroastrophyllite
(H
 
3
O,K,Ca)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
5-65
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH)
 
31
9.DC.05Kupletskite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
4
F
9.DC.05Magnesioastrophyllite
(Na,K)
 
4
Mg
 
2
(Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
5
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
9.DC.05Niobophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH,F)
 
31
9.DC.05Zircophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
9.DC.05Kupletskite-(Cs)
(Cs,K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
9.DC.05Niobokupletskite
K
 
2
Na(Mn,Zn,Fe)
 
7
(Nb,Zr,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
4
(O,F)
9.DC.05Nalivkinite
Li
 
2
Na(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
4
F
9.DC.05Sveinbergeite
Ca(Fe
2+
6
Fe
3+
 
)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
5
(H
 
2
O)
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.9.1Natisite
Na
 
2
Ti(SiO
 
4
)O
14.9.2Lorenzenite
Na
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)O
 
3
14.9.3Lintisite
LiNa
 
3
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
 
2
O
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.9.4Davanite
K
 
2
TiSi
 
6
O
 
15
14.9.5Kazakovite
Na
 
6
Mn
2+
 
Ti(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)
14.9.6Titanite
CaTi(SiO
 
4
)O
14.9.7Ohmilite
Sr
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)(O,OH) · 2-3H
 
2
O
14.9.8Lamprophyllite
(Sr,K,Ba)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O(O,OH,F)
14.9.9Benitoite
BaTi(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
14.9.10Batisite
BaNaNaTi
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)O
 
2
14.9.11Fresnoite
Ba
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
14.9.12Joaquinite-(Ce)
NaBa
 
2
Ce
 
2
FeTi
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F) · H
 
2
O
14.9.13Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
NaBa
 
2
Ce
 
2
FeTi
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(O,OH) · H
 
2
O
14.9.14Strontiojoaquinite
Sr
 
2
Ba
 
2
(Na,Fe)
 
2
Ti
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(O,OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
14.9.15Bario-orthojoaquinite
(Ba,Sr)
 
4
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
14.9.16Strontio-orthojoaquinite
(Na,Fe)
 
2
Sr
 
2
Ba
 
2
Ti
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(O,OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
14.9.17Bafertisite
Ba(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(O,OH)
 
2
14.9.18Hejtmanite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH,F)
14.9.19Delindeite
(Na,K)
 
2
(Ba,Ca)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.9.20Barytolamprophyllite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O(OH,F)
14.9.21Trimounsite-(Y)
Y
 
2
Ti
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
5
14.9.22Perrierite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
14.9.23Chevkinite
(Ca,Ce,Th)
 
4
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
22
14.9.24Strontiochevkinite
(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
14.9.25Tisinalite
Na
 
3
H
 
3
(Mn,Ca,Fe)TiSi
 
6
(O,OH)
 
18
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.9.26Neptunite
Na
 
2
KLi(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
8
O
 
24
)
14.9.27Manganoneptunite
Na
 
2
KLi(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti
 
2
[Si
 
8
O
 
24
]
14.9.28Kupletskite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
4
F
14.9.30Hydroastrophyllite
(H
 
3
O,K,Ca)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
5-65
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH)
 
31
14.9.31Magnesioastrophyllite
(Na,K)
 
4
Mg
 
2
(Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
5
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
14.9.32Baratovite
KCa
 
7
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Li
 
3
Si
 
12
O
 
36
F
 
2
14.9.34Aenigmatite
Na
 
2
Fe
2+
5
Ti(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)O
 
2
14.9.35Schorlomite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
14.9.36Tinaksite
K
 
2
Na(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
7
O
 
18
(OH)]
14.9.37Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
14.9.38Koashvite
Na
 
6
(Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)Si
 
6
O
 
18
 · H
 
2
O

Other Names for Astrophyllite

Synonyms:
AastrophylliteAsterophylliteAstrofillite
Other Languages:
German:Aastrophyllit
Asterophyllit
Astrophengit
Astrophyllit
Japanese:星葉石
Russian:Астрофиллит
Spanish:Aastrophyllita
Asterophyllita
Astrophyllita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Astrophyllite

Reference List:

- +
Weibye, P.C. (1848): Beiträge zur topographischen Mineralogie Norwegens. Archiv für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Hüttenkunde. 22, 673-678

Scheerer, T. (1854): Verhandlungen des bergmännischen Vereins zu Freiberg, Berg- und hüttenmännische Zeitung. 13, 239-240

Scheerer, T. (1864): Über den Astrophyllit und sein Verhältnis zu Augit und Glimmer im Zirkonsyenit. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 198 (2/122), 107-138

Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16,.1-663.

Zhesheng Ma, Guowu Li, Nicheng Shi, Huyun Zhou, Danian Ye, and Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (2001): Structure refinement of astrophyllite. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 44(6), 508-516.

Piilonen, P., Lalonde, A., McDonald, A., Gault, R, Larsen, A. (2003): Insights into Astrophyllite-group minerals. I. Nomenclature, composition and development of standardized general formula, Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 41, 1-26

Acta Crystallographica: 22: 673-678.

Internet Links for Astrophyllite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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    • Localities for Astrophyllite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
        • Poços de Caldas
    		Horstpeter H. G. J. Ulbrich (1984) A Petrografia, a Estrutura e o Quimismo de Nefelina Sienitos do Maciço Alcalino de Poços de Caldas MG-SP
    No reference listed
    • Paraná
      • Tijucas do Sul
        • Morro Redondo complex
    		Vilalva, F.C.J., and Vlach, S.R.F. (2010): Mineralogical Magazine 74(4), 645-658
    • Santa Catarina
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		No reference listed
    • New Brunswick
      • Queens Co.
    		Martin, R F, Payette, C (1988) The Welsford Anorogenic Igneous Complex, southern New Brunswick: Rift-Related Acadian Magmatism. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File Issue: 1727
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
        • Seal Lake area
    		GSC locality database; GSC database locality No. 4100
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm.; Badham 91978), Davidson (1978 & 1983)
    • Québec
      • Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine
        • La Haute-Gaspésie RCM
    		Wallace et al. (1990) Can. Min. 28, 251; Wallace, G.M., Whalen, J.B. & Martin, R.F. (1990) Agpaitic and miaskitic nepheline syenites of the McGerrigle plutonic complex, Gaspé, Quebec. Canadian Mineralogist 28, 251-266.
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		Horváth, L., Pfenninger-Horváth, E., Gault, R. A., & Tarassoff, P. (1998): Mineralogy of the Saint-Amable Sill, Varennes and Saint-Amable, Québec. Mineralogical Record, 29: 83-118.
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Piilonen et al. (2003) Can. Min. 41, 1 & 27 Martin D. (1975), Studies of astrophyllite from Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. B.Sc. Thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
      • Montréal
    		Finley (1930)
    Lacroix (1890)
    • Québec & Newfoundland and Labrador
    		Currie (1985): GSC Paper 85-1A, 73-80; A. Kerr and H. Rafuse (2012) Rare-earth element (REE) geochemistry of the Strange Lake deposits: Implications for resource estimation and metallogenic models. Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources Current Research 2012 pp39-60
    • Yukon Territory
      • Watson Lake Mining District
    		Geol, Survey of Canada database
    Chile
     
    • Aisén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region
      • Aisén Province (Aysén Province)
    		Welkner, Daniela; Godoy, Estanislao; Bernhardt, Heinz-J. (2002): Peralkaline rocks in the Late Cretaceous Del Salto Pluton, Eastern Patagonian Andes, Aisen, Chile (47° 35'S). Revista Geologica de Chile 29, 3-15.
    China
     
    • Sichuan Province
      • Panzhihua Prefecture
        • Yanbian Co.
    		Fenlian Wang, Taiping Zhao, and Wei Chen (2012): Mineral Deposits 31(2), 293-308
    Fenlian Wang, Taiping Zhao, and Wei Chen (2012): Mineral Deposits 31(2), 293-308
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Nyingtri (Linzhi) Prefecture
        • Mêdog Co. (Motuo Co.)
          • Mount Namjagbarwa (Mount Nanjiabawa)
    		Yan Liu, Zhesheng Ma, Xiuling Han, Huyun Zhou, Peishan Zhang, and Dalai Zhong (1997): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 16(4), 338-340
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
            • Narsaarsuup Qaava
    		OT. Ljostad photo & specimen
    Montgomery, A. (1974): An American Mineralogist Part IV. Mineralogical Record 5 (3), 115-127
    [Mineralogical Record - Vol 24 No 2]
    Soerensen, H. (1962): On the occurence of Steenstrupine in the Ilimaussaq massif, southwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
            • Head of Kangerdluarssuq
    		Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
            • Qeqertaussaq Island
    		Soerensen, H. (1962): On the occurrence of Steenstrupine in the Ilimaussaq massif, southwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
    Sørensen, H. (1962): On the occurence of Steenstrupine in the Ilimaussaq massif, southwest Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland. 167. Reitzels Forlag København. 251 p.
        • Nunarssuit Island
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/uni/emi/ag-markl/pages/marks/pages/abstracts/EUG2001.html
        • Quagdlimiut
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    Guinea
     
    Biagioni, C. (2007). I disilicati di Zr-Ti-Nb-REE delle sieniti a nefelina delle Iles de Los (Guinea). Tesi di laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Tarbagatai Range
        • Akzhaylyautas Mts (Akzhailyautas Mts; Akjaylautas Mts; Akzhalautas Mts)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
    		http://geo.web.ru/druza/l-Kent.htm
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Alai (Alay) Range
        • Sokh Valley
          • Upper Khodzhaachkan River
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
      • Zeravshan range
        • Matcha massif
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Malawi
     
    • Balaka District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Wooley (2001)
    • Zomba District
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1216–1222, 2009
    Mongolia
     
    • Gobi Desert
    		N.V. Vladykin data
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Khénifra Province
        • High Atlas Mts
          • Tamazeght complex
    		Khadem Allah, B. (1993)
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Brandberg Area
    		Economic Geology, Vol. 97, 2002, pp. 399–413
    Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern: 270 (in English)
    Nigeria
     
    • Plateau State
    		Am Min 51:299-323
    OMADA, J.I., MARTINS, R.F. & ABAA, S.I. (2003): The Kigom peralkaline granite pluton of the Nigerian Younger Granite suite.- Global J. of Geol. Sci., Nigeria, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp 1-11.
      • Jos Plateau Younger ring complex
    		Wooley (2001) p.242
    Bailey, J. C: Formation of cryolite and other aluminofluorides: A petrologic review. Bull. geol. Soc. Denmark, vol. 29, pp. 1-45. Copenhagen, June 10th, 1980.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Kongsberg
    		Bonin, B. & Sørensen, H. (2003): The granites of the Mykle region in the southern part of the Oslo igneous province, Norway. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Bulletin, 441: 17-24
      • Øvre Eiker
        • Gunhildrud
    		Jahren, J.; Berg, H.J.; Hurum, J.H. & Wulff-Pedersen, E. (1998): Nye undersøkelser av amazonitt-genthelvin pegmatitten fra Fiskum, Øvre Eiker. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 14, 13-16
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Nordmarka
    		Raade, G. & Haug, J. (1980): Rare Fluorides from a soda granite in the Oslo Region, Norway. Mineralogical Record, 11, 83-91
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Åsheim, A., Berge, S.A. & Larsen, A.O. (2008): Sporelementer i ænigmatitt fra larvik plutonkompleks. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 38: 63-65
          • Siktesøya
    		Larsen, A.O. & Raade, G. (1991): Gaidonnayite from the nepheline syenite pegmatite on Siktesøya in the southern part of the Oslo Region, norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 71: 303-306; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Hedrum
          • Farris
    		Andersen, F., Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt 7(4), 21-100
          • Lågendalen
    		Sæbø, P.( 1966): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no.35. The first occurences of the rare mineral barylite, Be2BaSi2O7, in Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 46, 335-348; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Brøgger, W.C.(1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie und Mineralogie, 16, 200-216
    Svein A. Berge observation 1992
    Brøgger, W.C.(1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16, XVI, p.257
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Knut Edvard Larsen, observation on site May 2007
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection
          • Barkevik area
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. 663 pp + 28 plates
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-2379)
    Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field aug.2012
    Brøgger, W.C.(1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie und Mineralogie, 16, 200-216; Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. Mineralien Welt 7(4):21-100
    Svein A. Berge collection ( first find by Frode Andersen 1989)
    Svein A. Berge collection (find 1978)
    Ragnar Hansen & Svein A. Berge observation 1975
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. 663 pp + 28 plates (p. 468-477)
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100.
    Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm collection # 19130633; Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. 663 pp + 28 plates
    Scheerer, T. (1854): Verhandlungen des bergmännischen Vereins zu Freiberg, Berg- und hüttenmännische Zeitung. 13, 239-240 ; Scheerer, T. (1864): Über den Astrophyllit und sein Verhältnis zu Augit und Glimmer im Zirkonsyenit. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 198 (2/122), 107-138
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral.16. 663 pp
          • Vesle Arøya
    		Brøgger, W. C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral. 16, 663 pp (p.461)
    Flink, G. (1899): Über einige seltene Mineralien aus der Gegend von Langesund in Norwegen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 4, 16-27; Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1), 15-71
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. p 462
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Collected by Peter Andresen beginning of June 2009.
      • Sandefjord
        • Vesterøya
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Raade, G & Larsen, A. O. (1980): Polylithionite from syenite pegmatite at Vøra, Sandefjord, Oslo Region, Norway. Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway, no 65. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 60, 117-124
      • Tjøme
        • Færder
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Pakistan
     
    • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North-West Frontier Province)
      • Peshawar
        • Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri
    		The Mineralogical Record, Volume 35 Number 3, p. 212
    Portugal
     
    • Azores District
      • San Miguel Island
    		[Osann, A.: Über Sanidinite von Sao Miguel, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 1, 117-130, 1888] [Ternes, B., Mineralien von der Azoreninsel Sao Miguel, Lapis, 20-42, 1999 ]
    Ternes, B. (1999): Mineralien von der Azoreninsel Sao Miguel (Portugal). Lapis, 24 (1), 20-42
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia)
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		Bailey, J. C: Formation of cryolite and other aluminofluorides: A petrologic review. Bull. geol. Soc. Denmark, vol. 29, pp. 1-45. Copenhagen, June 10th, 1980.
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Tuva Republic
    		Bailey, J. C: Formation of cryolite and other aluminofluorides: A petrologic review. Bull. geol. Soc. Denmark, vol. 29, pp. 1-45. Copenhagen, June 10th, 1980.
        • Sangilen Upland
    		Kapustin, Y. L., & Bykova, A. V. (1965). First find of hiortdahlite in the USSR. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 161, 121-124.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Keivy Mountains
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
          • Khibiny Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]; Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
              • 3rd left tributary of Vuonnemijok river
    		A.N. Labuntsov Mineralogical survey of central parts of Khibina massif (zircon, catapleiite and fersmanite localities), - Khibinskie apatity, 1933, N6, p. 202-209.
              • Astrophyllite Stream
    		Pekov et al (2005) New Data on Minerals Vol 40 pp11-16
    Men'shikov Yu.P., Khomyakov A.P., Ferraris G. e.a. (2003) Eveslogite, (Ca,K,Na,Sr,Ba)48[(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe")12(OH)12Si48O144](F,OH,Cl)14, a new mineral from the Khibiny alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia, - Zapiski VMO, 132(1), pp. 59-67 (in Rus.).
    P.M. Kartashov data
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Pekov, I.V., Chukanov, N.V., Kononkova, N.N., Zubkova, N.V., Rabadanov, M.K., and Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 749-754.
    Natural History Museum Vienna collection
            • Kukisvumchorr Mt
    		P Haas collection
    Pekov, I. et al (2003): New Data on Minerals: 38: 20-33.
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.; Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
            • Rypnetsk Mt.
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
          • Lovozero Massif
    		Y. P. Men'shikov et al.: Am. Min. 91:922-928 (2006)
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    • North West Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		The Canadian Mineralogist, V 42, 2004, pp. 1169-1178.; MITCHELL, R.H. & LIFEROVICH, R.P. (2004) Ecandrewsite - zincian pyrophanite from lujavrite. Pilansber alkaline complex, South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist), 42, 1169-1178.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Region of Republican Subordination
      • Tien Shan Mts
        • Alai (Alayskiy) Range
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/dara.htm; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Ukraine
     
    • Donets'k Oblast' (Donetsk Oblast')
      • Azov Sea Region
          • Dmitrievka village
    		Pekov I.V., Belovitskaja Ju.V., Kartashov P.M. e.a. New data on perraultite (Priazovie), - ZVMO, 1999, 3, pp.112-120
    • Zaporozhskaya Oblast' (Zaporiz'ka; Zaporozh'e)
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1976) 51:495-507
    “Smith, A.E., Jr., 1996, Collecting Arkansas Minerals: A R“Smith, A.E., Jr., 1994, “Through the Scope: Collecting Microminerals at Cove Creek, Magnet Cove, Arkansas”: Rocks & Minerals, 69:180-185.eference and Guide.” and
    Erickson, Ralph Leroy; Blade, Lawrence Vernon (1963) Geochemistry and petrology of the alkalic igneous complex at Magnet Cove, Arkansas. USGS Prof. Paper 425
    Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125; Rocks and Minerals, (1989) 64:314-322
    Smith, A. (1996) Collecting Arkansas Minerals
    • Colorado
      • El Paso Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 122; Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Paul J. Broyles
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Gross, E. and Heinrich, E., 1966, Petrology and Mineralogy of the Mount Rosa Area, El Paso and Teller Counties, Colorado. II. Pegmatites, American Mineralogist, v. 51, p. 299-323.
    reference: "Petrology and Mineralogy of the Mount Rosa area, El Paso and Teller Counties, Colorado II. Lamprophyres and Mineral Deposits" By E. B. Gross and E. WM. Heinrich - The American Mineralogist, Vol 51, Sept-Oct, 1966
    • Maine
      • Kennebec Co.
        • Litchfield
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v.1.
      • York Co.
    		Toulmin, P., 1957, Notes on a Peralkaline Granite from Cashes Ledge, Gulf of Maine, American Mineralogist, 42: 912-915
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    P Cristofono collection , 2009
        • Rockport
    		Sears, J. H. (1905): The Physical Geography, Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology of Essex County, p. 241.; Toulmin, Priestley, 1957, v. 42, p.912-915.
      • Norfolk Co.
    		Pirsson, L.V. (1910): Note on the Occurrence of Astrophyllite in the Granite at Quincy, Massachusetts (AmJourSci 29:215-216)
        • Sharon
    		Whitehead, Walter L. (1913): The Geology of the Rattlesnake Hill Granite of Sharon, Massachusetts (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy).
    • Montana
      • Jefferson Co.
    		The Lapidary Journal, May 1985 (W.C. van Laer); The Mineral News (several issues); many ID by x-ray diffraction (Jim Wilson, Weber State; W.C. van Laer, Montana Tech; U.S. National Museum; some by physical characteristics, i.e.: crystal form, fluorescence, magnetic attraction, etc.) some yet to be published
          • Goldflint Mountain
    		W.C van Laer, in preparation
    van Laer, in preparation
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
    		Meyers & Stewart, 1956. Geology of NH: Part III, Minerals & Mines
          • North Conway
    		Rocks & Min 80:245; Rocks and Minerals, (1990) 65:286-296
        • Moultonborough
    		Woolley, A.R. (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World
      • Coos Co.
    		Morrill, 1960. NH Mines and Mineral Localities.
    Rocks & Min 80:249
    Rocks and Minerals, (1990) 65:286-296
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
        • Cumberland
    		Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, O. D. Hermes, Ed., University of Rhode Island, Kingston
    Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, O. D. Hermes, Ed., University of Rhode Island, Kingston
    Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, University of Rhode Island, Kingston
    • Virginia
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    		Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8; Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.51
    Saul Krotki
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