Khesinite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Khesinite
Formula:
Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36
Colour:
Black to dark brown
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
4.097 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Boris Emmanuilovich Khesin (3 March 1932, Baku, Azerbaijan â 8 November 2010, Beer-Sheva, Israel), geophysicist and professor who worked in Azerbaijan and Israel. He wrote more than 260 scientific works including 10 books. Since 1991 he worked at the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences of the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel and in particular, worked on the Hatrurim Complex.
This page provides mineralogical data about Khesinite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46174
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46174:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
29d5a6ba-8890-443a-9ba7-97dc4c7de71d
IMA Classification of Khesinite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ca4(Mg2Fe3+10)O4(Fe3+10Si2)O36
Approval year:
2014
First published:
2017
Type description reference:
Galuskina, Irina O., Galuskin, Evgeny V., Pakhomova, Anna S., Widmer, Remo, Armbruster, Thomas, KrĂŒger, Biljana, Grew, Edward S., Vapnik, Yevgeny, DzieraĆŒanowski, Piotr, Murashko, Mikhail (2017) Khesinite, Ca4Mg2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36], a new rhönite-group (sapphirine supergroup) mineral from the Negev Desert, Israelâ natural analogue of the SFCA phase. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29 (1) 101-116 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2589
Classification of Khesinite
9.DH.40
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Khe | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Khesinite
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Black to dark brown
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=943 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
None Observed
Parting:
None observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.097 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Khesinite
Anisotropism:
Weak
Bireflectance:
Weak
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
470nm | 14.05% | 12.73% |
546nm | 13.17% | 12.08% |
589nm | 12.78% | 11.76% |
650nm | 12.48% | 11.55% |
700nm | 12.32% | 11.42% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 14.05%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray
Internal Reflections:
Weak, brown
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Very weak
Chemistry of Khesinite
Mindat Formula:
Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36
Crystallography of Khesinite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.5363(1) Å, b = 10.9242(2) Å, c = 9.0612(1) Å
α = 106.340(1)°, β = 95.765(1)°, γ = 124.373(1)°
α = 106.340(1)°, β = 95.765(1)°, γ = 124.373(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.964 : 1 : 0.829
Unit Cell V:
780.54 Ă
Âł
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
7.575 Ă | (56) |
2.995 Ă | (53) |
2.994 Ă | (56) |
2.728 Ă | (60) |
2.727 Ă | (60) |
2.590 Ă | (100) |
2.587 Ă | (80) |
2.586 Ă | (81) |
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Khesinite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Grains, generally <200 ”m in size (rarely to 400 ”m), with an irregular outline, although a few crystal faces are usually present. Clusters in aggregates.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the Museum of Natural History in Bern, Bernastrasse 5, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland, catalogue number NMBE 4717.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Thin veins of paralavas within fine-grained gehlenite rocks (hornfels).
Reference:
Galuskina, I.O., Galuskin, E.V., Pakhomova, A.S., Widmer, R., Armbruster, T., KrĂŒger, B., Grew, E.S., Vapnik, Y., DzieraĆŒanowski, P., Murashko, M. (2017) Khesinite, Ca4Mg2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36], a new rhönite-group (sapphirine supergroup) mineral from the Negev Desert, Israel â natural analogue of the SFCA phase. European Journal of Mineralogy: 29(1): 101â116.
Synonyms of Khesinite
Relationship of Khesinite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aenigmatite Group | A subgroup of the Sapphirine Supergroup. | |
Beckettite | Ca2V6Al6O20 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Devilliersite | Ca4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36] | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Rhönite Group | Subgroup of the Sapphirine Supergroup. | |
Sapphirine Group | Subgroup of the Sapphirine Supergroup. | |
Surinamite | (Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16 | Mon. 2/m |
UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg | Mg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15] |
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.DH. | Gageite-2M | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
9.DH. | Bavsiite | Ba2V2O2[Si4O12] |
9.DH. | Devilliersite | Ca4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36] |
9.DH. | Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
9.DH. | Louisfuchsite | Ca2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20 |
9.DH.05 | Leucophanite | NaCaBeSi2O6F |
9.DH.10 | Ohmilite | Sr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si4O12)(O,OH) · 2-3H2O |
9.DH.15 | Haradaite | SrVSi2O7 |
9.DH.15 | Suzukiite | BaVSi2O7 |
9.DH.20 | Batisite | BaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
9.DH.20 | Shcherbakovite | (K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2 |
9.DH.20 | Noonkanbahite | BaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
9.DH.25 | Taikanite | Sr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2 |
9.DH.30 | Krauskopfite | BaSi2O5 · 3H2O |
9.DH.35 | Balangeroite | (Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
9.DH.35 | Gageite | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
9.DH.40 | Aenigmatite | Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36] |
9.DH.40 | Dorrite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36) |
9.DH.40 | HĂžgtuvaite | Ca4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
9.DH.40 | Krinovite | Na2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
9.DH.40 | Makarochkinite | (Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
9.DH.40 | Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
9.DH.40 | Serendibite | Ca4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36] |
9.DH.40 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
9.DH.40 | Wilkinsonite | Na2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
9.DH.40 | Leucorhönite | Ca2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20 |
9.DH.40 | Kuratite | Ca2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18] |
9.DH.40 | UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNa | Na4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36] |
9.DH.45 | Sapphirine | Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36] |
9.DH.50 | Khmaralite | (Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4 |
9.DH.55 | Surinamite | (Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16 |
9.DH.55 | UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg | Mg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15] |
9.DH.60 | Deerite | (Fe,Mn)6(Fe,Al)3[Si6O17]O3(OH)5 |
9.DH.65 | Howieite | Na(Fe,Mn)10(Fe,Al)2Si12O31(OH)13 |
9.DH.65 | Taneyamalite | (Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)12Si12(O,OH)44 |
9.DH.70 | Johninnesite | Na2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2 |
9.DH.75 | Agrellite | NaCa2Si4O10F |
Fluorescence of Khesinite
None
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Khesinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46174.html
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References for Khesinite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2014) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014, CNMNC Newsletter No 21. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (4) 797-804 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.03
Galuskina, Irina O., Galuskin, Evgeny V., Pakhomova, Anna S., Widmer, Remo, Armbruster, Thomas, KrĂŒger, Biljana, Grew, Edward S., Vapnik, Yevgeny, DzieraĆŒanowski, Piotr, Murashko, Mikhail (2017) Khesinite, Ca4Mg2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36], a new rhönite-group (sapphirine supergroup) mineral from the Negev Desert, Israelâ natural analogue of the SFCA phase. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29 (1) 101-116 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2589
Localities for Khesinite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
France | |
| publication date: November 2018 +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Shchipalkina et al. (2019) |
Israel (TL) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine +4 other references |
KrzÄ taĆa et al. (2018) | |
Pekov et al. (2022) | |
Palestine | |
| Galuskin et al. (2018) |
USA | |
| Gunnar FĂ€rber - Mineralienliste 1-2018. |
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Hatrurim Basin, Tamar Regional Council, Southern District, Israel