1.CC.10

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
C : Metalloids and Nonmetals
C : Sulfur-selenium-iodine

Dana 7th edition ID:

1.3.3.1

Dana 8th edition ID:

1.3.4.1

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
3 : Semi-metals and non-metals

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.53

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

mindat.org URL:

http://www.mindat.org/min-3611.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Physical Properties of Selenium

Lustre:

Metallic

Diaphaneity (Transparency):

Opaque

Colour:

Gray to grayish black, reddish gray, red

Streak:

red

Hardness (Mohs):

Tenacity:

Flexible

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Good on {0112}

Density (measured):

4.8 g/cm³

Density (calculated):

4.809 g/cm³

Crystallography of Selenium

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3 2 - Trapezohedral

Space Group:

P3₁ 2 1

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.3662Å, c = 4.9536Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.135

Unit Cell Volume:

V 81.78 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal Atlas:

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Selenium - {100}, {101}

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The mindat.org Crystal Atlas allows you to view a selection of crystal drawings of real and idealised crystal forms for this mineral and, in certain cases, 3d rotating crystal objects. You need Java to see these. You can download Java for free - click here to download Java

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction:

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Selenium

Type:

Uniaxial (+)

RI values:

n_ω = 3.000 n_ε = 4.040

Maximum Birefringence:

δ = 1.040

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Very High

Type:

Anisotropic

Anisotropism:

Very strong

Colour in reflected light:

white in air, darker white to grayish brown in oil red in transmitted light

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

Cream-white to brown

Chemical Properties of Selenium

Formula:

Essential elements:

All elements listed in formula:

Common Impurities:

Relationship of Selenium to other Species

1.CC.05

1.CC.05

1.CC.10

1.1

1.2

1.5

1.6

1.7

AuCu

1.8

Zinc

1.9

Cadmium

1.10

Danbaite

CuZn

1.11

Zhanghengite

CuZn

1.12

1.13

1.14

1.15

1.16

1.1

0.9

1.17

Paraschachnerite

1.18

Luanheite

1.19

Weishanite

(Au,Ag)

1.20

Indium

1.21

Aluminium

1.22

Khatyrkite

(Cu,Zn)Al

1.23

Cupalite

(Cu,Zn)Al

1.24

1.25

1.26

1.27

1.28

1.29

1.30

1.31

Au(Pb,Sb)

1.31

Novodneprite

AuPb

1.32

Leadamalgam

0.7

0.3

1.33

Arsenic

1.34

Arsenolamprite

1.35

Paxite

CuAs

1.36

Koutekite

1.37

Domeykite

1.38

Algodonite

(Cu

1-x

)

1.39

Novakite

AgAs

1.40

Kutinaite

AgAs

1.41

Antimony

1.42

Stibarsen

AsSb

1.43

Paradocrasite

1.44

Horsfordite

Cu, Sb

1.45

Cuprostibite

(Sb,Tl)

1.46

Allargentum

(Ag

1-x

)

1.47

Aurostibite

AuSb

1.48

1.49

1.50

1.51

1.52

1.54

1.55

1.56

1.57

1.58

1-x

(x=0.6)

1.59

Ferchromide

1.5

0.5-x

1.60

Wairauite

CoFe

1.61

Nickel

1.62

Kamacite

(Fe,Ni)

1.63

Taenite

(Fe,Ni)

1.64

Tetrataenite

FeNi

1.65

Awaruite

1.66

Palladium

(Pd,Pt)

1.67

Potarite

PdHg

1.68

Paolovite

1.69

Stannopalladinite

(Pd,Cu)

1.70

Cabriite

CuSn

1.71

Taimyrite-I

(Pd,Cu,Pt)

1.72

Atokite

(Pd,Pt)

1.73

Rustenburgite

(Pt,Pd)

1.74

Zvyagintsevite

(Pd,Pt,Au)

(Pb,Sn)

1.75

Plumbopalladinite

1.76

Osmium

(Os,Ir,Ru)

1.77

Iridium

(Ir,Os,Ru)

1.82

Platinum

1.83

Hongshiite

PtCu

1.84

Niggliite

PtSn

1.85

Isoferroplatinum

1.86

Tetraferroplatinum

PtFe

1.87

Tulameenite

CuFe

1.88

Ferronickelplatinum

FeNi

1.89

Rhodium

(Rh,Pt)

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +

1.3.3.1

Paradocrasite

1.3.3.2

Hunchunite

1.3.3.2

Tellurium

Other Names for Selenium

Synonyms:

Native Selenium

Other Languages:

Afrikaans:	Selenium
Arabic:	سيلينيوم
Armenian:	Սելեն
Azeri:	Selen
Basque:	Selenio
Belarusian:	Селен
Bengali:	সেলেনিয়াম
Bosnian (Latin Script):	Selen
Bulgarian:	Селен
Catalan:	Seleni
Corsican:	Seleniu
Croatian:	Selenij
Czech:	Selen
Danish:	Selen
Dutch:	Seleen
Esperanto:	Seleno
Estonian:	Seleen
Finnish:	Seleeni
French:	Sélénium
Friulian:	Seleni
Galician:	Selenio
German:	Selen Gediegen Selen
Greek:	Σελήνιο
Haitian:	Selenyòm
Hebrew:	סלניום
Hindi:	सेलेनियम
Hungarian:	Szelén
Icelandic:	Selen
Ido:	Selenio
Indonesian:	Selenium
Irish Gaelic:	Seiléiniam
Italian:	Selenio
Japanese:	自然セレン
Javanese:	Selenium
Kannada:	ಸೆಲೆನಿಯಮ್
Korean:	셀레늄
Latin:	Selenium

Latvian:	Selēns
Lithuanian:	Selenas
Lojban:	lurcmu
Low Saxon:	Selen
Luxembourgish:	Selen
Macedonian:	Селен
Malayalam:	സെലീനിയം
Manx:	Shellainium
Marathi:	सेलेनियम
Norwegian (Bokmål):	Selen
Norwegian (Nynorsk):	Selen
Occitan:	Selèni
Persian:	سلنیوم
Polish:	Selen
Portuguese:	Selênio
Quechua:	Silinyu
Romanian:	Seleniu
Russian:	Селен
Serbian (Cyrillic Script):	Селен
Serbo-Croatian:	Selen
Sicilian:	Sileniu
Simplified Chinese:	自然硒硒
Slovak:	Selén
Slovenian:	Selen
Spanish:	Selenio
Swahili:	Seleni
Swedish:	Selen
Tamil:	செலீனியம்
Thai:	ซีลีเนียม
Turkish:	Selenyum
Ukrainian:	Селен
Uzbek (Latin Script):	Selen
Vietnamese:	Selen
Welsh:	Seleniwm

Other Information

Health Warning:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Selenium

Reference List:

- +

Palache, Charles (1934), Contributions to crystallography; claudetite, minasragrite, samsonite, native selenium, indium: American Mineralogist: 19: 194-205; …(abstract): American Mineralogist (1934): 19: 128.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 136-137.

Acta Crystallographica (1953): 71.

Internet Links for Selenium

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Selenium details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)

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Localities for Selenium

The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

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(TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.


Argentina
Catamarca Tinogasta Department Vil Achay mine	FOGLIATA, Ana S. y AVILA, Julio C.. El yacimiento de estaño Vil Achay, Catamarca. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2004, vol.59, n.1, pp. 83-90.
La Rioja Sañogasta District La Piedra Pintada	M.K. de Brodtkorb (ed.) (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina, (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
Santa Brígida Mine	Minerales de la Republica Argentina, E. O. Zappettini Ed., Buenos Aires 1999 ISSN 0328-2325
Vinchina Department Los Llantenes district	Recursos Minerales de la Republica Argentina, E. O. Zappettini Ed., Buenos Aires 1999 ISSN 0328-2325

Australia
New South Wales Clive Co. Sandy Flat Snapes lode (Red Soil Creek prospect; The Silver Mine)	Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-6, SH/56-7), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
Gough Co. Deepwater Bow Creek Mine	Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-6, SH/56-7), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
Emmaville (Vegetable Creek) de Milhou's lode (de Milhou's reef; Emerald mine)	Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-6, SH/56-7), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
Western Australia Menzies Shire Menangina Station Carr Boyd Rocks Ni mine (Carr Boyd Ni mine)	Eardleyite as a Product of the Supergene Alteration of Nickel Sulphides in Western Australia; E Nickel, C Davis, M Bussell, P Bridge, J Dunn, R Macdonald; American Mineralogist; Vol 62, pp449-457, 1977.

Belgium
Hainaut Province (Henegouwen; Hennegau) Charleroi Fleurus Soleimont (Soleilmont) Gilly North Colliery	Chris Stefano collection

Bolivia
Potosí Department Antonio Quijarro Province El Dragón mine	[MinRec 21:133]
Chayanta Province Pakajake Canyon (Pacajake Canyon) Virgen de Surumi mine (Pacajake mine; Pakajake mine)	[MinRec 32:476]; Amer.Min.(1969) 54, 1519-1527

Canada
Manitoba Snow Lake District Osborne Lake Mine	Phillips, K. A. (1979) Minerals of Manitoba: Volume II: Metallic minerals. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/2.
Ontario Algoma District Montreal River harbor Ranwick Mine	J. A. Mandarino (1965): Molybdomenite from the Ranwick uranium mine, Montreal River area, Ontario. Can. Mineral. 8, 149-158.
Nipissing District Dickens Township Davis Mica Mine	T. S. Ercit (1994) The geochemistry and crystal chemistry of columbite-group minerals from granitic pegmatites, southwestern Grenville Province, Canadian Shield. The Canadian Mineralogist 32:421-438
Sudbury District Whistle Mine (Podolsky Mine)	R. G. Arnold and O. P. Malik (1974) Violarite in some nickel ores from Lynn Lake and Thompson, Manitoba, and Sudbury, Ontario, Canada Can Mineral, 12:320-326
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Abitibi RCM Amos Jay mine (Amos mine)	Sabina, A.P. (2003) Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 128 p.
Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine La Côte-de-Gaspé RCM Murdochville Gaspé Copper mine (Gaspé mine; Copper Mountain mine; Needle Mountain mine)	Allcock, J.B.(1982) Skarn and porphyry copper mineralization at Mines Gaspé, Murdochville, Quebec. Economic Geology, vol.77, 971-999.
Saskatchewan Cluff Lake Uranium Mine	Econ Geol (1987)82:1169-1176
Yukon Territory Dawson Mining District Tombstone Mts	Olade, M.A., Goodfellow, W.D. (1979). Lithogeochemistry and hydrogeochemistry of uranium and associated elements in the Tombstone Batholith, Yukon, Canada. In Geochemical Exploration 1978, Proceedings of the Seventh International Geochemical Exploration Symposium, J.R. Watterson, P.K. Theobald (ed.), Association of Exploration Geochemists, p. 407-428.

China
Hubei Province Enshi (E'xi) Autonomous Prefecture Enshi Co. Yutangba Se deposit	Zhu Jian-Ming, Zheng Bao-Shan, Su Hong-Can, Li She-Hong, Mao Da-Jun, Lei Ping, and Finkelman, R.B. (2001): Geochimica 30(3), 236-241; Handong Qian, Zhenghua Zhao, Xiang Zheng, Chengyi Lin, Jiahu Zeng, Xuemei Wu, and Wu Chen (2006): Acta Geologica Sinica 80(11), 1706-1710

Czech Republic
Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen) Central Bohemia Region Kladno	Zacek, V., Oplustil, S., Mayova, A. & Meyer, F. R. (1995): Die Mineralien von Kladno in Mittelböhmen, Tschechische Republik. Mineralien-Welt 6 (1), 13-30 (in German).
Libušin Kladno Mine (Nejedlý I Mine; Zdeněk Nejedlý Mine; Schoeller Mine; Schöller Mine)	Hyrsl J., Korbel P.; Tschechien & Slowakei, Mineralien und Fundstellen. Bode Verlag, 2008. Page 268-273
Hradec Králové Region Trutnov (Trautenau) Radvanice Kateřina Coal Mine	Žáček, V., Ondruš, P.: Mineralogy of recently formed sublimates from Kateřina colliery in Radvanice, Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Bulletin of the Czech geological survey, 1998, vol. 73, no. 2, s. 289-302.
Moravia (Mähren; Maehren) Olomouc Region Javorník (Jauernig) Zálesí (Zalesie)	Sejkora J., Škoda R., Pauliš P. 2006: Selenium mineralization of the uranium deposit Zálesí, Rychlebské Hory Mts., Czech Republic. Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 196-198; Sejkora, J., Pauliš, P., Škoda, R.: Uranové ložisko Zálesí v Rychlebských horách. Minerál, 2007, roč. 15, č. 4, s. 305-238.

Finland
Northern Finland Region Kuusamo	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484

France
Aquitaine Lot-et-Garonne Coutras deposit	Econ Geol (1989) 84:1541-1556
Auvergne Puy-de-Dôme Saint-Amant-Tallende Olloix Liauzun	H. Agrinier and J. Geffroy : "Les Minéraux Séléniés du Point Uranifère de Liauzun-en-Olloix (Puy de Dôme) : Clausthalite, Sélénium Natif, Sélénite de Plomb et Chalcoménite", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., 1967, XC, N°3, 383-386
Brittany Côtes-d'Armor Guingamp Bégard	Schillinger N, Schillinger F., Lechenne G. (2001), Galène et améthyste de Bégard, Massif de Plouaret (Côtes d'Armor), Le Règne Minéral, n°42, pp: 10-15
Morbihan Le Faouët Berné Le Bonot	R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980.
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Hautes-Alpes Saint-Véran Les Clausis mine	TUDURI Johan (2001) Minéralisations cuprifères syn-orogéniques dans les schistes lustrés des Alpes occidentales. Exemple de la mine de cuivre des Clausis (Saint-Véran, France)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Black Forest Menzenschwand Krunkelbach Valley Uranium deposit	Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
Wolfach Oberwolfach Rankach valley Clara Mine	Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German); WALENTA, K. (1993): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara (5. Folge). - Lapis 18 (1), 16-23; Gröbner, J., Kolitsch, U. und Bayerl, R. (2005): Interessante Uranmineralien im Stinkspat der Grube Clara. Lapis 30 (10), 34-39; 90; Gröbner, J., Bayerl, R. und Kolitsch, U. (2006): Weitere Beobachtungen zu den Uran- und Vanadium-Paragenesen der Grube Clara aus den Jahren 2002, 2004 und 2005. Erzgräber 20, 1-10
Bavaria Upper Palatinate Schwandorf Wölsendorf Fluorite mining District Wölsendorf East District (Wölsendorf - Nabburg District)	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Lower Saxony Harz Clausthal-Zellerfeld Lerbach Weintraube Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
Lautenthal Trogtal Quarries	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
North Rhine-Westphalia Aachen Alsdorf Anna Mine	Blaß, G. and Strehler, H. (1993): Mineralbildungen in einer durch Selbstentzündung brennenden Bergehalde des Aachener Steinkohlenreviers. Mineralien-Welt 4 (4), 35-42. (in German)
Saxony-Anhalt Harz Tilkerode (Abberode)	Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
Saxony Dresden Freital Carola Mine (Königin Carola Mine; Paul Berndt Mine)	Thalheim, K.; Reichel, W. & Witzke, T. (1991): Die Minerale des Döhlener Beckens.- Schriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden, Nr. 3
Thuringia Gera Ronneburg U deposit Lichtenberg Absetzer Mine (dump)	T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
Lichtenberg open cast	T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64

Italy
Campania Naples Province Somma-Vesuvius Complex Mt Vesuvius	Russo, M., 2006: I minerali di formazione fumarolica della grande eruzione vesuviana del 1906
Liguria Genova Province Ne Graveglia Valley	[MinRec 32:360]
Reppia Valgraveglia Mine (Gambatesa Mine)	Redazione (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia Ferrania Club, 19, 3-5.
Sicily Catania Province Etna Volcanic Complex Mt Etna	Mariani & Scaini, 1978. I minerali d'Italia. Rizzoli Ed., Milano.
Messina Province Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari Stromboli Island	Mariani & Scaini, 1978. I minerali d'Italia. Rizzoli Ed., Milano.
Vulcano Island La Fossa crater	QUERCIGH E. (1935): Sul solfoselenio di Vulcano (Isole Eolie). - Rendiconti dell' Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche di Napoli - 32, 3-7.

Kazakhstan
Almaty Province (Almaty Oblysy; Almati Oblast') Middle Ili River Dzharkenskaya Depression Karamurun Se-U deposit	Pavel M. Kartashov data

Mexico
Sonora Mun. de Moctezuma Moctezuma Moctezuma Mine (Bambolla Mine)	Panczner(1987):108-401.

Nicaragua
León Department Cerro Negro volcano	Gunnar Farber specimens, 2007

Poland
Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie) Kłodzko District Kletno	Banaś M., Ottemann J. 1971: Supplementary data on bohdanowiczite, a natural silver-bismuth selenide. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 2, 37-44; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Opolskie Nysa District Głuchołazy commune Sławniowice	Szełęg, E. (2002) Na-meionite (scapolite group) from pegmatite vein of the Sławniowice (Eastern Sudetes, Poland). Miner. Polon., Vol. 33, No 1

Russia
Eastern-Siberian Region Tuva Republic Turan District Ust' Uyok (Ust'-Uyuk) deposit	http://maurice.strahlen.org/tuva/tuva.htm; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Far-Eastern region Sakhalinskaya Oblast' Kuril Islands Kunashir Island Prasolovskoe Au deposit	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Urals Region Southern Urals Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic Uchaly Zapadno-Ozernoye Cu deposit	Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Spiro, B., and Yakovleva, V.A. (2003): Mineralogical Magazine 67(2), 339-354; Yakovleva, V.A., Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A. (2003): Mineralogical Magazine 67(2), 355-361; Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Yakovleva, V.A., and Spiro, B. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 239-254

Tajikistan
Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad) Zeravshan Range Yagnob River Kukhi-Malik (Kuhi-malik) area	D.I.Belakovskiy data
Ravat Village (site of)	Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Belakovski D.I.. Die Mineralien der brennenden Kohlefloze von Ravat in Tadshikistan, Lapis, 1990, N 12 p.21-26. (in German)

USA
Arizona Yavapai Co. Black Hills (Black Hill Range) Verde District Jerome United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 366; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 12; Palache, C. (1934), Contributions to crystallography: Claudetite, minasragite, samsonite, native selenium, iridium, Am.Min.: 19: 194-205; Korbel & Novak, 1999. Minerals Encyclopaedia, p.17.
California Inyo Co. Darwin District	www.mineralsocal.org
Darwin Darwin Mine (1)	No reference listed
Defiance Mine	MinRec 18:148
Colorado Garfield Co. East Rifle Creek area Garfield Mine	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
Rifle Mine (Oriole Claims; Rifle Creek Mine; North Star Claims)	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
Gunnison Co. Vulcan District (Cebolla District; Domingo District) Good Hope Mine	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
Lake Co. Leadville District Leadville	MinRec 16:171-201
Moffat Co. Maybell District Maybell Mines Marge Group	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
Montrose Co. Uravan District Bull Canyon Peanut Mine	Korbel & Novak, 1999. Minerals Encyclopaedia, p.17.; American Mineralogist (1956) Vol. 41, pp. 156-157
Paradox Valley J J Mine	USGS Prof Paper 320
Virgin No. 3 Mine	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Ouray Co. Mt. Sneffels Wheel of Fortune	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
San Juan Co. Elk Park Clyde Long property (Surprise Claims; Elk Park Mine; Exxon lease; Centennial Claims)	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
San Miguel Co. Slick Rock District Cougar Mine (Cougar Ventures C-SR-15)	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Little Muriel Mine	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
Sundown Claims	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels; Am Min (1958) 43:16-24
Idaho Caribou Co. Soda Springs South Rasmussen Ridge Phosphate Mine	Kampf, A. R., Nash,P., and Loomis, T.A. (2013): Phosphovanadylite-Ca, Ca[V#4#+^4P^2O^8(OH)^8.12H^2O, the Ca analogue of phosphovanadylite-Ba. American Mineralogist 98,439-443.
Nevada Churchill Co. Lake District Green prospect	Doug Merson collection
Elko Co. Bootstrap District Dee Mine (Boulder Creek Mine)	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Tuscarora District Navajo mine	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Eureka Co. Lynn District Elko Carlin Gold mine	MinRecord 26:467
Maggie Creek District Gold Quarry Mine (Maggie claims)	MinRec 26(5):449-469.
Humboldt Co. National District Buckskin Mountain	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Potosi District Redhouse Barite Mine	Howard, D and D. Thomssen (2000) Occurrences of Native Selenium in Nevada; USA Micro Probe, newsletter of the NorthWest MicroMineral Study Group, Spring 2000, Volume 1X, Number 1, pgs 15-17.
Sulfur District Crofoot-Lewis mine (Hycroft mine)	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Nye Co. Danville District Unnamed prospect	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Tonopah District West End mine	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Pershing Co. Humboldt Range Willard District Willard Mine	[MinRec 32:297]; Howard, D and D. Thomssen (2000) Occurrences of Native Selenium in Nevada; USA Micro Probe, newsletter of the NorthWest MicroMineral Study Group, Spring 2000, Volume 1X, Number 1, pgs 15-17.
New Mexico McKinley Co. Gallup District Church Rock area Church Rock No. 1 deposit	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Grants District	Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
Ambrosia Lake area Ann Lee Mine (Ann Lee Mine No. 1)	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Cliffside mine	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Doris No. 1 mine	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Dysart No. 1 deposit (Rio de Oro deposit)	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Homestake Mine
Isabella mine	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Marquez deposit	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Sandstone mine	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Section 15 mine	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Section 22 deposit	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Section 23 deposit	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Section 30 (Kermac) deposit	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Poison Canyon area Poison Canyon Mine	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Smith Lake area Black Jack No. 1 mine	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
Mariano Lake deposit	Econ Geol (1985) 80:1348-1364
Ruby No. 1 deposit	Econ Geol (1985) 80:1348-1364
Sandoval Co. Placitas District	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
We Hope claim	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
Pennsylvania Luzerne Co. Glen Lyon	Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Mins. New to the Pa List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Soc. of PA, Inc.: 72; Barnes, J. H. & Lapham, D. M. (1972), "Selenium, Pa's Rarest Mineral?," PA Geol., Vol. 3(2):8-9; Finkelman, R. B., et al (1974), "Observations on Mins. from Burning Anthracite Seams & Culm in PA," Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts w. Programs, Vol. 5(1): 27-28; Downey, W. F., Jr. (1974); "Geological Conditions in Burning Anthracite-NE PA," Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts w. Programs, Vol 5(1): 19-20;
Northumberland Co. Burnside
Schuylkill Co. Forestville	American Mineralogist (1977): 62: 316-320.
South Dakota Fall River Co. Edgemont Uranium District Craven Canyon Road Hog Mine (Nos. 1A and 3A Mines)	SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"; American Mineralogist (1956) Vol. 41, pp. 156-157
Texas Karnes Co. Karnes Uranium District	Smith, A.E. (1991), Texas Mineral Locations Index, Rocks & Min.: 66(3).
Live Oak Co. Ray Point District	R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
Utah Grand Co. Thompsons District (S. E. Thomsons) Parco Mine Group Parco No. 23 Mine	UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; Am Min 49:1511-1526; Am Min (1964) 49:1511-1526; American Mineralogist (1956) Vol. 41, pp. 156-157
San Juan Co. Blanding Repete Mine	Rocks & Minerals: 68(6): 398-400.
La Sal District (Paradox Valley District) La Sal Creek Canyon Vanadium Queen Mine	UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
La Sal Quadrangle Firefly–Pigmay Mine	Can. Min. (2001) 39, 6, 1691-1700
Virginia Fauquier Co. Gold-Pyrite Belt Midland Franklin Mine (Deep Run Mine) ?	Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
Fluvanna Co. Gold-Pyrite Belt Tellurium Mine (Fisher Mine; Hughes Mine; Red Mine)	Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
Wyoming Campbell Co. Pumpkin Buttes District Pat No. 1 Occurrence	Page, L. R.; Stocking, H. E.; Smith, H. B. (1956) Contributions to the geology of uranium and thorium by the United States Geological Survey and Atomic Energy Commission for the United Nations International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland, 1955. USGS Professional Paper 300 pp361-370.
Carbon Co. Shirley Basin District	Harshman, E. N. (1972) Geology and uranium deposits, Shirley Basin area, Wyoming. USGS Prof Paper 745
Fremont Co. Gas Hills District Lucky MC mine (Lucky Mac)	Page, L. R.; Stocking, H. E.; Smith, H. B. (1956) Contributions to the geology of uranium and thorium by the United States Geological Survey and Atomic Energy Commission for the United Nations International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland, 1955. USGS Professional Paper 300 pp361-370.

Uzbekistan
Kyzylkum Desert Central Kyzylkum Region Lyavlyakan-Beshkak ore field Beshkak U deposit	Solodov, I.N., Nesterova, M.V., Shugina, G.A., Ganina, N.I., Shulik, L.S., and Solodov, D.I. (2001): Lithology and Mineral Resources 36(1), 43-62.

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