Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Bannisterite

A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
00915910015806030989428.jpg
Bannisterite

Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
06597090017056206221377.jpg
Bannisterite, etc.

Zinc Corporation Mine, Southern operations mine, Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
01886240014967382712140.jpg
Bannisterite

Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
03881790014977570957424.jpg
Bannisterite

Zinc Corporation Mine, Southern operations mine, Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
04914820014957464842217.jpg
Bannisterite

Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
06597090017056206221377.jpg
Bannisterite, etc.

Zinc Corporation Mine, Southern operations mine, Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
01886240014967382712140.jpg
Bannisterite

Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
07084380014952046622141.jpg
Bannisterite

Zinc Corporation Mine, Southern operations mine, Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
03977300017075124478961.jpg
Bannisterite

Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
06597090017056206221377.jpg
Bannisterite, etc.

Zinc Corporation Mine, Southern operations mine, Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About BannisteriteHide

Formula:
(Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O
n ~ 5.5
Colour:
Dark brown
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
2.83 - 2.84
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by Marie Louise Lindberg Smith and Clifford Frondel in 1968 in honor of Dr. Frederick Allan Bannister (14th May 1901, St Marys, Peckham, Borough of Camberwell, London, England - 4th October 1971, Surrey Mid-Eastern Registration District), mineralogist and x-ray crystallographer, formerly Keeper of Minerals, British Museum (Natural History), London, England, UK 1952 - 1953.

(Originally identified as ganophyllite in 1936 by William Frederic).
Dark brown flat platy aggregates.

A Ba analogue is known: UM1989-30-SiO:AlBaCaFeHKMgMn.

Chemically similar to tamaite (Ca-dominant member of the ganophyllite group).
Structurally related to the Stilpnomelane Group.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
509
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:509:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
db6ecd16-f338-4b65-8b92-549b25bfe02c

IMA Classification of BannisteriteHide

IMA status:
Approved
Approval year:
1967

Classification of BannisteriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
9.EG.75

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
G : Double nets with 6-membered and larger rings
Dana 8th ed.:
74.1.1.4

74 : PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers
1 : Modulated Layers with joined islands
Hey's CIM Ref.:
16.16.15

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
BanIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
BanWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of BannisteriteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark brown
Streak:
Creamy white
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
Fracture:
Micaceous
Comment:
Cleavages are smooth without ruling, A-structure, or imperfections typical of True Micas.
Density:
2.83 - 2.84 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.84 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BannisteriteHide

Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.544 - 1.574 nβ = 1.586 - 1.611 nγ = 1.589 - 1.612
2V:
Calculated: 18° to 28°
Birefringence:
0.045
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.045
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v weak to moderate
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X colorless to pale yellow

Chemistry of BannisteriteHide

Mindat Formula:
(Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O

n ~ 5.5
Elements listed:
Al, Ca, Fe, H, K, Mn, Na, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Zn,Na

Crystallography of BannisteriteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 22.26 Å, b = 16.36 Å, c = 24.66 Å
β = 94.28°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.361 : 1 : 1.507
Unit Cell V:
8,955.48 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Platy aggregates
Comment:
A2/a

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File    Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0012233BannisteriteHeaney P J, Post J E, Evans H T (1992) The crystal structure of bannisterite Clays and Clay Minerals 40 129-1441992Broken Hill, Australia0293
0012234BannisteriteHeaney P J, Post J E, Evans H T (1992) The crystal structure of bannisterite Clays and Clay Minerals 40 129-1441992Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, USA0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
12.33 Å(100)
11.5 Å(2)
8.78 Å(2)
8.43 Å(2)
7.95 Å(2)
7.11 Å(4)
6.82 Å(4)
6.61 Å(2)
6.38 Å(2)
6.16 Å(2)
5.93 Å(2)
5.56 Å(6)
5.20 Å(6)
4.91 Å(2)
4.71 Å(2)
4.593 Å(10)
4.28 Å(6)
4.21 Å(2)
4.09 Å(16b)
3.79 Å(8)
3.69 Å(2)
3.57 Å(6)
3.44 Å(20)
3.40 Å(2)
3.36 Å(10)
3.31 Å(2)
3.24 Å(2)
3.21 Å(2)
3.13 Å(2)
3.08 Å(12)
3.02 Å(2)
2.97 Å(4)
2.91 Å(2)
2.84 Å(2)
2.79 Å(8)
2.75 Å(8)
2.71 Å(2)
2.64 Å(16)
2.61 Å(12)
2.48 Å(2)
2.46 Å(2)
2.41 Å(10)
2.38 Å(10)
2.33 Å(2)
2.30 Å(2)
2.25 Å(4)
2.22 Å(4)
2.20 Å(2)
2.16 Å(6)
2.11 Å(2)
1.998 Å(2b)
1.930 Å(4)
1.916 Å(2)
1.885 Å(2)
1.860 Å(2)
1.831 Å(2)
1.796 Å(2)
1.754 Å(2)
1.720 Å(2)
1.708 Å(4)
1.668 Å(2)
1.657 Å(2)
1.633 Å(4)
1.614 Å(8)
1.599 Å(8)
1.573 Å(2)
1.561 Å(4)
1.546 Å(2)
1.537 Å(2)
1.516 Å(2)
1.505 Å(2)
1.451 Å(2)
1.442 Å(2)
1.430 Å(2)
1.407 Å(2)
1.386 Å(2)
1.367 Å(2)
1.349 Å(2)
1.343 Å(2)
1.332 Å(2)
1.320 Å(2)
1.311 Å(2)
1.300 Å(2)
1.287 Å(2)
1.278 Å(2)
1.269 Å(2)
Comments:
ICDD 21-57; Structurally similar to ganophyllite and the stilpnomelane group

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Geological Setting:
Sulfide-bearing zinc deposits

Type Occurrence of BannisteriteHide

Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Benallt Mine, Rhiw, Aberdaron, Gwynedd, Wales, UK
ⓘ Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, numbers 145728-145730.
Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, number BM 1967,321.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, numbers 91862, 91863, 108571, 128253.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Silicate-carbonate hosted zinc deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
SphaleriteRhodoniteQuartzCalciteBaryte
Amphibole Supergroup

Synonyms of BannisteriteHide

Other Language Names for BannisteriteHide

Relationship of Bannisterite to other SpeciesHide

Structurally related to group(s):
Stilpnomelane Group

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
24 photos of Bannisterite associated with RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
7 photos of Bannisterite associated with CalciteCaCO3
4 photos of Bannisterite associated with RhodochrositeMnCO3
2 photos of Bannisterite associated with RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
1 photo of Bannisterite associated with GalenaPbS
1 photo of Bannisterite associated with PyroxmangiteMn2+SiO3

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.EG.05CymriteBaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2OMon. 2 : P21
9.EG.10Naujakasite(Na,K)6(Fe2+,Mn2+,Ca)(Al,Fe)4Si8O26Mon.
9.EG.10ManganonaujakasiteNa6(Mn2+,Fe2+)Al4Si8O26Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EG.15DmisteinbergiteCa(Al2Si2O8)Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
9.EG.20KampfiteBa12(Si11Al5)O31(CO3)8Cl5Mon. m
9.EG.25SträtlingiteCa2Al2SiO7 · 8H2OTrig. 3m : R3m
9.EG.25VertumniteCa4Al4Si4O6(OH)24 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.EG.30Eggletonite(Na,K,Ca)2(Mn,Fe)8(Si,Al)12O29(OH)7 · 11H2OMon.
9.EG.30Ganophyllite(K,Na,Ca)2Mn8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)32 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
9.EG.30Tamaite(Ca,K,Ba,Na)3-4Mn24(Si,Al)40(O,OH)112 · 21H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.EG.35CoombsiteKMn2+13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14Trig.
9.EG.35ZussmaniteK(Fe,Mg,Mn)13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14Trig. 3 : R3
9.EG.40Franklinphilite(K,Na)4(Mn2+,Mg,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216 · 6H2OTric.
9.EG.40LennilenapeiteK6-7(Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216 · 16H2OTric.
9.EG.40Parsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EG.40Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EG.40ChalcoditeK(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27Tric. 1 : P1
9.EG.45Latiumite(Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3)Mon. 2 : P21
9.EG.45TuscaniteKCa6(Si,Al)10O22(SO4,CO3)2(OH) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.EG.45LevantiteKCa3Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(PO4)Mon. 2 : P21
9.EG.50JagoitePb18Fe3+4[Si4(Si,Fe3+)6][Pb4Si16(Si,Fe)4]O82Cl6Hex. 6 m2 : P6c2
9.EG.55WickenburgiteCaPb3Al2Si10O24(OH)6Trig. 3m : P3 1c
9.EG.60HyttsjöitePb18Ba2Ca5Mn2+2Fe3+2Si30O90Cl · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
9.EG.65ArmbrusteriteK5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EG.70Britvinite[Pb7(OH)3F(BO3)2(CO3)][Mg4.5(OH)3(Si5O14)]Tric. 1 : P1
9.EG.70RoymilleritePb24Mg9(Si10O28)(CO3)10(BO3)(SiO4)(OH)13O5Tric. 1 : P1
9.EG.75UM1989-30-SiO:AlBaCaFeHKMgMn(Ba,Ca)(Mn,Fe,Mg)22(Si,Al)32O76(OH)16 · 12H2O
9.EG.75KayupovaiteNa2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b

Fluorescence of BannisteriteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BannisteriteHide

References for BannisteriteHide

Reference List:
Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles (1962) Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates.
Smith, Marie Lindberg, Frondel, Clifford (1968) The related layered minerals ganophyllite, bannisterite, and stilpnomelane. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (283) 893-913 doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.283.036.01
Fleischer, M. (1969) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist: 54: 573-580 (577).
Dunn, P.J., Leavens, P.B., Norberg, J.A., Ramik, R.A. (1981): Bannisterite: new chemical data and empirical formulas. American Mineralogist, 66, 1063-1067.
Ferrow, Embaie A.; Morad, Sadoon; Koark, Hans J.; Ounchanum, Prayote. (1992): Bannisterite from the Nyberget manganese-iron ore deposits, central Sweden: chemistry and mode of occurrence. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 164, 169-182.
Heaney, P. J., Post, J. E. and Evans, H. T., Jr. (1992): The crystal structure of bannisterite. Clays Clay Minerals, 40, 129-144.
Jambor, L., Grew, Edward S. (1993) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 78 (1-2) 233-238 pp.236-236
Ferrow, E.A., Hovmöller, S. (1993): Crystallographic image processing (CIP) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies of bannisterite: a 2:1 type modulated layer silicate. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 181-188.
Sustavov, S. G., Brusnitsyn, A. I., Chukanov, N. V., Ll'ina, A. N. and Mironov, A. B. (1997): New data on bannisterite. Zap. Vseross. Mineral. O-va., 126, 64-74. (in Russian)
Ferrow, E. A. (2006): 57Fe Moessbauer effect study of bannisterite: a modulated 2:1-type phyllosilicate. Mineralogical Magazine, 70, 187-199.
(2023) Bannisterite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for BannisteriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Birch (1999)
Birch (1999)
          • Southern operations mine (Pasminco mine; Perilya mine; Consolidated Zinc Mine; CRA mine; New Broken Hill Consolidated Mine; NBHC Mine)
Keith Compton collection
Canada
 
  • Québec
    • Montérégie
      • La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
Canadian Museum of Nature collection
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Ne
        • Statale
//doi.org/10.57635/MICRO.2023.21.7
    • La Spezia Province
      • Maissana
Analyses of Anthony Kampf of Natural ...
Japan
 
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Shimohei District
      • Yamada-machi
Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Kochi Prefecture
    • Nankoku city
Masutomi Museum specimen +1 other reference
  • Mie Prefecture
    • Toba City
Yamada (2004)
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Hanno City
Satoshi Matsubara (1981)
Yamada (2004)
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
Sameshima +1 other reference
Norway
 
  • Telemark
    • Tokke
      • Botnedal
Larsen (1988) +2 other references
Romania
 
Hîrtopanu et al. (2003) +1 other reference
  • Suceava County
    • Iacobeni
minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
      • Tolovanu
Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Bashkortostan
Brusnitsyn et al. (2009)
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Semkova +3 other references
  • Khakassia (Republic of Khakassia)
    • Askizsky Rayon
      • Askiz ore district
Kassandrov et al. (2009)
Kassandrov et al. (2009)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Yekaterinburg
      • Kurganovo
Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000)
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
Koděra (1986)
        • Zimná Voda valley
republika +2 other references
    • Košice-okolie District
Pauliš P.
Sweden
 
  • Örebro County
    • Lindesberg
      • Nyberget
Gatedal (n.d.)
UK (TL)
 
  • Wales
    • Gwynedd
      • Aberdaron
        • Rhiw
Smith et al. (1968) +2 other references
USA (TL)
 
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
Smith et al. (1968) +1 other reference
  • North Carolina
    • Alleghany County
      • Sparta
        • Bald Knob
Quick NavTopAbout BannisteriteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 26, 2024 20:06:45 Page updated: March 14, 2024 01:43:49
Go to top of page