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Selenium

Big Photo

Anna Mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
© Elmar Lackner

Show Selenium Photos (32)
Formula:
Se
System:TrigonalColour:Gray to grayish black, ...
Lustre:MetallicHardness:2
Name:From the Greek "selene," the moon, in allusion to tellurium.


Selenium Group.

Classification of Selenium

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:1/B.03-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:1.CC.10

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
C : Metalloids and Nonmetals
C : Sulfur-selenium-iodine
Dana 7th edition ID:1.3.3.1
Dana 8th edition ID:1.3.4.1

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
3 : Semi-metals and non-metals
Hey's CIM Ref.:1.53

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-3611.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Physical Properties of Selenium

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Gray to grayish black, reddish gray, red
Streak:red
Hardness (Mohs):2
Tenacity:Flexible
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Good on {0112}
Density (measured):4.8 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.809 g/cm3

Crystallography of Selenium

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:P31 2 1
Cell Parameters:a = 4.3662Å, c = 4.9536Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.135
Unit Cell Volume:V 81.78 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Crystal Atlas:
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Selenium - {100}, {101}

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Selenium

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 3.000 nε = 4.040
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 1.040

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Very strong
Colour in reflected light:white in air, darker white to grayish brown in oil red in transmitted light
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:Cream-white to brown

Chemical Properties of Selenium

Formula:
Se
Essential elements:Se
All elements listed in formula:Se
Common Impurities:S

Relationship of Selenium to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
1.CC.05Rosickýite
S
1.CC.05Sulphur
S
 
8
1.CC.10Tellurium
Te
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
1.1Copper
Cu
1.2Silver
Ag
1.5Gold
Au
1.6Auricupride
Cu
 
3
Au
1.7Tetra-auricupride
AuCu
1.8Zinc
Zn
1.9Cadmium
Cd
1.10Danbaite
CuZn
 
2
1.11Zhanghengite
CuZn
1.12Mercury
Hg
1.13Kolymite
Cu
 
7
Hg
 
6
1.14Moschellandsbergite
Ag
 
2
Hg
 
3
1.15Eugenite
Ag
 
11
Hg
 
2
1.16Schachnerite
Ag
 
1.1
Hg
 
0.9
1.17Paraschachnerite
Ag
 
3
Hg
 
2
1.18Luanheite
Ag
 
3
Hg
1.19Weishanite
(Au,Ag)
 
3
Hg
 
2
1.20Indium
In
1.21Aluminium
Al
1.22Khatyrkite
(Cu,Zn)Al
 
2
1.23Cupalite
(Cu,Zn)Al
1.24Diamond
C
1.25Graphite
C
1.26Chaoite
C
1.27Lonsdaleite
C
1.28Silicon
Si
1.29Tin
Sn
1.30Lead
Pb
1.31Anyuiite
Au(Pb,Sb)
 
2
1.31Novodneprite
AuPb
 
3
1.32Leadamalgam
HgPb
 
2
1.33Arsenic
As
1.34Arsenolamprite
As
1.35Paxite
CuAs
 
2
1.36Koutekite
Cu
 
5
As
 
2
1.37Domeykite
Cu
 
3
As
1.38Algodonite
(Cu
 
1-x
As
 
x
)
1.39Novakite
Cu
 
20
AgAs
 
10
1.40Kutinaite
Cu
 
2
AgAs
1.41Antimony
Sb
1.42Stibarsen
AsSb
1.43Paradocrasite
Sb
 
3
As
1.44Horsfordite
1.45Cuprostibite
Cu
 
2
(Sb,Tl)
1.46Allargentum
(Ag
 
1-x
Sb
 
x
)
1.47Aurostibite
AuSb
 
2
1.48Dyscrasite
Ag
 
3
Sb
1.49Bismuth
Bi
1.50Maldonite
Au
 
2
Bi
1.51Sulphur
S
 
8
1.52Rosickýite
S
1.54Tellurium
Te
1.55Chromium
Cr
1.56Rhenium
Re
1.57Iron
Fe
1.58Chromferide
Fe
 
3
Cr
 
1-x
 (x=0.6)
1.59Ferchromide
Cr
 
1.5
Fe
 
0.5-x
1.60Wairauite
CoFe
1.61Nickel
Ni
1.62Kamacite
(Fe,Ni)
1.63Taenite
(Fe,Ni)
1.64Tetrataenite
FeNi
1.65Awaruite
Ni
 
3
Fe
1.66Palladium
(Pd,Pt)
1.67Potarite
PdHg
1.68Paolovite
Pd
 
2
Sn
1.69Stannopalladinite
(Pd,Cu)
 
3
Sn
 
2
1.70Cabriite
Pd
 
2
SnCu
1.71Taimyrite
(Pd,Cu,Pt)
 
3
Sn
1.72Atokite
(Pd,Pt)
 
3
Sn
1.73Rustenburgite
(Pt,Pd)
 
3
Sn
1.74Zvyagintsevite
(Pd,Pt,Au)
 
3
(Pb,Sn)
1.75Plumbopalladinite
Pd
 
3
Pb
 
2
1.76Osmium
(Os,Ir,Ru)
1.77Iridium
(Ir,Os,Ru)
1.82Platinum
Pt
1.83Hongshiite
PtCu
1.84Niggliite
PtSn
1.85Isoferroplatinum
Pt
 
3
Fe
1.86Tetraferroplatinum
PtFe
1.87Tulameenite
Pt
 
2
CuFe
1.88Ferronickelplatinum
Pt
 
2
FeNi
1.89Rhodium
(Rh,Pt)
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
1.3.3.1Paradocrasite
Sb
 
3
As
1.3.3.2Hunchunite
Au
 
2
Pb
1.3.3.2Tellurium
Te

Other Names for Selenium

Synonyms:
Other Languages:
Afrikaans:Selenium
Arabic:سيلينيوم
Armenian:Սելեն
Azeri:Selen
Basque:Selenio
Belarusian:Селен
Bengali:সেলেনিয়াম
Bosnian (Latin Script):Selen
Bulgarian:Селен
Catalan:Seleni
Corsican:Seleniu
Croatian:Selenij
Czech:Selen
Danish:Selen
Dutch:Seleen
Esperanto:Seleno
Estonian:Seleen
Finnish:Seleeni
French:Sélénium
Friulian:Seleni
Galician:Selenio
German:Selen
Gediegen Selen
Greek:Σελήνιο
Haitian:Selenyòm
Hebrew:סלניום
Hindi:सेलेनियम
Hungarian:Szelén
Icelandic:Selen
Ido:Selenio
Indonesian:Selenium
Irish Gaelic:Seiléiniam
Italian:Selenio
Japanese:セレン
Javanese:Selenium
Kannada:ಸೆಲೆನಿಯಮ್
Korean:셀레늄
Latin:Selenium
Latvian:Selēns
Lithuanian:Selenas
Lojban:lurcmu
Low Saxon:Selen
Luxembourgish:Selen
Macedonian:Селен
Malayalam:സെലീനിയം
Manx:Shellainium
Marathi:सेलेनियम
Norwegian (Bokmål):Selen
Norwegian (Nynorsk):Selen
Occitan:Selèni
Persian:سلنیوم
Polish:Selen
Portuguese:Selênio
Quechua:Silinyu
Romanian:Seleniu
Russian:Селен
Serbian (Cyrillic Script):Селен
Serbo-Croatian:Selen
Sicilian:Sileniu
Simplified Chinese:硒
Slovak:Selén
Slovenian:Selen
Spanish:Selenio
Swahili:Seleni
Swedish:Selen
Tamil:செலீனியம்
Thai:ซีลีเนียม
Turkish:Selenyum
Ukrainian:Селен
Uzbek (Latin Script):Selen
Vietnamese:Selen
Welsh:Seleniwm

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Selenium

Reference List:Palache, Charles (1934), Contributions to crystallography; claudetite, minasragrite, samsonite, native selenium, indium: American Mineralogist: 19: 194-205; …(abstract): American Mineralogist (1934): 19: 128.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 136-137.

Acta Crystallographica (1953): 71.

Internet Links for Selenium

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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    Localities for Selenium

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • La Rioja
    		Recursos Minerales de la Republica Argentina, E. O. Zappettini Ed., Buenos Aires 1999 ISSN 0328-2325
      • Sañogasta District
    		M.K. de Brodtkorb (ed.) (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina, (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Minerales de la Republica Argentina, E. O. Zappettini Ed., Buenos Aires 1999 ISSN 0328-2325
    Belgium
     
    • Hainaut (Henegouwen; Hennegau) Province
      • Charleroi
        • Fleurus
          • Soleimont (Soleilmont)
    		Chris Stefano collection
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Antonio Quijarro Province
    		[MinRec 21:133]
      • Chayanta Province
        • Pakajake Canyon (Pacajake Canyon)
    		[MinRec 32:476]; Amer.Min.(1969) 54, 1519-1527
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Algoma District
        • Montreal River harbor
    • Québec
      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
        • Abitibi RCM
          • Amos
    		Sabina, A.P. (2003) Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d\'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 128 p.
    • Saskatchewan
    		Econ Geol (1987)82:1169-1176
    China
     
    • Hubei Province
      • Enshi (E'xi) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Enshi Co.
          • Shuanghe
    		Zhu Jian-Ming, Zheng Bao-Shan, Su Hong-Can, Li She-Hong, Mao Da-Jun, Lei Ping, and Finkelman, R.B. (2001): Geochimica 30(3), 236-241.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kladno
          • Libušin
    		No reference listed
      • Hradec Králové Region
        • Trutnov (Trautenau)
          • Radvanice
    		Žáček, V., Ondruš, P.: Mineralogy of recently formed sublimates from Kateřina colliery in Radvanice, Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Bulletin of the Czech geological survey, 1998, vol. 73, no. 2, s. 289-302.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Javorník
    		Sejkora J., Škoda R., Pauliš P. 2006: Selenium mineralization of the uranium deposit Zálesí, Rychlebské Hory Mts., Czech Republic. Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 196-198; Sejkora, J., Pauliš, P., Škoda, R.: Uranové ložisko Zálesí v Rychlebských horách. Minerál, 2007, roč. 15, č. 4, s. 305-238.
    Finland
     
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
    France
     
    • Aquitaine
      • Lot-et-Garonne
    		Econ Geol (1989) 84:1541-1556
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Saint-Amant-Tallende
          • Olloix
    		H. Agrinier and J. Geffroy : "Les Minéraux Séléniés du Point Uranifère de Liauzun-en-Olloix (Puy de Dôme) : Clausthalite, Sélénium Natif, Sélénite de Plomb et Chalcoménite", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., 1967, XC, N°3, 383-386
    • Brittany
      • Côtes-d'Armor
        • Guingamp
    		Schillinger N, Schillinger F., Lechenne G. (2001), Galène et améthyste de Bégard, Massif de Plouaret (Côtes d'Armor), Le Règne Minéral, n°42, pp: 10-15
      • Morbihan
        • Le Faouët
          • Berné
    		R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Menzenschwand
    		Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German); WALENTA, K. (1993): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara (5. Folge). - Lapis 18 (1), 16-23; Gröbner, J., Kolitsch, U. und Bayerl, R. (2005): Interessante Uranmineralien im Stinkspat der Grube Clara. Lapis 30 (10), 34-39; 90; Gröbner, J., Bayerl, R. und Kolitsch, U. (2006): Weitere Beobachtungen zu den Uran- und Vanadium-Paragenesen der Grube Clara aus den Jahren 2002, 2004 und 2005. Erzgräber 20, 1-10
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Schwandorf
          • Wölsendorf Fluorite mining District
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Lerbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Lautenthal
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Alsdorf
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz Mts
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Dresden
        • Freital
    		Thalheim, K.; Reichel, W. & Witzke, T. (1991): Die Minerale des Döhlener Beckens.- Schriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden, Nr. 3
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Russo, M., 2006: I minerali di formazione fumarolica della grande eruzione vesuviana del 1906
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
    		[MinRec 32:360]
            • Reppia
    		Redazione (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia Ferrania Club, 19, 3-5.
    • Sicily
      • Catania Province
        • Etna Volcanic Complex
    		Mariani & Scaini, 1978. I minerali d'Italia. Rizzoli Ed., Milano.
      • Messina Province
        • Lipari
          • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
    		Mariani & Scaini, 1978. I minerali d'Italia. Rizzoli Ed., Milano.
            • Vulcano Island
    		QUERCIGH E. (1935): Sul solfoselenio di Vulcano (Isole Eolie). - Rendiconti dell' Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche di Napoli - 32, 3-7.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Taldyqorghan Oblysy (Taldy-Kurgan [Taldykorgon] Oblast')
      • Middle Ili River
        • Dzharkenskaya Depression
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Mexico
     
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Moctezuma
        • Moctezuma
    		Panczner(1987):108-401.
    Nicaragua
     
    • León Department
    		Gunnar Farber specimens, 2007
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Kłodzko District
    		Banaś M., Ottemann J. 1971: Supplementary data on bohdanowiczite, a natural silver-bismuth selenide. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 2, 37-44; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Tuva Republic
        • Turan District
    		http://maurice.strahlen.org/tuva/tuva.htm; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Far-Eastern region
      • Sakhalinskaya Oblast'
        • Kuril Islands
          • Kunashir Island
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
          • Uchaly
    		Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Yakovleva, V.A., and Spiro, B. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 239-254.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd)
      • joint of Zeravshan and Gissar Range
        • Yagnob River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Belakovski D.I.. Die Mineralien der brennenden Kohlefloze von Ravat in Tadshikistan, Lapis, 1990, N 12 p.21-26. (in German)
    D.I.Belakovskiy data
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Black Hills (Black Hill Range)
          • Verde District
            • Jerome
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 366; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 12; Palache, C. (1934), Contributions to crystallography: Claudetite, minasragite, samsonite, native selenium, iridium, Am.Min.: 19: 194-205; Korbel & Novak, 1999. Minerals Encyclopaedia, p.17.
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    No reference listed
    MinRec 18:148
    • Colorado
      • Garfield Co.
        • East Rifle Creek area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Vulcan District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Lake Co.
        • Leadville District
    		MinRec 16:171-201
      • Moffat Co.
        • Maybell District
          • Maybell Mines
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Montrose Co.
        • Uravan District
          • Bull Canyon
    		Korbel & Novak, 1999. Minerals Encyclopaedia, p.17.
          • Paradox Valley
    		USGS Prof Paper 320
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Ouray Co.
        • Mt. Sneffels
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • San Juan Co.
        • Elk Park
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • San Miguel Co.
        • Slick Rock District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels; Am Min (1958) 43:16-24
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Lake District
    		Doug Merson collection
      • Elko Co.
        • Bootstrap District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Tuscarora District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
          • Elko
    		MinRecord 26:467
        • Maggie Creek District
    		MinRec 26(5):449-469.
      • Humboldt Co.
        • National District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Sulfur District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Danville District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Tonopah District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Willard District
    		[MinRec 39:297]
    • New Mexico
      • Cibola Co.
        • Grants District
          • Poison Canyon Area
    		NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
      • McKinley Co.
        • Gallup District
          • Church Rock area
    		NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
          • Ambrosia Lake area
    		NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
          • Smith Lake area
    		NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    Econ Geol (1985) 80:1348-1364
    Econ Geol (1985) 80:1348-1364
        • Laguna District
    		NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
      • Sandoval Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Luzerne Co.
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Mins. New to the Pa List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Soc. of PA, Inc.: 72; Barnes, J. H. & Lapham, D. M. (1972), "Selenium, Pa's Rarest Mineral?," PA Geol., Vol. 3(2):8-9; Finkelman, R. B., et al (1974), "Observations on Mins. from Burning Anthracite Seams & Culm in PA," Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts w. Programs, Vol. 5(1): 27-28; Downey, W. F., Jr. (1974); "Geological Conditions in Burning Anthracite-NE PA," Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts w. Programs, Vol 5(1): 19-20;
      • Northumberland Co.
      • Schuylkill Co.
    		American Mineralogist (1977): 62: 316-320.
    • South Dakota
      • Fall River Co.
        • Edgemont Uranium District
          • Craven Canyon
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Texas
      • Karnes Co.
    		Smith, A.E. (1991), Texas Mineral Locations Index, Rocks & Min.: 66(3).
      • Live Oak Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    • Utah
      • Grand Co.
        • Thompsons District (S. E. Thomsons)
          • Parco Mine Group
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; Am Min 49:1511-1526; Am Min (1964) 49:1511-1526
      • San Juan Co.
        • Blanding
    		Rocks & Minerals: 68(6): 398-400.
        • La Sal Quadrangle
    		Can. Min. (2001) 39, 6, 1691-1700
        • Paradox Valley
          • Paradox Valley District
            • La Sal Creek Canyon
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Fauquier Co.
        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
          • Midland
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Fluvanna Co.
        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Kyzylkum Desert
      • Central Kyzylkum Region
        • Lyavlyakan-Beshkak ore field
    		Solodov, I.N., Nesterova, M.V., Shugina, G.A., Ganina, N.I., Shulik, L.S., and Solodov, D.I. (2001): Lithology and Mineral Resources 36(1), 43-62.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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