Grandview Mine, Horseshoe Mesa, Grandview Mining District, Coconino County, Arizona, USAi
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Grandview Mine | Mine (Abandoned) |
Horseshoe Mesa | Mesa |
Grandview Mining District | Mining District |
Coconino County | County |
Arizona | State |
USA | Country |
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
36° 1' 1'' North , 111° 58' 36'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Mine (Abandoned) - last checked 2023
KΓΆppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Tusayan | 567 (2017) | 14.3km |
Grand Canyon | 1,460 (2018) | 15.2km |
Grand Canyon Village | 1,550 (2006) | 16.3km |
Valle | 832 (2011) | 43.0km |
Mindat Locality ID:
3338
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:3338:4
GUID (UUID V4):
5cd1272c-85b9-4c2a-abb6-e40bdf4e9f30
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Grand View Mine; Last Chance Mine; Canyon Copper Mine; Grand Canyon Mine; No. 1 Pat claim 3591; No. 5 Pat claim 3592a; No. 4 Pat claim 3592a
A former Cu-U occurrence/mine located in the NEΒΌ sec. 5, T30N, R4E, G&SRM, 0.8 km (0.5 miles) SSE of Horseshoe Mesa (coordinates of record) (Vishnu Temple 15 minute topo map), N of Grandview Point, South rim, Grand Canyon, on National Park Service land (Grand Canyon National Park). The Grand View Mine and (this) Last Chance Mine are the same (Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.). Discovered 1890. The first production was in 1893 and the last was in 1916. Operated by the Canyon Copper Company from 1901 to 1908. William Randolph Hearst purchased the below-rim property in 1913. The ore was hauled by mules to the top of the canyon. The USGS MRDS database stated accuracy for this locality is 100 meters.
The Grandview Mine officially closed in 1907, but went through a series of owners until William Randolph Hearst acquired it. Hearst sold the property to the United States National Park Service in 1940, and it is now part of the Grand Canyon National Park. The Grandview Mine is now a roost for protected bat species, including Townsendβs Big-eared Bat (Corynorthinus townsendii).
Mineralization is a Cu-U deposit of secondary Cu minerals with gangue species in a breccia zone along a monocline flexure in Shea basalt hosted in the Navajo sandstone. Controls for ore emplacement included a breccia zone along a monocline flexure. Local alteration involves the Redwall limestone which is bleached, brecciated and marbleized. The Grandview monocline lies along the WNW-trending Cremation fault. The presence of kaolinite and fully hydrated zeunerite suggest formation temperature under 70Β Β°C. Local rocks include Mississippian, Devonian, and Cambrian sedimentary rocks.
The orebody is a pipe-like body hosted in the upper Redwall Limestone and the basal Supai Formation. U minerals are associated with limonite, copper carbonates, silicates and sulfate minerals, also minor pyrite and other sulfides along brecciated, bleached and marbleized Redwall Limestone. Metazeunerite/zeunerite are found in limonitic, gossan-type ore. Radiation is 20,000 counts per second.
Local geologic structures include the Grandview Monocline that lies along the WNW-trending Cremation Fault.
Analysis test results: 2.764% e U3O8; 1.892% U3O8.
Production statistics for the period 1893 to 1900 are unknown. Production during the period 1901 to 1908 was 907,402 pounds (411.59 t) of Cu, 14,103 (14,110 ??) pounds of Ag, and 1,628 tons of ___??.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
33 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
β Adamite Formula: Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
β Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 References: |
β Aurichalcite Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 Description: Occurs in a fault zone in Redwall Limestone. |
β Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Habit: Short prismatic Description: Occurs on clay & in vugs in sandstone |
β Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Description: Occurs in a fault zone in Redwall Limestone. |
β ' Formula: (Cu,Mg)SiO3 · nH2O Habit: Rogers (1922): minute imperfect spherulites of acicular crystals Description: Gordon (1923) corrects Rogers' (1922) "Bisbeeite" to "Cyanotrichite". |
β Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Habit: Acicular crystals in radiating groups & shorter, prismatic crystals |
β Carbonatecyanotrichite Formula: Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
β Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 |
β Chalcanthite Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O Description: Occurs as cross-fiber veinlets associated with clay. |
β Chalcoalumite Formula: CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O Colour: Sky-blue to greenish Description: Occurs as botryoidal crusts on limonite. |
β Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S References: |
β Chalcophyllite Formula: Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
βͺ Covellite Formula: CuS Habit: Hexagonal Plates Colour: Blue, Purple, Irridescent Description: Single specimen, found on mine floor. Sharp, Irridescent, Hexagonal plates to about 1mm, both interlocking and isolated. Associated with unknown green species. References: |
β Cyanotrichite Formula: Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O Habit: Radiating crystals Description: Crystals; also occurs as massive nodules & veins closely associated with brochantite. References: |
β Devilline Formula: CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O Habit: Lath-like Colour: Bluish-green Description: Crusts. |
β Dickite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 References: |
β Grandviewite (TL) Formula: Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O Type Locality: References: |
β Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O |
β Hemimorphite Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O References: |
β Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
β Langite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O Colour: Greenish Description: As silky crusts lining cavities. |
β 'Limonite' |
β Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Description: Botryoidal crusts coating limestone & in fissures in clay. |
β Metazeunerite Formula: Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O Habit: Tabular Colour: Leek-green |
β Olivenite Formula: Cu2(AsO4)(OH) Habit: Short prismatic; acicular groups Colour: Olive-green; lighter olive-green Description: Occurs on altered metazeunerite. |
β Osarizawaite Formula: Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 References: |
β Parnauite Formula: Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
β Pharmacosiderite Formula: KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
β Philipsbornite Formula: PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 References: |
β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 References: Locality descriptionIdentification: Visual Identification |
β Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O Colour: Light brown to gray Description: Occurs as mammillary masses with radiating internal structure. |
β Smithsonite Formula: ZnCO3 Description: Occurs in small amounts lining vugs in clay in limestone. |
β Spangolite Formula: Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O References: |
β 'UM1971-01-AsO:CuFeS' Formula: Cu-Fe-As-S-O |
β Zeunerite Formula: Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O Habit: Exceptional crystals to ΒΌ inch on edge (0.8 cm) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
---|---|---|---|
β | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
β | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
β | Smithsonite | 5.AB.05 | ZnCO3 |
β | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
β | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
β | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
β | Aurichalcite | 5.BA.15 | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
β | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
β | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
β | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
β | Grandviewite (TL) | 7.BB.60 | Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 Β· H2O |
β | Osarizawaite | 7.BC.10 | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
β | Chalcanthite | 7.CB.20 | CuSO4 Β· 5H2O |
β | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 Β· 2H2O |
β | Langite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Β· 2H2O |
β | Spangolite | 7.DD.15 | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl Β· 3H2O |
β | Devilline | 7.DD.30 | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 Β· 3H2O |
β | Chalcoalumite | 7.DD.75 | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 Β· 3H2O |
β | Carbonatecyanotrichite | 7.DE.10 | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 Β· 2H2O |
β | Cyanotrichite | 7.DE.10 | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 Β· 2H2O |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
β | Olivenite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
β | Adamite | 8.BB.30 | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
β | Philipsbornite | 8.BL.10 | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
β | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 Β· 2H2O |
β | Chalcophyllite | 8.DF.30 | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 Β· 36H2O |
β | Parnauite | 8.DF.35 | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 Β· 7H2O |
β | Pharmacosiderite | 8.DK.10 | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 Β· 6-7H2O |
β | Zeunerite | 8.EB.05 | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 Β· 12H2O |
β | Metazeunerite | 8.EB.10 | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 Β· 8H2O |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
β | Hemimorphite | 9.BD.10 | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 Β· H2O |
β | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
β | Dickite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Unclassified | |||
β | 'Limonite' | - | |
β | 'Bisbeeite' ? | - | (Cu,Mg)SiO3 Β· nH2O |
β | 'UM1971-01-AsO:CuFeS' | - | Cu-Fe-As-S-O |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | β Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
H | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
H | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
H | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
H | β Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
H | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
H | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
H | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
H | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
H | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
H | β Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
H | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
H | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
H | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
H | β Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
H | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
H | β Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
H | β Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
H | β Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
H | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
H | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
H | β Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
H | β Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
H | β Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
H | β Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
H | β Bisbeeite | (Cu,Mg)SiO3 · nH2O |
H | β Grandviewite | Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
C | Carbon | |
C | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
C | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
C | β Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
C | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
C | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
C | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | β Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
O | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
O | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
O | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
O | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
O | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
O | β Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
O | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
O | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
O | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
O | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
O | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
O | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
O | β Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
O | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
O | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
O | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
O | β Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
O | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
O | β Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
O | β Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
O | β Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
O | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
O | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
O | β Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
O | β Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
O | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
O | β Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
O | β Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
O | β Bisbeeite | (Cu,Mg)SiO3 · nH2O |
O | β Grandviewite | Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
O | β UM1971-01-AsO:CuFeS | Cu-Fe-As-S-O |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | β Bisbeeite | (Cu,Mg)SiO3 · nH2O |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | β Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
Al | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
Al | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
Al | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
Al | β Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Al | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Al | β Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
Al | β Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
Al | β Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
Al | β Grandviewite | Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | β Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Si | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
Si | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Si | β Bisbeeite | (Cu,Mg)SiO3 · nH2O |
S | Sulfur | |
S | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
S | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
S | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
S | β Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
S | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
S | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
S | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
S | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
S | β Covellite | CuS |
S | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
S | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
S | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
S | β Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
S | β Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
S | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | β Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
S | β Grandviewite | Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
S | β UM1971-01-AsO:CuFeS | Cu-Fe-As-S-O |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | β Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
K | Potassium | |
K | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
Ca | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | β Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
Fe | β UM1971-01-AsO:CuFeS | Cu-Fe-As-S-O |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
Cu | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
Cu | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
Cu | β Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
Cu | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
Cu | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
Cu | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
Cu | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
Cu | β Covellite | CuS |
Cu | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
Cu | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
Cu | β Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
Cu | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Cu | β Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
Cu | β Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
Cu | β Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
Cu | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
Cu | β Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
Cu | β Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
Cu | β Bisbeeite | (Cu,Mg)SiO3 · nH2O |
Cu | β Grandviewite | Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
Cu | β UM1971-01-AsO:CuFeS | Cu-Fe-As-S-O |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | β Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
Zn | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
Zn | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
Zn | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
As | Arsenic | |
As | β Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
As | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
As | β Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
As | β Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
As | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
As | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
As | β Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
As | β Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
As | β Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
As | β UM1971-01-AsO:CuFeS | Cu-Fe-As-S-O |
Ba | Barium | |
Ba | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
Pb | Lead | |
Pb | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
Pb | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
Pb | β Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
Pb | β Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
U | Uranium | |
U | β Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
U | β Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
Other Databases
Wikipedia: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandview_Mine |
---|---|
Wikidata ID: | Q5595582 |
Link to USGS MRDS: | 10161170 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Chugar Group Area BasinBasin
- Great Plains DomainDomain
USA
- Arizona
- Grand Canyon National ParkNational Park
- Colorado PlateauPlateau
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders
for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.