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Astrophyllite

Big Photo

Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry), Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville Co., Québec, Canada
© 2005 DM

Show Astrophyllite Photos (92)
Formula:
(K,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH)
 
7
System:TriclinicColour:Bronze-yellow, golden ...
Lustre:Greasy, Pearly, Sub-MetallicHardness:3
Name:From the Greek for "star" and "leaf," in allusion to its habit of starburst-like sprays and micaceous cleavage.


Astrophyllite Group.

Classification of Astrophyllite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/G.12-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DC.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
C : Inosilicates with branched 2-periodic single chains; Si2O6 + 2SiO3 Si4O12
Dana 8th edition ID:69.1.1.1

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
1 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with (P=2, and N=4, 2 branches)
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.9.29

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti
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Type Occurrence of Astrophyllite

Type Locality:Låven (Skådön; Lamö; Lamanskjaer), Langesundsfjorden, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Mineralogische Sammlung der TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Year of Discovery:1854
Associated Minerals at type locality:
ChalcopyriteAegirineGalenaOrthoclaseBiotite

Occurrences of Astrophyllite

Geological Setting:Nepheline syenites and alkali granites.

Physical Properties of Astrophyllite

Lustre:Greasy, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Bronze-yellow, golden yellow, brown to reddish brown.
Streak:Golden
Hardness (Mohs):3
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {001}
Poor on {100}
Density (measured):3.2 - 3.4 g/cm3

Crystallography of Astrophyllite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:a = 11.76Å, b = 5.36Å, c = 21.08Å
α = 90°, β = 94°, γ = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.194 : 1 : 3.933
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,325.51 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:tabular, bladed, acicular
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Astrophyllite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.680 nβ = 1.700 nγ = 1.730
2V:Measured: 70° to 90°, Calculated: 80°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.050

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:none
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X= deep red-orange
Y= orange-yellow
Z= lemon-yellow

Chemical Properties of Astrophyllite

Formula:
(K,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH)
 
7
Essential elements:Fe, K, O, Si, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, K, Mn, Na, O, Si, Ti
Common Impurities:Nb,Ta,Zr,Al,Mg,Ca

Relationship of Astrophyllite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Kupletskite (see here)
Related to:
  • Astrophyllite Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    9.DC.05Hydroastrophyllite
    (H
     
    3
    		O,K,Ca)
     
    3
    		(Fe,Mn)
     
    5-65
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		(O,OH)
     
    31
    9.DC.05Kupletskite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Mn,Fe)
     
    7
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		F
    9.DC.05Magnesioastrophyllite
    (Na,K)
     
    4
    		Mg
     
    2
    		(Fe,Fe,Mn)
     
    5
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    7
    9.DC.05Niobophyllite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Fe,Mn)
     
    6
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    31
    9.DC.05Zircophyllite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Mn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    7
    		(Zr,Ti)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    7
    9.DC.05Kupletskite-(Cs)
    (Cs,K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Mn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    7
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    7
    9.DC.05Niobokupletskite
    K
     
    2
    		Na(Mn,Zn,Fe)
     
    7
    		(Nb,Zr,Ti)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		(O,F)
    9.DC.05Nalivkinite
    Li
     
    2
    		Na(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    7
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[F|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		]
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    14.9.1Natisite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ti[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    14.9.2Lorenzenite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    14.9.3Lintisite
    LiNa
     
    3
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    14.9.4Davanite
    K
     
    2
    		TiSi
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    14.9.5Kazakovite
    Na
     
    6
    		Ti[Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		]
    14.9.6Titanite
    CaTi[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    14.9.7Ohmilite
    Sr
     
    3
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[(O,OH)|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 2-3H
     
    2
    		O
    14.9.8Lamprophyllite
    (Sr,K,Ba)
     
    2
    		(Na,Ti,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O|(O,OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    14.9.9Benitoite
    BaTi[Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    9
    		]
    14.9.10Batisite
    Na
     
    2
    		BaTi
     
    2
    		[O|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
     
    2
    14.9.11Fresnoite
    Ba
     
    2
    		Ti[O|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    14.9.12Joaquinite-(Ce)
    Ba
     
    2
    		NaCe
     
    2
    		FeTi
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH,F) · H
     
    2
    		O
    14.9.13Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
    Ba
     
    2
    		NaCe
     
    2
    		FeTi
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(O,OH) · H
     
    2
    		O
    14.9.14Strontiojoaquinite
    Sr
     
    2
    		Ba
     
    2
    		(Na,Fe)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(O,OH)
     
    2
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    14.9.15Bario-orthojoaquinite
    (Ba,Sr)
     
    4
    		Fe
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    14.9.16Strontio-orthojoaquinite
    Sr
     
    2
    		Ba
     
    2
    		(Na,Fe)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(O,OH)
     
    2
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    14.9.17Bafertisite
    Ba(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti[O|(O,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    14.9.18Hejtmanite
    Ba(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti[O|(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    14.9.19Delindeite
    (Na,K)
     
    2.7
    		(Ba,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Fe,Al)
     
    6
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    14
    14.9.20Barytolamprophyllite
    (Ba,Na)
     
    2
    		(Na,Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O|(OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    14.9.21Trimounsite-(Y)
    Y
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    5
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    14.9.22Perrierite-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca,Th)
     
    4
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    14.9.23Chevkinite
    (Ca,Ce,Th)
     
    4
    		(Fe,Mn)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe)
     
    3
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    22
    14.9.24Strontiochevkinite
    (Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
     
    4
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		(Ti,Zr)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    14.9.25Tisinalite
    Na
     
    3
    		H
     
    3
    		(Mn,Ca,Fe)TiSi
     
    6
    		(O,OH)
     
    18
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    14.9.26Neptunite
    Na
     
    2
    		KLi(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		]
    14.9.27Manganoneptunite
    Na
     
    2
    		KLi(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		]
    14.9.28Kupletskite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Mn,Fe)
     
    7
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		F
    14.9.30Hydroastrophyllite
    (H
     
    3
    		O,K,Ca)
     
    3
    		(Fe,Mn)
     
    5-65
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		(O,OH)
     
    31
    14.9.31Magnesioastrophyllite
    (Na,K)
     
    4
    		Mg
     
    2
    		(Fe,Fe,Mn)
     
    5
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    7
    14.9.32Baratovite
    KCa
     
    7
    		(Ti,Zr)
     
    2
    		Li
     
    3
    		Si
     
    12
    		O
     
    36
    		F
     
    2
    14.9.34Aenigmatite
    Na
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
    5
    		TiO
     
    2
    		]Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]
    14.9.35Schorlomite
    Ca
     
    3
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(Si,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)O
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    14.9.36Tinaksite
    K
     
    2
    		Na(Ca,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti[O|Si
     
    7
    		O
     
    18
    		(OH)]
    14.9.37Janhaugite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    3
    		(Mn,Fe)
     
    3
    		(Ti,Zr,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    15
    		(OH,F,O)
     
    3
    14.9.38Koashvite
    Na
     
    6
    		(Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		·H
     
    2
    		O

    Other Names for Astrophyllite

    Synonyms:
    AastrophylliteAsterophylliteAstrofillite
    Other Languages:
    German:Aastrophyllit
    Asterophyllit
    Astrophengit
    Astrophyllit
    Japanese:星葉石
    Russian:Астрофиллит
    Spanish:Aastrophyllita
    Asterophyllita
    Astrophyllita

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Astrophyllite

    Reference List:Weibye, P.C. (1848): Beiträge zur topographischen Mineralogie Norwegens, Archiv für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Hüttenkunde, Vol. 22, 673-678

    Scheerer, T. (1854): Verhandlungen des bergmännischen Vereins zu Freiberg, Berg- und hüttenmännische Zeitung, Vol. 12, 389-392

    Scherrer, T. (1864): Über den Astrophyllit und sein Verhältnis zu Augit und Glimmer im Zirkonsyenit, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 198 (2/122), 107-138

    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16,.1-663

    Piilonen, P., Lalonde, A., McDonald, A., Gault, R, Larsen, A. (2003): Insights into Astrophyllite-group minerals. I. Nomenclature, composition and development of standardized general formula, Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 41, 1-26

    Acta Crystallographica: 22: 673-678.

    Internet Links for Astrophyllite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Astrophyllite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Astrophyllite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Astrophyllite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • South Region
      • Santa Catarina
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Poços de Caldas plateau
    		No reference listed
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		No reference listed
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm.
    • Québec
      • Jacques Cartier Co.
        • Montréal
    		Lacroix (1890)
      • Rouville Co.
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.52; Martin D. (1975), Studies of astrophyllite from Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. B.Sc. Thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
      • Verchères Co.
        • Varennes & St-Amable
          • Saint-Amable sill
    		Mineralogical Record: 29: 83.
    Chile
     
    • Aisén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region
      • Aisén Province (Aysén Province)
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/latam.htm
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Arsuk
        • Arsuk Firth
    		No reference listed
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
            • Narsaarsuup Qaava
    		No reference listed
    Montgomery, A. (1974): An American Mineralogist Part IV. Mineralogical Record 5 (3), 115-127
    [Mineralogical Record - Vol 24 No 2]
    Soerensen, H. (1962): On the occurence of Steenstrupine in the Ilimaussaq massif, southwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
            • Head of Kangerdluarssuq
    		Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
            • Qeqertaussaq Island
    		Soerensen, H. (1962): On the occurrence of Steenstrupine in the Ilimaussaq massif, southwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
    Soerensen, H. (1962): On the occurence of Steenstrupine in the Ilimaussaq massif, southwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
        • Nunarssuit Island
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/uni/emi/ag-markl/pages/marks/pages/abstracts/EUG2001.html
        • Quagdlimiut
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    Guinea
     
    Biagioni, C. (2007). I disilicati di Zr-Ti-Nb-REE delle sieniti a nefelina delle Iles de Los (Guinea). Tesi di laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya [Eastern-Kazakhstan] Oblast')
      • Tarbagatai Range
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Zeravshan range
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Malawi
     
    • Balaka District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Mongolia
     
    • Gobi Desert
    		N.V. Vladykin data
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Khénifra Province
        • High Atlas Mts
          • Tamazeght complex
    		Khadem Allah, B. (1993)
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Brandberg District
        • Brandberg area
    		Economic Geology, Vol. 97, 2002, pp. 399–413
    Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Nigeria
     
    • Plateau State
    		Am Min 51:299-323
    OMADA, J.I., MARTINS, R.F. & ABAA, S.I. (2003): The Kigom peralkaline granite pluton of the Nigerian Younger Granite suite.- Global J. of Geol. Sci., Nigeria, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp 1-11.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Øvre Eiker
        • Gunhildrud
    		Hurum, J. H; Jahren, J.; Berg, H.-J. & Bjerkgaard, T. (1997): En eksotisk pegmatitt i kambrosiluren ved Eikeren, Buskerud. STEIN 24 (3), 125-128
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Nordmarka
    		Raade, G. & Haug, J. (1980): Rare Fluorides from a soda granite in the Oslo Region, Norway. Mineralogical Record, 11, 83-91
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Siktesøya
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		Collection of Peter Andresen.
    A. O. Larsen, A. Åsheim and R. A. Gault, 2005.
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Farris
    		Larsen, A. O & Raade, G.(1997): Pyroksener fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 12,16-17
        • Hedrum
          • Lågendalen
    		Sæbø, P.(1966)."Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no.35. The first occurences of the rare mineral barylite, Be2BaSi2O7, in Norway". Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 46, 335-348
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Barkevik (Barkevika)
    		Antonio Borrelli collection
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100.
    Berg- und hüttenmännische Zeitung,(1854) 13, 389-392
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral.16. 663 pp
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. p 462
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Tvedalen
          • Tuften (Tuften 1 Quarry; Tuften 2 Quarry)
    		Collected by Peter Andresen beginning of June 2009.
      • Sandefjord
        • Vesterøya
    		Raade,G & Larsen, A.O.: "Polylithionite from syenite pegmatite at Vøra, Sandefjord,Oslo Region, Norway. Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway, no 65" .Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 60 (1980), 117-124
    Pakistan
     
    • Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)
      • Khyber Agency
        • Mulla Ghori
    		The Mineralogical Record, Volume 35 Number 3, p. 212
    Portugal
     
    • Azores District
      • San Miguel Island
    		[Osann, A.: Über Sanidinite von Sao Miguel, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 1, 117-130, 1888] [Ternes, B., Mineralien von der Azoreninsel Sao Miguel, Lapis, 20-42, 1999 ]
    Ternes, B. (1999): Mineralien von der Azoreninsel Sao Miguel (Portugal). Lapis, 24 (1), 20-42
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		[MinRec 32:42]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sangilen Upland
    		Kapustin, Y. L., & Bykova, A. V. (1965). First find of hiortdahlite in the USSR. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 161, 121-124.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]; Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
              • 3rd left tributary of Vuonnemijok river
    		A.N. Labuntsov Mineralogical survey of central parts of Khibina massif (zircon, catapleiite and fersmanite localities), - Khibinskie apatity, 1933, N6, p. 202-209.
    Men'shikov Yu.P., Khomyakov A.P., Ferraris G. e.a. (2003) Eveslogite, (Ca,K,Na,Sr,Ba)48[(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe")12(OH)12Si48O144](F,OH,Cl)14, a new mineral from the Khibiny alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia, - Zapiski VMO, 132(1), pp. 59-67 (in Rus.).
    P.M. Kartashov data
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Pekov, I.V., Chukanov, N.V., Kononkova, N.N., Zubkova, N.V., Rabadanov, M.K., and Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 749-754.
            • Kukisvumchorr Mt
    		P Haas collection
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.; Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
            • Rypnetsk Mt.
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
          • Lovozero Massif
    		Y. P. Men'shikov et al.: Am. Min. 91:922-928 (2006)
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
          • Pilansberg Complex
    		The Canadian Mineralogist, V 42, 2004, pp. 1169-1178.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Region of Republican Subordination
      • Tien Shan Mts
        • Alai (Alayskiy) Range
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/dara.htm; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Ukraine
     
    • Donets'k Oblast' (Donetsk Oblast')
      • Azov Sea Region
          • Dmitrievka village
    		Pekov I.V., Belovitskaja Ju.V., Kartashov P.M. e.a. New data on perraultite (Priazovie), - ZVMO, 1999, 3, pp.112-120
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    “Smith, A.E., Jr., 1996, Collecting Arkansas Minerals: A R“Smith, A.E., Jr., 1994, “Through the Scope: Collecting Microminerals at Cove Creek, Magnet Cove, Arkansas”: Rocks & Minerals, 69:180-185.eference and Guide.” and
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    Smith, A. (1996) Collecting Arkansas Minerals
    • Colorado
      • El Paso Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 122; Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Maine
      • Kennebec Co.
        • Litchfield
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v.1.
      • York Co.
    		Toulmin, P., 1957, Notes on a Peralkaline Granite from Cashes Ledge, Gulf of Maine, American Mineralogist, 42: 912-915
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
        • Rockport
    		Sears, J. H. (1905): The Physical Geography, Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology of Essex County, p. 241.; Toulmin, Priestley, 1957, v. 42, p.912-915.
      • Norfolk Co.
    		Pirsson, L.V. (1910): Note on the Occurrence of Astrophyllite in the Granite at Quincy, Massachusetts (AmJourSci 29:215-216)
    • Montana
      • Jefferson Co.
    		The Lapidary Journal, May 1985 (W.C. van Laer); The Mineral News (several issues); many ID by x-ray diffraction (Jim Wilson, Weber State; W.C. van Laer, Montana Tech; U.S. National Museum; some by physical characteristics, i.e.: crystal form, fluorescence, magnetic attraction, etc.) some yet to be published
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
    		Meyers & Stewart, 1956. Geology of NH: Part III, Minerals & Mines
    Rocks & Min 80:245
        • Moultonborough
    		Woolley, A.R. (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World
      • Coos Co.
    		Morrill, 1960. NH Mines and Mineral Localities.
    Rocks & Min 80:249
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
        • Cumberland
    		Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, O. D. Hermes, Ed., University of Rhode Island, Kingston
    Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, O. D. Hermes, Ed., University of Rhode Island, Kingston
    Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, University of Rhode Island, Kingston
    • Virginia
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    		Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8; Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.51
    Mineral and/or Locality
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