Paragenetic Mode 39 : High-𝑃 metamorphism (blueschist, eclogite, ultrahigh 𝑃 facies)

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Description

Plate tectonic processes have also led to the exposure of metamorphic rocks from environments with unusually low-geothermal gradients, estimated to be <10 °C/km—conditions only possible during relatively rapid subduction of crustal rocks to great depths, with subsequent buoyant uplift.

Stage

Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics - Age: <3.5-2.5 Ga
38 : Ophiolites
39 : High-𝑃 metamorphism (blueschist, eclogite, ultrahigh 𝑃 facies)
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
41 : Mantle metasomatism
42 : Sea-floor Mn nodules
43 : Shear-induced minerals (including mylonite/slickensides)

Minerals

Click on a button to filter by elements. Green = must include. Black = must exclude. Mineral names listed in bold are exclusively known from this paragenetic mode.

Mineral	Formula	Crystal System
Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆	Monoclinic
Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆	Monoclinic
Aluminoceladonite	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Aragonite	CaCO₃	Orthorhombic
Barioperovskite	BaTiO₃	Orthorhombic
Barroisite	◻{CaNa}{Mg₃Al₂}(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Bearthite	Ca₂Al(PO₄)₂(OH)	Monoclinic
Breyite	Ca₃Si₃O₉	Triclinic
Bridgmanite	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃	Orthorhombic
Carpholite	Mn²⁺Al₂(Si₂O₆)(OH)₄	Orthorhombic
Chloritoid	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Mn²⁺)Al₂(SiO₄)O(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Monoclinic
Coesite	SiO₂	Monoclinic
Corundum	Al₂O₃	Trigonal
Cummingtonite	◻{Mg₂}{Mg₅}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Deerite	(Fe,Mn)₆(Fe,Al)₃[Si₆O₁₇]O₃(OH)₅	Monoclinic
Donwilhelmsite	CaAl₄Si₂O₁₁	Hexagonal
Ellenbergerite	Mg₆(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)₂(Al,Mg)₆Si₈O₂₈(OH)₁₀	Hexagonal
Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆	Orthorhombic
Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Monoclinic
Epidote-(Sr)	(CaSr)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Monoclinic
Ferro-actinolite	◻Ca₂Fe²⁺₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Ferro-glaucophane	◻[Na₂][Fe²⁺₃Al₂]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Ferro-katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Fe²⁺₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂	Monoclinic
Ferro-taramite	Na(CaNa)(Fe²⁺₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Ferrocarpholite	Fe²⁺Al₂Si₂O₆(OH)₄	Orthorhombic
Fluoro-taramite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₃Al₂}(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)F₂	Monoclinic
Galaxite	Mn²⁺Al₂O₄	Isometric
Glaucophane	◻[Na₂][Mg₃Al₂]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Hiroseite	FeSiO₃	Orthorhombic
Howieite	Na(Fe,Mn)₁₀(Fe,Al)₂Si₁₂O₃₁(OH)₁₃	Triclinic
Hydroxylwagnerite	Mg₂(PO₄)(OH)	Monoclinic
Itoigawaite	SrAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O	Orthorhombic
Jadeite	Na(Al,Fe³⁺)Si₂O₆	Monoclinic
Katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂	Monoclinic
Kokchetavite	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Hexagonal
Kumdykolite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	Orthorhombic
Kyanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O	Triclinic
Lawsonite	CaAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O	Orthorhombic
Magnesiochloritoid	MgAl₂(SiO₄)O(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Magnesiostaurolite	Mg(Mg,Li)₃(Al,Mg)₁₈Si₈O₄₄(OH)₄	Monoclinic
Magnesite	MgCO₃	Trigonal
Majorite	Mg₃(MgSi)(SiO₄)₃	Isometric
Maruyamaite	K(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O	Trigonal
Mavlyanovite	Mn₅Si₃	Hexagonal
Moissanite	SiC	Hexagonal
Omphacite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Al_eFe³⁺_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆	Monoclinic
Ottrélite	(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg)Al₂(SiO₄)O(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂	Orthorhombic
Pumpellyite-(Al)	Ca₂Al₃(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH,O)₂·H₂O	Monoclinic
Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	Isometric
Qingsongite	BN	Isometric
Qusongite	WC	Hexagonal
Rutile	TiO₂	Tetragonal
Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Monoclinic
Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆·nH₂O	Triclinic
Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	Triclinic
Taneyamalite	(Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)₁₂Si₁₂(O,OH)₄₄	Triclinic
Taramite	Na(CaNa)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Tistarite	Ti³⁺₂O₃	Trigonal
Trinepheline	NaAlSiO₄	Hexagonal
Tschermakite	◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Wagnerite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂(PO₄)F	Monoclinic
Wernerkrauseite	Ca(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₂Mn⁴⁺O₆	Orthorhombic
Winchite	◻{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Zagamiite	CaAl₂Si_3.5O₁₁	Hexagonal
Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Orthorhombic

	Element	Count	Percent
H	Hydrogen	37	53.62%
Li	Lithium	1	1.45%
B	Boron	2	2.90%
C	Carbon	4	5.80%
N	Nitrogen	1	1.45%
O	Oxygen	65	94.20%
F	Fluorine	2	2.90%
Na	Sodium	19	27.54%
Mg	Magnesium	28	40.58%
Al	Aluminium	45	65.22%
Si	Silicon	56	81.16%
P	Phosphorus	3	4.35%
K	Potassium	5	7.25%
Ca	Calcium	27	39.13%
Ti	Titanium	4	5.80%
Mn	Manganese	9	13.04%
Fe	Iron	22	31.88%
Sr	Strontium	2	2.90%
Zr	Zirconium	1	1.45%
Ba	Barium	1	1.45%
W	Tungsten	1	1.45%

References

Hazen, Robert M., Morrison, Shaunna M. (2022) On the paragenetic modes of minerals: A mineral evolution perspective. American Mineralogist, 107 (7) 1262-1287 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8099

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