Mindat Logo
Home Page Log In Message Board The Mindat Directory
Register Search Pages Mineral Chatroom The Mindat Store

Akhtenskite

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Big Photo

Akhtenskoe (Akhtenskoye) Fe deposit, Magnitka, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
© 2008, JGW

Show Akhtenskite Photos (2)



Formula:
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
System:HexagonalColour:Light grey to black
Name:Named after its discovery locality in Russia.


Ramsdellite Group.

Classification of Akhtenskite

IMA status:Approved 1982
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.10-15
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DB.15b

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:4.4.10.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.18.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-71.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Akhtenskite

Type Locality:Akhtenskoe (Akhtenskoye) Fe deposit, Magnitka, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Mining Institute, St Petersburg, Russia
Geological Setting of type material:in "psilomelane" with other manganese oxides in an iron oxide deposit, probably bacterially altered from a previous mineral
Associated Minerals at type locality:
TodorokitePyrolusiteNsutiteGoethiteCryptomelane

Physical Properties of Akhtenskite

Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Light grey to black
Streak:black
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
on {001}
Density (calculated):4.78 g/cm3

Crystallography of Akhtenskite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:P63/mmc {P63/m 2/m 2/c}
Cell Parameters:a = 2.84Å, c = 4.6Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.62
Unit Cell Volume:V 32.13 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:1
Morphology:as microscopic crystals, flaky to platy on {001}, in parallel aggregates, sometimes in rows at 120°, probably due to replacement of an earlier hexagonal mineral;
as flaky polycrystalline aggregates
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
1.42(
1.65(
2.15(
2.45(
Comments:Material from Mount Zarod, Russia; XRD pattern calculated from an electron diffraction pattern

Optical Data of Akhtenskite

Type:Uniaxial

Chemical Properties of Akhtenskite

Formula:
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
Essential elements:Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O
Analytical Data:Sufficient material for direct chemical analysis cannot be separated.
Energy-dispersive analysis shows Mn as the only cationic species; Mn4+ and O2- were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as was the absence of OH- and H2O.
Relationship of Akhtenskite to other Species
Structurally related to group(s):
Ramsdellite Group
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
4.DB.05Argutite
GeO
 
2
4.DB.05Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
4.DB.05Plattnerite
PbO
 
2
4.DB.05Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
4.DB.05Rutile
TiO
 
2
4.DB.05Tripuhyite
Fe
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DB.05Tugarinovite
MoO
 
2
4.DB.05Varlamoffite
(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.10Byströmite
MgSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Ordoñezite
ZnSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.15cNsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.15aParamontroseite
V
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.15aRamsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.20Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
4.DB.25Ishikawaite
U
4+
 
Fe
2+
 
Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Ixiolite
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)
(Y,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,U,Th,Ca)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Srilankite
Ti
 
2
ZrO
 
6
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)
Y(U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite
(Ca,Fe
3+
 
,Y)
 
2
(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)
(Yb,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.30Ferberite
FeWO
 
4
4.DB.30Hübnerite
MnWO
 
4
4.DB.30Sanmartinite
(Zn,Fe)WO
 
4
4.DB.30Krasnoselskite
CoWO
 
4
4.DB.30Heftetjernite
ScTaO
 
4
4.DB.30Huanzalaite
MgWO
 
4
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Qitianlingite
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
WO
 
10
4.DB.35Magnocolumbite
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.40Ferrowodginite
FeSnTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiowodginite
LiTa
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Titanowodginite
MnTiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Ferrotitanowodginite
Fe
2+
 
TiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wolframowodginite
Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.45Tivanite
V
3+
 
TiO
 
3
(OH)
4.DB.50Carmichaelite
(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O
 
2-x
(OH)
 
x
]
4.DB.55Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
4.DB.60Biehlite
((Sb,As)O)
 
2
[MoO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
7.18.1Manganosite
MnO
7.18.2Hausmannite
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.18.3Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
7.18.4Ramsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.6Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.7Manganite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.8Groutite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.9Nsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
7.18.10Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
7.18.11Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
7.18.12Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.18.13Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
 · 2-4H
 
2
O
Other Names for Akhtenskite
Synonyms:
IMA1982-072
Other Languages:
German:Akhtenskit
Russian:Ахтенскит
Spanish:Akhtenskita
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Akhtenskite
Reference List:

- + 
Chukhrov, F. V., Gorshkov, A. I. and Drits, V. S. (1987): Advances in the crystal chemistry of manganese oxides. Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch. 16, 210-221 (in Russian). - American Mineralogist (1990) 75, 931 (abstract)



Chukhrov, F. V., Gorshkov, A. I., Sivtsov, A. V., Berezovskaya, V. V., Dikov, Y. P., Dubinina, G. A. and Varinov, N. N. (1989): Akhtenskite - the natural analog of ε-MnO2. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol. 9, 75-80 (in Russian). - American Mineralogist (1990) 75, 931 (abstract).



Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 9.
Internet Links for Akhtenskite
Search Engines:












  • Look for Akhtenskite on Google
    • 


  • Look for Akhtenskite images on Google
    • External Links:
  • Look for Akhtenskite on Webmineral
  • Look for Akhtenskite on Athena Mineralogy
  • Look for Akhtenskite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Akhtenskite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Akhtenskite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
  • Edwards Minerals - Fine Specimens
  • Rare and Unusual minerals at Mineralogical Research Company
  • Mineral Classics - Worldwide Collector Quality Minerals and Gems
  • Pricedownminerals.com - Reverse Auctions and Shop
  • Fabre Minerals - search for Akhtenskite specimens
  • Buy fine minerals and gemstones from Pala International
  • webminerals
  • Buy RARE Minerals from Rocks of Africa
  • Visit the Pueblo Gem and Mineral show, Tucson 2012
  • Find Akhtenskite on www.crystalclassics.co.uk
  • Buy from David K Joyce minerals
  • SpiriferMinerals.com - high quality low prices
    • Jobs:
  • Mining & Geology Jobs
    • Localities for Akhtenskite
    
Hide Locality List
     		

    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Romania
     
    

    • Suceava Co.
    

      • Suceava district
    
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    

    • Far-Eastern Region
    

      • Primorskiy Kray
    
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
    

    • Urals Region
    

      • Southern Urals
    

        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    

          • Magnitka
    
    		[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    

    


    

    Mineral
 and/or
Locality

    

    
 
    Search Google
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    

  
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2011.  Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the 
  Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph.  
Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all.  Mindat relies on the contributions of
hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here
to register. Current server date and time: 18th Jun 2011 22:45:40 

    



		

    Mineral and Locality Search
    Mineral:
    and/or Locality:
    Options
    Fade toolbar when not in focusFix toolbar to bottom of page
    Hide Social Media Links
    Slideshow frame delay seconds
    New Mineral Name: ZementitFrom Uwe Kolitsch, 10th Feb 2012 17:58:51