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Leucophanite

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Big Photo

Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire), Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
© D. Richerson

Show Leucophanite Photos (69)



Formula:
NaCaBeSi
 
2
O
 
6
F
System:OrthorhombicColour:pale yellow, greenish ...
Hardness:4
This page provides mineralogical data about Leucophanite.

Classification of Leucophanite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.02-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DH.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
Dana 8th edition ID:55.4.2.4

55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
4 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with No Additional Anions with cations in [8] and lower coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.1.8

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
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Type Occurrence of Leucophanite

Type Locality:Låven (Skådön; Lamö; Lamanskjaer), Langesundsfjorden, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway
Year of Discovery:1840

Physical Properties of Leucophanite

Colour:pale yellow, greenish white, yellowish green
Streak:white
Hardness (Mohs):4
Cleavage:Perfect
Comment:Triboluminescent with orange red light (http://www.mindat.org/mesg-6-204391.html)

Crystallography of Leucophanite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):2 2 2 - Disphenoidal
Space Group:P21 21 21
Cell Parameters:a = 7.41Å, b = 7.39Å, c = 9.98Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.003 : 1 : 1.35
Unit Cell Volume:V 546.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:Pseudotetragonal.
Crystal Atlas:
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Leucophanite no.25 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Leucophanite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.571 nβ = 1.595 nγ = 1.598
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.027

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r > v

Chemical Properties of Leucophanite

Formula:
NaCaBeSi
 
2
O
 
6
F
Essential elements:Be, Ca, F, Na, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Be, Ca, F, Na, O, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Fe,Mg,K,H2O

Relationship of Leucophanite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DH.10Ohmilite
Sr
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)(O,OH) · 2-3H
 
2
O
9.DH.15Haradaite
SrVSi
 
2
O
 
7
9.DH.15Suzukiite
BaVSi
 
2
O
 
7
9.DH.20Batisite
BaNaNaTi
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)O
 
2
9.DH.20Shcherbakovite
(K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)O
 
2
9.DH.25Taikanite
Sr
 
3
BaMn
2+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)O
 
2
9.DH.30Krauskopfite
BaSi
 
2
O
 
5
 · 3H
 
2
O
9.DH.35Balangeroite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
42
Si
 
16
O
 
54
(OH)
 
40
9.DH.35Gageite
Mn
 
21
O
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)
 
2
(OH)
 
20
9.DH.40Aenigmatite
Na
 
2
Fe
2+
5
Ti(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)O
 
2
9.DH.40Dorrite
Ca
 
4
(Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
9
)O
 
4
(Si
 
3
Al
 
8
Fe
3+
 
O
 
36
)
9.DH.40Høgtuvaite
(Ca,Na)
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
6
[O
 
2
|Be(Si,Al)
 
5
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Krinovite
Na
 
2
Mg
 
4
Cr
3+
2
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)O
 
2
9.DH.40Makarochkinite
Ca
 
2
Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
Ti[O
 
2
|BeAlSi
 
4
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Rhönite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
6
[O
 
2
|(Si,Al)
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Serendibite
(Ca,Na)
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
[O
 
2
|(Si,Al,B)
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Welshite
Ca
 
4
Mg
 
9
Sb
 
3
O
 
4
[Si
 
6
Be
 
3
AlFe
 
2
O
 
36
]
9.DH.40Wilkinsonite
Na
 
2
Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)O
 
2
9.DH.45Sapphirine
(Mg,Fe)
 
4-x
Al
 
4+x
[Al
 
4+x
Si
 
2-x
O
 
18
]O
 
2
9.DH.50Khmaralite
(Mg,Al,Fe)
 
16
[(Al,Si,Be)
 
12
O
 
36
]O
 
4
9.DH.55Surinamite
(Mg,Fe)
 
3
Al
 
4
BeSi
 
3
O
 
16
9.DH.60Deerite
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Fe,Al)
 
3
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]O
 
3
(OH)
 
5
9.DH.65Howieite
Na(Fe,Mn)
 
10
(Fe,Al)
 
2
Si
 
12
O
 
31
(OH)
 
13
9.DH.65Taneyamalite
(Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)
 
12
Si
 
12
(O,OH)
 
44
9.DH.70Johninnesite
Na
 
2
Mn
2+
9
Mg
 
7
(OH)
 
8
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]
 
2
9.DH.75Agrellite
NaCa
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
10
F
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.1.1Hectorite
Na
 
0.3
(Mg,Li)
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.3Agrellite
NaCa
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
10
F
17.1.4Apophyllite-(NaF)
NaCa
 
4
(Si
 
8
O
 
20
)F · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.5Apophyllite-(KF)
KCa
 
4
(Si
 
8
O
 
20
)(F,OH) · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.6Apophyllite-(KOH)
KCa
 
4
(Si
 
8
O
 
20
)(OH,F) · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.7Hsianghualite
Ca
 
3
Li
 
2
(Be
 
3
Si
 
3
O
 
12
)F
 
2
17.1.9Norbergite
Mg
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.10Chondrodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.11Humite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.12Clinohumite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.13Canasite
K
 
2
Na
 
4
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
(OH,F)
 
4
17.1.14Charoite
(K,Sr)
 
15-16
(Ca,Na)
 
32
[Si
 
6
O
 
11
(O,OH)
 
6
]
 
2
[Si
 
12
O
 
18
(O,OH)
 
12
]
 
2
[Si
 
17
O
 
25
(O,OH)
 
18
]
 
2
(OH,F)
 
4
 · ~3H
 
2
O
17.1.15Cuspidine
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.16Bultfonteinite
Ca
 
2
(HSiO
 
4
)F · H
 
2
O
17.1.17Zeophyllite
Ca
 
4
Si
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,F)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
17.1.18Rowlandite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
F
 
2
 (?)
17.1.19Yuksporite
(K,Ba)NaCa
 
2
(Si,Ti)
 
4
O
 
11
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
17.1.20Yftisite-(Y)
(Y,Dy,Er)
 
4
(Ti,Sn)(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
O(F,OH)
 
6
17.1.21Mosandrite
(◻,Ca,Na)
 
3
(Ca,REE)
 
4
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
[H
 
2
O,OH,F]
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
17.1.22Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
17.1.23Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)F
 
2
17.1.24Seidozerite
Na
 
8
Mn
2+
2
Zr
 
3
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
4
F
 
4
17.1.25Thorosteenstrupine
CaMnThSi
 
4
O
 
11
(OH)F · 6H
 
2
O
17.1.26Zircophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
17.1.27Jinshajiangite
BaNaFe
2+
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
17.1.28Rosenbuschite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
17.1.29Narsarsukite
Na
 
4
(Ti,Fe)
 
2
[Si
 
8
O
 
20
](O,OH,F)
 
2
17.1.30Sonolite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2

Other Names for Leucophanite

Other Languages:
German:Leucophanit
Leukophan
Leukophanit
Norwegian (Bokmål):Leukofan
Russian:Лейкофанит
Spanish:Leucophanita

Other Information

Electrical:Triboluminescent with orange red light (http://www.mindat.org/mesg-6-204391.html)
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Leucophanite

Reference List:

- +
Erdmann A (1842) Undersökning af leucophan, ett nytt mineral frän trakten af Brewig i Norrige, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 1840, 191-200.

BRØGGER, W.C. (1890) Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der Südnorwegischen Augit und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie, 16, 1 663. (in German).

BØGGILD, O.B. (1953) The Mineralogy of Greenland. C.A. Reitzels Forlag, Copenhagen, 439 p.

Chao, G.Y. (1967) Leucophanite, elpidite, and narsarsukite from the Desourdy quarry, Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 286-287.

Cannillo E, Giuseppetti G, Tazzoli V (1967) The crystal structure of leucophanite, Acta Crystallographica 23, 255-259.

Cannillo E, Giuseppetti G, Tazzoli V (1969) On the crystal structure of leucophanite, Acta Crystallographica B25, 993-994.

Grice J D, Hawthorne F C (1989) Refinement of the crystal structure of leucophanite, The Canadian Mineralogist 27, 193-197.

Cannillo E, Giuseppetti G, Mazzi F, Tazzoli V (1992) The crystal structure of a rare earth bearing leucophanite: (Ca,RE)CaNa2Be2Si4O12(F,O)2, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 202, 71-79. Abstracted: American Mineralogist (1993): 78: 677.

GRICE, J.D., and HAWTHORNE, F.C. (2002) New data on meliphanite Ca4(Na,Ca)4Be4AlSi7O24(F,O)4. Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 971-980.

Friis, H., Balic-Žunicv, T., Williams,C. T. & Garcia-Samchez. R.(2007): Incorporation of REE into leucophanite: a compositional and structural study, Mineralogical Magazine, 71(6), 625–640.

Internet Links for Leucophanite

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    • Localities for Leucophanite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Belarus
     
    • Homyel' Province (Gomel)
      • Zhitkovitschskii
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; E.P. Shpanov, G.N. Netschelyustov, S.V. Baturin, L.S. Solntseva (1989) Byelorussite-(CelNaMnBarTi,- Si8Or6(F,OH).HrO-A new mineral of the joaquinite group. Zapiski Vses. Mineralog. Obshch., I l8(5), 100- 107 (in Russian).
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Chao, G.Y. (1967), Leucophanite, elpidite, narsarsukite from the Desourdy quarry, Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. Canadian Mineralogist: 9: 286-87.
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa Province (West Greenland)
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
            • Narsaarsuup Qaava
    		No reference listed
    Petersen Ole V.,Secher K.(1985) - Gronland: Mineralien, Geologie, Geschichte. - Verlag Bode & Partner K.G., Bochum, 87 pagg.
        • Ilimaussaq complex
          • Kangerdluarssuq Firth (Kangerdluarssuk; Kangerdluarsuk)
            • Head of Kangerdluarssuq
    		Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
    Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
    Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
          • Tasseq area
    		Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
    Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
    Guinea
     
    • Los Archipelago (Los Islands)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Tarbagatai Range
        • Akzhaylyautas Mts (Akzhailyautas Mts; Akjaylautas Mts; Akzhalautas Mts)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langangen
          • Kokkersvold
            • Kokkersvold E18 roadcuts
    		Raade, G., Åmli, R., Mladeck, H., Din. V. K., Larsen, A.O. & Åsheim, A. (1983): Chiavennite from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. American Mineralogist. 68: 628-633
          • Rønningen (Skredderrønningen)
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Larsen, A.O. & Raade, G. (1991): Gaidonnayite from the nepheline syenite pegmatite on Siktesøya in the southern part of the Oslo Region, norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 71: 303-306
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen
    		Berge S.A. & Hansen,R.(1981): Mineralnotater. NAGS-nytt 8(1), 22
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Brunlanes
    		Field collected and identified by Knut Eldjarn
        • Hedrum
          • Farris
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
          • Lågendalen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Arøya (Arö)
    		Svein A. Berge observation 1992
    Brøgger, W.C.(1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16, XVI, p.257
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection
          • Barkevik area
    		Friis, H., Balic-Zunic, T., Williams, C. T. and Garcia-Sanchez, R. (2007): Incorporation of REE into leucophanite: a compositional and structural study. Mineralogical Magazine. 71: 625-640
            • Kjeøya
    		Frode Andersen observation 1989
    Svein A. Berge collection (find 1978)
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. 663 pp + 28 plates (p. 468-477)
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral.16. 663 pp
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Erdmann A (1842) Undersökning af leucophan, ett nytt mineral frän trakten af Brewig i Norrige, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 1840, 191-200; Brøgger,W.C.(1880):Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitegänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16, XVI,663pp
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p (p.163)
          • Stokkøya (Stokø; Stockö; Stocköe)
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p.
    Friis, H., Balic-Zunic, T., Williams, C. T. and Garcia-Sanchez, R. (2007): Incorporation of REE into leucophanite: a compositional and structural study. Mineralogical Magazine. 71: 625-640
          • Vesle Arøya
    		Brøgger, W. C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral. 16, 663 pp (p.461)
    Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1), 15-71
    Bellezza, M., Franzini, F., Larsen, A. O., Merlino, S., Perchiazzi, N. (2004): Grenmarite, a new member of the götzenite-seidozerite-rosenbuschite group from Langesundsfjord district: definition and crystal structure. European Journal of Mineralogy, 16, 971-978.
        • Tjølling
          • Stålaker
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O & Raade, G.(1997): Pyroksener fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 12,16-17
    Personally collected by Peter Andresen in 2007.
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26;Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Nordrum, F.S. (2001): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2000-2001. STEIN 28 (2): 13- 19
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Nordrum, F.S. (2012): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2011-2012. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter. 49, 117-124
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia)
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		[MinRec 32:42]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sangilen Upland
    		Kapustin, Y. L., & Bykova, A. V. (1965). First find of hiortdahlite in the USSR. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 161, 121-124. ; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
    Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
            • Yukspor Mt
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
    Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (2003): 10: 461-480.
          • Lovozero Massif
            • Seidozero Lake
    		Yakovenchuk, V.N., Pakhomovsky, Ya.A., Men’shikov, Yu.P., Mikhailova, J.A., and Ivanyuk, G.Yu. (2007): Canadian Mineralogist 45, 451-456.
    Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.)
    Tajikistan
     
    • Region of Republican Subordination
      • Tien Shan Mtn
        • Alai Range (Alayskiy)
    		Canadian Mineralogist (2004): 42: 107-119; Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 132(6): 15-21 (in Russian).
    UK
     
    • England
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		Fraudulent Kingsbury locality.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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