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Akhtenskite

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Akhtenskoye Fe deposit, Magnitka, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Urals Region, Russia
© 2008, JGW

Formula:
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
System:HexagonalColour:Light grey to black
Name:Named after its discovery locality in Russia.
This page provides mineralogical data about Akhtenskite.

Classification of Akhtenskite

IMA status:Approved 1982
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.10-15
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DB.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:4.4.10.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.18.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Akhtenskite

Type Locality:Akhtenskoye Fe deposit, Magnitka, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Urals Region, Russia
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Mining Institute, St Petersburg, Russia
Year of Discovery:1979
Geological Setting of type material:in "psilomelane" with other manganese oxides in an iron oxide deposit, probably bacterially altered from a previous mineral
Associated Minerals at type locality:
TodorokitePyrolusiteNsutiteGoethiteCryptomelane

Physical Properties of Akhtenskite

Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Light grey to black
Streak:black
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
on {001}
Density (calculated):4.78 g/cm3

Crystallography of Akhtenskite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:P63/mmc (P63/m 2/m 2/c)
Cell Parameters:a = 2.84Å, c = 4.6Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.62
Unit Cell Volume:V 32.13 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:1
Morphology:as microscopic crystals, flaky to platy on {001}, in parallel aggregates, sometimes in rows at 120°, probably due to replacement of an earlier hexagonal mineral;
as flaky polycrystalline aggregates
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
1.42(
1.65(
2.15(
Comments:Material from Mount Zarod, Russia; XRD pattern calculated from an electron diffraction pattern

Optical Data of Akhtenskite

Type:Uniaxial

Chemical Properties of Akhtenskite

Formula:
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
Essential elements:Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O
Analyical Data:Sufficient material for direct chemical analysis cannot be separated.
Energy-dispersive analysis shows Mn as the only cationic species; Mn4+ and O2- were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as was the absence of OH- and H2O.
Relationship of Akhtenskite to other Species
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.DB.05Argutite
GeO
 
2
4.DB.05Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
4.DB.05Plattnerite
PbO
 
2
4.DB.05Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
4.DB.05Rutile
TiO
 
2
4.DB.05Tripuhyite
Fe
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DB.05Tugarinovite
MoO
 
2
4.DB.05Varlamoffite
(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.10Byströmite
MgSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Ordoñezite
ZnSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.15Nsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.15Paramontroseite
VO
 
2
4.DB.15Ramsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.20Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
4.DB.25Ishikawaite
U
4+
 
Fe
2+
 
Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Ixiolite
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)
(Y,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,U,Th,Ca)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Srilankite
Ti
 
2
ZrO
 
6
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)
Y(U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite
(Ca,Fe
3+
 
,Y)
 
2
(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Iwashiroite-(Y)
Y(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)
(Yb,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Písekite-(Y)
4.DB.30Ferberite
FeWO
 
4
4.DB.30Hübnerite
MnWO
 
4
4.DB.30Sanmartinite
(Zn,Fe)WO
 
4
4.DB.30Krasnoselskite
CoWO
 
4
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Qitianlingite
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
WO
 
10
4.DB.35Magnocolumbite
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.40Ferrowodginite
FeSnTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiowodginite
LiTa
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Titanowodginite
MnTiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Ferrotitanowodginite
Fe
2+
 
TiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.45Tivanite
VTiO
 
3
(OH)
4.DB.50Carmichaelite
(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O
 
2-x
(OH)
 
x
]
4.DB.55Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
4.DB.60Biehlite
((Sb,As)O)
 
2
[MoO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.18.1Manganosite
MnO
7.18.2Hausmannite
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.18.3Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
7.18.4Ramsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.6Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.7Manganite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.8Groutite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.9Nsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
7.18.10Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
7.18.11Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
7.18.12Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.18.13Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
·2-4H
 
2
O
Other Names for Akhtenskite
Synonyms:
IMA1982-072
German names:
Akhtenskit
Russian names:
Ахтенскит
Spanish names:
Akhtenskita
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Akhtenskite
Reference List:Chukhrov, F. V., Gorshkov, A. I. and Drits, V. S. (1987): Advances in the crystal chemistry of manganese oxides. Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch. 16, 210-221 (in Russian). - American Mineralogist (1990) 75, 931 (abstract)



Chukhrov, F. V., Gorshkov, A. I., Sivtsov, A. V., Berezovskaya, V. V., Dikov, Y. P., Dubinina, G. A. and Varinov, N. N. (1989): Akhtenskite - the natural analog of ε-MnO2. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol. 9, 75-80 (in Russian). - American Mineralogist (1990) 75, 931 (abstract).



Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 9.
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    Localities for Akhtenskite
     		

    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Russia
     
    

    • Far-Eastern Region
    

      • Primorskiy Kray
    

        • Sikhote-Alin
    
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
    

    • Urals Region
    

      • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    

        • Magnitka
    
    		[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]
    

    


    

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