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Tsugaruite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Tsugaruite (4)

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Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Tsugaruite, etc.

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Tsugaruite, etc.

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Tsugaruite, etc.

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Tsugaruite, etc.

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Tsugaruite, etc.

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

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About TsugaruiteHide

Formula:

Pb₂₈As₁₅S₅₀Cl

Formerly assumed to be Pb₄As₂S₇.

Colour:

Lead-gray

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2½ - 3

Specific Gravity:

6.83 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

Named after the discovery locality, Yunosawa Mine, Tsugaru-gun, Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

An "N = 4 plesiotypic derivative of the homologous series of Pb-Sb chloro-sulfosalts" with "the general formula Pb_(2+2N)(Sb,Pb)_(2+2N)S_(2+2N)(S,Cl)_(4+2N)Cl_N".

Cl/(Cl+S) is similar to that in pillaite and pellouxite; and slightly higher than that shown by dadsonite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

7344

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:7344:4

GUID
(UUID V4):

636100f9-5e3a-42ae-bf27-b46ca31b8f45

IMA Classification of TsugaruiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

Approval year:

1997

First published:

1998

Approval history:

2019: Redefined as a lead-arsenic chloro-sulfosalt, Pb₂₈As₁₅S₅₀Cl (Proposal 19-A)

Type description reference:

Shimizu, M., Miyawaki, R., Kato, A., Matsubara, S., Matsuyama, F. and Kiyota, K. (1998) Tsugaruite, Pb4As2S7, a new mineral species from the Yunosawa mine, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine: 62(6): 793-799.

Classification of TsugaruiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

2.JB.30c

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Tsg	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of TsugaruiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Lead-gray

Streak:

Lead-gray

Hardness:

2½ - 3 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₂₅=75.4 - 94.9 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

6.83 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of TsugaruiteHide

Anisotropism:

Weak/moderate; rotation tints of dark brownish gray at near-extinction, to dark yellowish gray, and to dark greenish gray

Bireflectance:

Weak

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂	^imR₁	^imR₂
470nm	33.8%	34.0%	19.2%	19.4%
546nm	31.8%	31.9%	18.2%	19.6%
589nm	31.2%	31.3%	17.4%	19.3%
650nm	30.4%	30.4%	16.3%	18.4%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 34.0%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red, ^imR₁ shown in green, ^imR₂ shown in blue

Internal Reflections:

None

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

White with a greenish tint to gray-white with a greenish tint.

Chemistry of TsugaruiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₂₈As₁₅S₅₀Cl

Formerly assumed to be Pb₄As₂S₇.

Elements listed:

As, Cl, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of TsugaruiteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mm2 - Pyramidal

Space Group:

Pnn2

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.0774(10) Å, b = 15.1772(16) Å, c = 38.129(4) Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.532 : 1 : 2.512

Unit Cell V:

4674.3 Å³

Morphology:

Elongate [001] and tabular on {010}.

Comment:

Space group Pnn2 or Pnnm according to Shimizu et al. (1998). Sub-cell with halved c. However, Biagioni et al. (2020) solved the structure in the space group Pnn2 (unit cell parameters from this later study)

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.705 Å	(34)
3.395 Å	(100)
2.870 Å	(34)
2.819 Å	(53)
2.739 Å	(48)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of TsugaruiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan

General Appearance of Type Material:

Silvery lead-gray, radiating groups of elongate tabular crystals to 2 mm long and 0.04 mm wide.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

University Museum of the University of Tokyo, Japan.
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Hydrothermal baryte vein

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/MM62_793.pdf

Synonyms of TsugaruiteHide

IMA1997-010

Other Language Names for TsugaruiteHide

German:Tsugaruit

Japanese:津軽鉱

Spanish:Tsugaruita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

7 photos of Tsugaruite associated with Baryte	BaSO₄
1 photo of Tsugaruite associated with Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃
1 photo of Tsugaruite associated with Galena	PbS

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.JB.	Senandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.JB.	Oscarkempffite	Ag₁₀Pb₄(Sb₁₇Bi₉)S₄₈	Orth. mm2
2.JB.	Chukotkaite	AgPb₇Sb₅S₁₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Arsenquatrandorite	Ag_17.6Pb_12.8Sb_38.1As_11.5S₉₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Clino-oscarkempffite	Ag₁₅Pb₆Sb₂₁Bi₁₈S₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Andreadiniite	CuHgAg₇Pb₇Sb₂₄S₄₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Ginelfite	Ag₂(Ag_0.5Fe)TlPb_23.5(Sb,As)_33.5S₇₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Lazerckerite	Ag_3.75Pb_4.50(Sb_7.75Bi₄)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.	Lasmanisite	Ag₁₂Pb₁₃Mn₁₁Sb₄₄S₉₆	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2₁
2.JB.	Montpelvouxite	AgPb₁₆Sb₂₇As₁₈S₈₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Selenojunoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈Se₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.05	Diaphorite	Ag₃Pb₂Sb₃S₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.10	Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.15	Freieslebenite	AgPbSbS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.15	Marrite	AgPbAsS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.20	Cannizzarite	Pb₄₈Bi₅₆S₁₃₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.20	Wittite	Pb₉Bi₁₂(S,Se)₂₇	Mon.
2.JB.25a	Junoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈(S,Se)₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25i	Neyite	Ag₂Cu₆Pb₂₅Bi₂₆S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25c	Nordströmite	CuPb₃Bi₇(Se₄S₁₀)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.25g	Nuffieldite	Cu_1.4Pb_2.4Bi_2.4Sb_0.2S₇	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.25d	Proudite	CuPb_7.5Bi_9.33(S,Se)₂₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25h	Weibullite	Pb₅Bi₈Se₇S₁₁	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25b	Felbertalite	Cu₂Pb₆Bi₈S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25j	Rouxelite	Cu₂HgPb₂₃Sb₂₇S_65.5	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25f	Ángelaite	Cu₂AgPbBiS₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25i	Cuproneyite	Cu₇Pb₂₇Bi₂₅S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.30a	Geocronite	Pb₁₄Sb₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30b	Kirkiite	Pb₁₀Bi₃As₃S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Marcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(Sb₃As₂Bi)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.30a	Arsenmarcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(As_3.2Sb_2.8)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.35c	Pillaite	Pb₉Sb₁₀S₂₃ClO_0.5	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35a	Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
2.JB.35b	Scainiite	Pb₁₄Sb₃₀S₅₄O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35d	Pellouxite	(Cu,Ag)Pb₁₀Sb₁₂S₂₇O(Cl,S)_0.6	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35f	Tubulite	Ag₂Pb₂₂Sb₂₀S₅₃	Mon. m : Pb
2.JB.35e	Chovanite	Pb_15-2xSb_14+2xS₃₆O_x (x ~ 0.2)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40b	Aschamalmite	Pb_6-3xBi_2+xS₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Bursaite	Pb₅Bi₄S₁₁ (?)	Orth.
2.JB.40b	Eskimoite	Ag₇Pb₁₀Bi₁₅S₃₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Fizélyite	Ag₅Pb₁₄Sb₂₁S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Gustavite	AgPbBi₃S₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.40a	Lillianite	Pb_3-2xAg_xBi_2+xS₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.40c	Ourayite	Ag₃Pb₄Bi₅S₁₃	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Ramdohrite	Pb_5.9Fe_0.1Mn_0.1In_0.1Cd_0.2Ag_2.8Sb_10.8S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Roshchinite	Ag₁₉Pb₁₀Sb₅₁S₉₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.40d	Schirmerite	PbAgBi₃S₆ - Pb₃Ag_1.5Bi_3.5S₉	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Treasurite	Ag₇Pb₆Bi₁₅S₃₂	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Uchucchacuaite	AgMnPb₃Sb₅S₁₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
2.JB.40e	Ustarasite	Pb(Bi,Sb)₆S₁₀ (?)
2.JB.40a	Vikingite	Ag₅Pb₈Bi₁₃S₃₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Xilingolite	Pb₃Bi₂S₆	Mon.
2.JB.40b	Heyrovskýite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cccm
2.JB.40	UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb	(Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)₅Pb₅Bi₁₁S₂₇
2.JB.40	UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb	(Pb,Hg)₁₂(Cu,Ag)₃(Bi,Sb)₁₀(S,Te)₂₇
2.JB.40a	Quatrandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Menchettiite	AgPb_2.40Mn_1.60Sb₃As₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Terrywallaceite	AgPb(Sb,Bi)₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Jasrouxite	Ag₁₆Pb₄(Sb₂₄As₁₆)S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.40a	Erzwiesite	Ag₈Pb₁₂Bi₁₆S₄₀	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Staročeskéite	Ag_0.70Pb_1.60(Bi_1.35Sb_1.35)_Σ2.70S₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Oyonite	Ag₃Mn₂Pb₄Sb₇As₄S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Holubite	Ag₃Pb₆(Sb₈Bi₃)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40b	Baiamareite	Ag₄Pb₁₂Fe₄Sb₂₀S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.55	Gratonite	Pb₉As₄S₁₅	Trig. 3m : R3m
2.JB.60	Marrucciite	Hg₃Pb₁₆Sb₁₈S₄₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.65	Vurroite	Pb₂₀Sn₂(Bi,As)₂₂S₅₄Cl₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.65	Tazieffite	Pb₂₀Cd₂(As,Bi)₂₂S₅₀Cl₁₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.70	Daliranite	PbHgAs₂S₅	Mon.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for TsugaruiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-7344.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

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References for TsugaruiteHide

Reference List:

Jambor, J.L., Roberts, A.C. (1999) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 84: 990-994.

Matsushita, Y., Momma, K., Miyawaki, R., Sato, A., Kaise, M, Kitazawa, H. (2014): Crystallographic examination of tsugaruite. IMA2014_ABSTRACT VOLUME.pdf, p. 331.

Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Mills, Stuart J. (2019) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2019. CNMNC Newsletter 49. Mineralogical Magazine, 83 (3) 479-483 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.35

Biagioni, C., Bindi, L., Momma, K., Miyawaki, R., Matsushita, Y., Moëlo, Y. (2021): Determination of the crystal structure and redefinition of tsugaruite, Pb₂₈As₁₅S₅₀Cl, the first lead-arsenic chloro-sulfosalt. The Canadian Mineralogist: 59(1): 125–137.

forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) https://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=16582

Localities for TsugaruiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Japan (TL)
Aomori Prefecture Minamitsugaru District Ikarigaseki ⓘ Yunosawa mine (TL)	Shimizu et al. (1998) +1 other reference

Malaysia
Perak Hulu Perak District ⓘ Klian Intan	Kiong et al. (2004)

Russia
Amur Oblast Urusha-Oldoi ore district ⓘ Berezitovy mine (Berezitovoe; Konstantinovskii)	Vakh et al. (2019)
Khabarovsk Krai ⓘ Albazino deposit	AA et al. (2021)

Vietnam
Lâm Đồng Province Đức Trọng District ⓘ Ta Nang deposit	Anh et al. (2015)

Tsugaruite

About TsugaruiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of TsugaruiteHide

Classification of TsugaruiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of TsugaruiteHide

Optical Data of TsugaruiteHide

Chemistry of TsugaruiteHide

Crystallography of TsugaruiteHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of TsugaruiteHide

Synonyms of TsugaruiteHide

Other Language Names for TsugaruiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for TsugaruiteHide

References for TsugaruiteHide

Localities for TsugaruiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide