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Pine Creek Mine (Black Monster Mine; Snow Queen Mine; Pine Creek Tungsten Mine & mill; Pine Creek apt plant; Pine Creek custom mill), Scheelite, Bishop Mining District (Tungsten Hills Mining District), Inyo County, California, USAi
Regional Level Types
Pine Creek Mine (Black Monster Mine; Snow Queen Mine; Pine Creek Tungsten Mine & mill; Pine Creek apt plant; Pine Creek custom mill)Mine
Scheelite- not defined -
Bishop Mining District (Tungsten Hills Mining District)Mining District
Inyo CountyCounty
CaliforniaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
37° 23' 34'' North , 118° 43' 8'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
37.39278,-118.71889
GeoHash:
G#: 9qesdrps9
GRN:
N25W68
Type:
Mine
KΓΆppen climate type:
Dsc : Dry-summer subarctic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Round Valley435 (2011)12.0km
Swall Meadows220 (2017)14.3km
Mesa251 (2011)15.9km
Sunny Slopes182 (2017)20.0km
West Bishop2,607 (2011)23.6km
Mindat Locality ID:
3475
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:3475:6
GUID (UUID V4):
1660ed30-fdfb-4949-87bc-211cbc6028be


A former W-Mo-Cu-Au-Ag-Bi mine located in secs. 30 & 31, T6S, R30E, MDM, and in secs. 19 & 20, T6N, R31E, MDM, 4.1 km (2.5 miles) WNW of Scheelite, along the North Branch Morgan Creek, about 21 miles NW of Bishop, at 11,000 feet of altitude, in the Sierra Nevada, on private (patented) land (private lease), in a National Forest area. Discovered in 1916. First operated in 1918. Owned by Avocet Ventures Inc. (50%), Canada (1995), and by the U.S. Tungsten Corp. (50%), California (1995). Operated by the Pine Creek Tungsten Mining LLC (100%), Australia (1995). Owned & operated by Union Carbide Nuclear Corp. (1981-1995). MRDS database stated accuracy for this location is 10 meters.

Located in sec. 8, T7S, R30E, MDM: Owned & operated by Avocet Tungsten Inc. (Subsidiary of Avocet Ventures Inc.) (100%), California (1995); owned & operated by U.S. Tungsten Corp. (Subsidiary of Strategic Minerals Corp.) (50%), California (1989 to 1995); Owned by Avocet Ventures Inc. (owner of Avocet Tungsten Inc.) (50%), Canada (1995); Owned & operated by Union Carbide Corp., Mining and Metals Division (100%), California (1981 to 1995).

Mineralization is a Late Cretaceous W ore body in marble with tactite (skarn), hosted in the Tungsten Hills Quartz Monzonite and associated rocks (marble/tactite) (Pine Creek Pendant). The North ore body is irregular, strikes N-S and dips steeply E, at a thickness of 30.48 meters, a width of 18.29 meters, ans a length of 762 meters. The South ore body is 400 feet long, 400 feet wide and 60 feet thick.

The multiple USGS MRDS files present data regarding the ore bodies in a disjointed and at times confusing format. The above data were presented for the North & South ore bodies. The following data were presented without specifying which ore body(ies) they apply to. The dimensions provided indicate that they may pertain to the both ore bodies taken together: thickness: 1,036 meters; width: 23 meters; length: 4,572 meters; area: 50 HA. Ore body No. 1 is disseminated & irregular. Ore body No. 2 is a replacement body. Ore body No. 3 is other (not specified). The primary mode of origin was contact metasomatism. The secondary mode of origin was metamorphism. Primary ore control was a contact zone and the secondary ore control was lithology. Wallrock alteration is slight (carbonitization; silicification). Controls for ore emplacement include the contact of marble beds in the Pine Creek Pendant with quartz monzonite. The scheelite ore body is in metamorphic rocks and is 7 miles long and 1 mile wide. The Pine Creek Pendant marble density in situ is 3.2, deformed in Jurassic (period ?). Skarn (tactite). Local alteration included metamorphism to skarn, ore in fractures, and some replacement by ore. Local rocks include Carboniferous marine rocks, unit 7 (Bishop).

Workings include underground openings with a length of 52,500 meters, developed from 8,000 to 11,500 feet of elevation. The mill is at 7,800 feet.
The overall depth is 300 meters. There are 4 adits at elevations of 10,750 feet, 11,052 feet, and 11,371 feet, plus a large open cut. The plant type is beneficiation (mill) - flotation method.

Reserves and resources data: Type: in-situ; year: 1941; WO3: 0.5 weight percent; year: 1945: demonstrated: 774,748 metric tons ore, indicated 310,262 metric tons ore, measured 464,486 metric tons ore, total resources: 774,748 metric tons ore.

Year: 1945: Mo: 0.823 weight percent.

Estimate year: 1995: demonstrated: 1,360,777 metric tons of ore; total resources: 1,360,777 metric tons ore (WO3: 0.51 weight percent - 1995).

Production at the mine was expected to resume in 1996 according to then competent officials.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

24 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ 'Andradite-Grossular Series'
β“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
β“˜ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Description: Occurs in minor amounts.
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
β“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Description: Occurs in rock shoots.
β“˜ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
β“˜ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Colour: Colourless
β“˜ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Description: Occurs in veinlets with prehnite.
β“˜ Ferrimolybdite
Formula: Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Colour: Bright yellow
Description: Occurs replacing molybdenite in higher Mo-enriched areas.
β“˜ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
β“˜ Grossular
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
β“˜ Hastingsite
Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Description: Occurs as a constituent of the amphibole tactite.
β“˜ Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
Colour: Black to grayish green
Description: Occurs as 55% to 95% pure material in a tactite zone. Stubby to elongate prisms and anhedral grains.
β“˜ Laumontite
Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Habit: Prismatic
Colour: White, buff
Description: Occurs as a large crumbly mass of interlocking prisms in the contact zone of the scheelite ores; later, spectacular white to buff crystals greater than 1 foot (0.3 meters) long were found!
β“˜ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
Description: Occurs as large masses.
β“˜ Pectolite
Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Description: Occurs as an alteration product of wollastonite.
β“˜ Powellite
Formula: Ca(MoO4)
References:
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 332, 339
Knopf, Adolf (1917a), Tungsten deposits of northwestern Inyo County California: USGS Bulletin 640: 229-249
Young, George J. (1926), Mining tungsten at Pine Creek: Engineering & Mining Journal: 121: 605-606
Bateman, Paul C. (1945), Pine Creek and Adamson tungsten mines, Inyo County, California: California Division Mines Report 42: 236
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1081.
Gray, R.F., Hoffman, V.F., Bagan, R.J., and McKinley, H.L. (1968) Bishop tungsten district. In Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967. The Graton-Sales volume, New York. A.I.M.E.: 1552
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
β“˜ Prehnite
Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Description: Occurs in veinlets with epidote.
β“˜ 'Scapolite'
β“˜ Scheelite
Formula: Ca(WO4)
Description: Occurs accompanied by considerable molybdenite at contact granite and metamorphic rocks; also with powellite.
β“˜ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
References:
Dana 7:II:1081.
β“˜ Stilbite-Ca
Formula: NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
β“˜ Thaumasite
Formula: Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Description: Occurs as radiating clusters in the marble.
β“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Colour: Yellowish
Description: Occurs in vein-like chains of crystals.
β“˜ Vesuvianite
Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Description: Occurs in the contact zone.
β“˜ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
Description: Occurs sometimes being partly replaced by pectolite.

Gallery:

Ca3Al2(SiO4)3β“˜ Grossular
CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2Oβ“˜ Laumontite
MoS2β“˜ Molybdenite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
β“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
β“˜Bismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
β“˜Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
Group 3 - Halides
β“˜Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Thaumasite7.DG.15Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) Β· 12H2O
β“˜Powellite7.GA.05Ca(MoO4)
β“˜Scheelite7.GA.05Ca(WO4)
β“˜Ferrimolybdite7.GB.30Fe2(MoO4)3 Β· nH2O
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Spessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
β“˜Grossular9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
β“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜Vesuvianite9.BG.35Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(β—»4)β—»[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
β“˜Diopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
β“˜Hedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
β“˜Hastingsite9.DE.15NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
β“˜Wollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
β“˜Pectolite9.DG.05NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
β“˜Prehnite9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
β“˜Clinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
β“˜Laumontite9.GB.10CaAl2Si4O12 Β· 4H2O
β“˜Stilbite-Ca9.GE.10NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 Β· 28H2O
Unclassified
β“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜'Andradite-Grossular Series'-
β“˜'Scapolite'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hβ“˜ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Hβ“˜ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Hβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Hβ“˜ ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Hβ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Hβ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oβ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oβ“˜ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Oβ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oβ“˜ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Oβ“˜ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Oβ“˜ PowelliteCa(MoO4)
Oβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Oβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Oβ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oβ“˜ ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Oβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Oβ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oβ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fβ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naβ“˜ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Naβ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgβ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgβ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alβ“˜ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Alβ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Alβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Alβ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alβ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Alβ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siβ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siβ“˜ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Siβ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siβ“˜ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Siβ“˜ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Siβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Siβ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siβ“˜ ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Siβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Siβ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siβ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sβ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sβ“˜ ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caβ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Caβ“˜ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Caβ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caβ“˜ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Caβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Caβ“˜ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Caβ“˜ PowelliteCa(MoO4)
Caβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Caβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Caβ“˜ ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Caβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caβ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Caβ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caβ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
MnManganese
Mnβ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
FeIron
Feβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feβ“˜ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Feβ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Feβ“˜ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Feβ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
MoMolybdenum
Moβ“˜ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Moβ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
Moβ“˜ PowelliteCa(MoO4)
WTungsten
Wβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
BiBismuth
Biβ“˜ BismuthiniteBi2S3

Other Databases

Link to USGS MRDS:10008713

Localities in this Region

USA
  • California
    • Inyo County
      • Bishop Mining District (Tungsten Hills Mining District)
        • Scheelite
          • Pine Creek Mine (Black Monster Mine; Snow Queen Mine; Pine Creek Tungsten Mine & mill; Pine Creek apt plant; Pine Creek custom mill)

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North America PlateTectonic Plate
USA

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Availability System (MAS) file ID #0060270008 & 0060279002 (mill).
Lemmon, D.M., Tungsten deposits in the US; Vol. I, unpublished data.
Knopf, Adolf (1917a), Tungsten deposits of northwestern Inyo County California: USGS Bulletin 640: 229-249; […(abstract): Washington Academy of Science Journal: 7: 357; …Geol. Zentralbl., Band 28: 165].
Tucker, W. Burling (1921), Los Angeles field division: California Mining Bureau. Report 17: 296, 301.
Hess, Frank L. & Esper S. Larsen (1922), Contact-metamorphic tungsten deposits of the United States: USGS Bulletin 725: 275, 276.
Young, George J. (1926), Mining tungsten at Pine Creek: Engineering & Mining Journal: 121: 605-606.
Vanderburg, W.O. (1935), Mining and Milling Tungsten Ores, U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6852.
Chapman, R.W. (1937), The contact metamorphic deposit of Round Valley, California: Journal of Geology: 45: 859-871.
Burwell, Blair (1941), Milling Tungsten Ore at Pine Creek, ining Congress Journal: 27(10): 16-18.
Lemmon, Dwight Moulton (1941a), Tungsten deposits in the Tungsten Hills, Inyo County, California: USGS Bulletin 922-Q: 497-514.
Lemmon, Dwight Moulton (1941c), Tungsten deposits in the Sierra Nevada near Bishop California: USGS Bulletin 931-E: 79-104.
Lenhart, W.B. (1941), Milling Scheelite at Tungstar Mine, Mining Congress Journal: 27(4): 67-71.
Wharton, M. (1943), Tungsten from the High Sierras - United States Vanadium Corporation Works Lofty Mine for Critical War Metals, The Explosives Engineer: May-June 1943: 79-85, 100-102.
Bateman, Paul C. (1945), Pine Creek and Adamson tungsten mines, Inyo County, California: California Division Mines Report 42: 231-250.
Kerr, Paul Francis (1946), Tungsten mineralization in the United States Geological Society of America Memorandum 15, 241 pp.
Butner, D.W. (1948), Blasthole Diamond Drilling in California Mines, U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 7451.
Bateman, Paul C., Max P. Erickson & Paul D. Proctor (1950), Geology and tungsten deposits of the Tungsten Hills, Inyo County, California: California Journal of Mines & Geology (Report 46): 46(1): 23-42.
McKinley, H.L., Holmes, T.W., and Sausa, L.E. (1951), Boosting Tungsten Output and U.S.V.'s Mountainj-Top Mine, No. 1 U.S. Producer, reprint from Engineering and Mining Journal: 152(5): 11 pp.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1081.
Bateman, Paul C. (1952), Geological Maps Report.
Behme, R.L. (1953), United States Vanadium's Tungsten Mine in California The Explosives Engineer: March-April 1953: 39-41.
Engel, A.L. and E.S. Shedd (1954) Treatment tests of scheelite ores from California, Nevada and Utah. US Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 5087, 24 pp.
Bateman, Paul C. (1956), Economic geology of the Bishop Tungsten district, California: California Division Mines Special Report 47, 87 pp.
McKinley, H.L., and Wright, L.A. (1957), Mining Methods at the Pine Creek Mine, Mining Engineering: October 1957: 1099-1102.
Warner, Lawrence A., William T. Holser, Verl R. Wilmarth, and Eugene N. Cameron (1959), Occurrence of Nonpegmatitic Beryllium in the United States, USGS Professional Paper 318: 91-92.
Zabra, J.B. (1959), Milling and Processing of Tungsten, U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 7912.
Cooper, J.R. (1962), Bismuth in the U.S.: USGS Mineral Resources map MR-22.
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