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Akhtenskite

A valid IMA mineral species
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About AkhtenskiteHide

Formula:
ε-Mn4+O2
Colour:
Light grey to black
Specific Gravity:
4.78 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named after its discovery locality in Russia.
Polymorph of:
Synthetic akhtenskite coupled with goethite may be used in arsenic removal (Shih et al., 2015).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
71
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:71:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
fbd1c949-8e9c-45e9-9d85-99b6de05f4c5

IMA Classification of AkhtenskiteHide

Classification of AkhtenskiteHide

4.DB.15b

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4.4.10.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
7.18.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
AkhIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of AkhtenskiteHide

Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Light grey to black
Streak:
black
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
on {001}
Density:
4.78 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of AkhtenskiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial

Chemistry of AkhtenskiteHide

Mindat Formula:
ε-Mn4+O2

Crystallography of AkhtenskiteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 2.84(1) Å, c = 4.67(20) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.644
Unit Cell V:
32.62 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
as microscopic crystals, flaky to platy on {001}, in parallel aggregates, sometimes in rows at 120°, probably due to replacement of an earlier hexagonal mineral;
as flaky polycrystalline aggregates
Comment:
Handbook of Mineralogy gives range: a = 2.83–2.85, c = 4.47–4.88 Å.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0017794AkhtenskiteKondrashev Y D, Zaslavskii A I (1951) The structure of the modifications of manganese oxide Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR 15 179-18619510293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
1.42 Å(X)
1.65 Å(X)
2.15 Å(X)
2.45 Å(X)
Comments:
Material from Mount Zarod, Russia; XRD pattern calculated from an electron diffraction pattern

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
42 : Sea-floor Mn nodules
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]

Type Occurrence of AkhtenskiteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Institute, St Petersburg, Russia
Geological Setting of Type Material:
in "psilomelane" with other manganese oxides in an iron oxide deposit, probably bacterially altered from a previous mineral
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Chukhrov, F.V., Gorshkov, A.I., Sivtsov, A.V., Berezovskaya, V.V., Dikov, Y.P., Dubinina, G.A., Varinov, N.N. (1989) Akhtenskite - the natural analog of ε-MnO2. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol.: 9: 75-80.

Synonyms of AkhtenskiteHide

Other Language Names for AkhtenskiteHide

Relationship of Akhtenskite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2Hex.
ParamontroseiteV4+O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
RamsdelliteMn4+O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Akhtenskite associated with CryptomelaneK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16
2 photos of Akhtenskite associated with Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.DB.NioboheftetjerniteScNbO4Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DB.Shakhdaraite-(Y)ScYNb2O8Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+)(Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.Nioboixiolite-([])(Nb0.80.2)4+O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.05ArgutiteGeO2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05CassiteriteSnO2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05PlattneritePbO2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05PyrolusiteMn4+O2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05RutileTiO2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05TripuhyiteFe3+Sb5+O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05TugarinoviteMoO2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DB.05Varlamoffite(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2
4.DB.10ByströmiteMgSb2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.10OrdoñeziteZnSb2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.10TredouxiteNiSb2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.15cNsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2Hex.
4.DB.15aParamontroseiteV4+O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.15aRamsdelliteMn4+O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.20Scrutinyiteα-PbO2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.25IshikawaiteU4+Fe2+Nb2O8Mon.
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)YFe3+Nb2O8Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.25SrilankiteZrTi2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite(Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.25Ixiolite-(Fe2+)(Ta0.67Fe2+0.33)O2Orth.
4.DB.25Ixiolite-(Mn2+)(Ta0.67Mn2+0.33)O2Orth.
4.DB.30FerberiteFeWO4Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30HübneriteMnWO4Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30Sanmartinite(Zn,Fe)WO4Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DB.30KrasnoselskiteCoWO4Mon.
4.DB.30HeftetjerniteScTaO4Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30HuanzalaiteMgWO4Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30 vaWolframite Group
4.DB.30Rossovskyite(Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6Orth.
4.DB.35Qitianlingite(Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)(Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.40FerrowodginiteFe2+Sn4+Ta2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40LithiotantiteLiTa3O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DB.40LithiowodginiteLiTa3O8Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40TitanowodginiteMn2+TiTa2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40FerrotitanowodginiteFe2+TiTa2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40Tantalowodginite(Mn2+0.50.5)TaTa2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40WolframowodginiteMn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8
4.DB.45TivaniteV3+TiO3(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DB.50Carmichaelite(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x]Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DB.55AlumotantiteAlTaO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.60Biehlite((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4]Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for AkhtenskiteHide

References for AkhtenskiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for AkhtenskiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Miskolc District
      • Répáshuta
Németh et al (2014)
Japan
 
  • Tochigi Prefecture
    • Kanuma City
Akira Kato (undated manuscript)
Romania
 
  • Suceava County
    • Ciocănești
      • Ciocănești
Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference
    • Iacobeni
minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
      • Tolovanu
Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference
Russia (TL)
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Kusinsky District
      • Magnitka
Clark (1993) +1 other reference
  • Primorsky Krai
Anthony et al. (1997)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Serovsky District
      • Turya river
        • Tur'insk
Kasatkin et al. (2021)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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