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Iridium

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Iridium (41)

Iridium Gallery Search Photos of Iridium

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Iridium

Unspecified gold placer, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia

Iridium, etc.

Reyssouze River placer, Lescheroux, Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

Iridium

Neiva River alluvials, Alapayevsk Urban Okrug, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Iridium

Unspecified gold placer, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia

Iridium, etc.

Reyssouze River placer, Lescheroux, Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

Iridium

Neiva River alluvials, Alapayevsk Urban Okrug, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Iridium

Unspecified gold placer, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia

Iridium, etc.

Reyssouze River placer, Lescheroux, Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

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About IridiumHide

Formula:

(Ir,Os,Ru)

Colour:

Silver-white with yellow tinge

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

6 - 7

Specific Gravity:

22.65 - 22.84

Crystal System:

Isometric

Natural iridium often contains distinct amounts of Os, Ru or Pt.
The definition of iridium now incorporates old "osmiridium" and "ruthenosmiridium" mineral species (all have Ir as the dominant element).

See also (hexagonal) rutheniridosmine.

Note: The type locality is not determined.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2045

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2045:5

GUID
(UUID V4):

bf5fe969-67b7-4fac-a4a0-95dddb352b7c

IMA Classification of IridiumHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

IMA Formula:

Approval history:

Redefined 1991 s.p.: Harris and Cabri (1991).

Type description reference:

Tennant S (1804) On two metals, found in the black powder remaining after the solution of platina. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 329, 411-418

Classification of IridiumHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

1.AF.10

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
F : Platinum group elements

Dana 7th ed.:

1.2.1.2

Dana 8th ed.:

1.2.1.2

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
2 : Platinum Group Metals and Alloys

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.77

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Ir	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of IridiumHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Silver-white with yellow tinge

Comment:

gray on fracture

Hardness:

6 - 7 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=946 - 988 - Vickers

Tenacity:

Malleable

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
Indistinct on {001}

Fracture:

Hackly

Density:

22.65 - 22.84 g/cm³ (Measured) 22.66 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of IridiumHide

Type:

Isotropic

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
400nm	67.4%
440nm	68.8%
480nm	69.6%
520nm	70.2%
560nm	71.6%
600nm	72.5%
640nm	73.4%
680nm	74.4%
700nm	74.4%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 74.4%.

Chemistry of IridiumHide

Mindat Formula:

(Ir,Os,Ru)

Elements listed:

Ir, Os, Ru - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Pt,Au,Pd,Cu,Fe

Crystallography of IridiumHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Setting:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 3.8394 Å

Unit Cell V:

56.60 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Generally cubic, commonly in rounded or angular grain

Twinning:

On {111} in polysynthetic groups

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0011147	Iridium	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Cubic closest packed, ccp, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83		1963		0	293
0014950	Iridium	Owen E A, Yates E L (1933) Precision measurements of crystal parameters Philosophical Magazine 15 472-488		1933	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

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_chemical_name_mineral 'Iridium'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Wyckoff R W G'
_journal_name_full 'Crystal Structures'
_journal_volume 1 
_journal_year 1963
_journal_page_first 7
_journal_page_last 83
_publ_section_title
;
 Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York
 Cubic closest packed, ccp, structure
;
_database_code_amcsd 0011147
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ir'
_cell_length_a 3.8394
_cell_length_b 3.8394
_cell_length_c 3.8394
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 56.597
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     22.559
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F m 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Ir   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.2170 Å	(100)
1.9197 Å	(50)
1.1574 Å	(45)
0.7838 Å	(45)
1.3575 Å	(40)
0.8808 Å	(40)
0.8586 Å	(40)

Comments:

Synthetic

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
38 : Ophiolites

Synonyms of IridiumHide

Osmiridium (of Zvyagintsev)

Platinum-Group Elements (in part)

Other Language Names for IridiumHide

Japanese:自然イリジウム

Russian:Иридий

Simplified Chinese:自然铱

Varieties of IridiumHide

Aurosmiridium	A solid solution of Gold and Osmium in cubic Iridium. Originally reported from Urals Region, Russia.
Osmiridium	A variety of iridium rich in osmium, but still isometric. Originally reported from Urals Region, Russia. The term is also commonly used for mixtures of various Os-Ir-Ru alloys, usually with a composition dominated by osmium or iridium.
Platiniridium	A variety of Iridium rich in Platinum.
Platosmiridium	Rare cubic Ir-Pt alloy often with admixture of Os.
Rutheniridium	Originally a ruthenium-rich variety of Iridium, however as all natural Iridium contains ruthenium this name is now regarded as synonymous with Iridium.
Ruthenium-bearing Iridium	Cubic alloy in system Os-Ir-Ru with contents Ir less than 80 at.%, Os less than 10 at.% and Ru in range 20-43 at.%. Rare variety of cubic native Iridium.
Ruthenosmiridium	A variety of iridium rich in ruthenium and osmium. Not to be confused with rutheniridosmine.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

11 photos of Iridium associated with Osmium	(Os,Ir,Ru)
7 photos of Iridium associated with Rutheniridosmine	(Ir,Os,Ru)
5 photos of Iridium associated with Laurite	RuS₂
4 photos of Iridium associated with Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe
3 photos of Iridium associated with Cuproiridsite	(Cu,Fe)Ir₂S₄
2 photos of Iridium associated with Platinum	Pt
1 photo of Iridium associated with Osmiridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)
1 photo of Iridium associated with Iridosmine	(Os,Ir)
1 photo of Iridium associated with Chengdeite	Ir₃Fe
1 photo of Iridium associated with Ferronickelplatinum	Pt₂FeNi

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

1.AF.05	Osmium	(Os,Ir,Ru)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AF.05	Rutheniridosmine	(Ir,Os,Ru)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AF.05	Ruthenium	(Ru,Ir)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AF.10	Palladium	(Pd,Pt)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AF.10	Platinum	Pt	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AF.10	Rhodium	(Rh,Pt)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for IridiumHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2045.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for IridiumHide

Reference List:

Tennant, S. (1804) On two metals, found in the black powder remaining after the solution of platina. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 329, 411-418

Tennant S (1804) On two metals, found in the black powder remaining after the solution of platina. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 329, 411-418

Harris, D. C., Cabri, L. J. (1973) The nomenclature of the natural alloys of osmium, iridium and ruthenium based on new compositional data of alloys from world-wide occurrences. The Canadian Mineralogist, 12 (2) 104-112

Cabri, Louis J., Feather, Clive E. (1975) Platinum-Iron Alloys: A Nomenclature Based on a Study of Natural and Synthetic Alloys. The Canadian Mineralogist, 13 (2) 117-126

Harris, D. C., Cabri, L. J. (1991) Nomenclature of platinum-group-element alloys: review and revision. The Canadian Mineralogist, 29 (2) 231-237

(2023) Iridium. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for IridiumHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Clarke Co. ⓘ Oban	Carlo Tortorella
Cunningham Co. ⓘ Platina Lead	Carlo Tortorella +1 other reference
Kennedy Co. Fifield ⓘ Jerusalem Creek	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Richmond Co. Evans Head ⓘ Beach Deposit	G. A. Albertson Data
Rous Co. ⓘ Ballina	G. A. Albertson Data
	Carlo Tortorella
ⓘ Shelly Beach ?	Carlo Tortorella
Tasmania Derwent Valley municipality ⓘ Adamsfield	Cabri L.J. et al. (1975) +1 other reference
ⓘ Halls Open Cut	Bottrill +2 other references
Huon Valley municipality Huon-Channel region Weld river district ⓘ Forster Prospect	Bottrill et al. (2008)
New River Lagoon district ⓘ Rocky Boat Harbour Osmiridium Field	Bottrill et al. (editors)
Waratah-Wynyard municipality Corinna-Savage River district Corinna ⓘ Corinna goldfield	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Heazlewood district ⓘ Bald Hill osmiridium field	Bottrill et al. (2008)
ⓘ Caudrys prospect	Bottrill et al. (2008)
ⓘ Heazlewood River	Bottrill & Baker 2008
Waratah district ⓘ Doctors Rocks ?	M Latham Collection
West Coast municipality Rosebery district ⓘ Wilson River mineral field	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Zeehan mining district ⓘ Avebury Nickel Deposit (Avebury mine)	Keays et al. (2013)
West Tamar municipality Beaconsfield district ⓘ Andersons Creek	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Victoria South Gippsland Shire ⓘ Waratah Bay	Birch et al. (2023)
Western Australia Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire Ora Banda Goldfield ⓘ Ora Banda PGE occurrence	Butt et al. (2003)
Menzies Shire Mount Ida Goldfield ⓘ David Copperfield Gold Mine (Copperfield; Mount Ida)	Simpson (1952)

Austria
Styria Leoben District Sankt Stefan ob Leoben Mitterberg ⓘ Unnamed chromite pit	Malitch et al. (2002)
Liezen District Landl Gams bei Hieflau ⓘ Gams stratigraphic sections	Grachev (Ed) +1 other reference

Bulgaria
Blagoevgrad Province Blagoevgrad Municipality ⓘ Blagoevgrad placer deposits	Цинцов (1998)
Burgas Province Kameno Municipality ⓘ Konstantinovo	Atanasov (1990)
Kardzhali Province Kirkovo Municipality Varbitsa River ⓘ Alluvial placers	Tsintsov (2004)

Canada
British Columbia Atlin Mining Division ⓘ O'Donnel River	Canadian Mineralogist (2005)
ⓘ Spruce Creek	Harris et al. (1973)
Surprise Lake ⓘ Ruby Creek	Anthony et al. (1990)
Cariboo Mining Division Likely ⓘ Bullion Pit	BC Government Mining Report - 1918 +1 other reference
Liard Mining Division Dease Lake ⓘ Dease Creek	Canadian Mineralogist (2005)
Similkameen Mining Division Princeton Similkameen River ⓘ Placer deposits	Petrov (n.d.)
Tulameen ⓘ Lockie Creek	Barkov et al. (2005)
ⓘ Tulameen River	Alfredo Petrov specimen
ⓘ Placer Deposits	Petrov (n.d.) +1 other reference
Québec Chaudière-Appalaches Les Appalaches RCM Thetford Mines ⓘ Hall chrome pit (Hall mine; Thetford quarry)	Corrivaux et al. (1990)
Yukon Watson Lake mining district ⓘ Wolverine Creek	Fedortchouk et al. (eds.)
Whitehorse mining district Kluane District ⓘ Florence Creek	Barkov et al. (2008)
ⓘ Wellgreen Cu-Ni-PGE deposit	Barkov et al. (2002) +1 other reference

China
Hebei Chengde Chengde County Gaositai ⓘ Gaositai Cr-PGE deposit (Gao District; Gaotai village)	Zuxiang Yu (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ Wulie river placers	Zuxiang Yu (1995)
Xinglong County ⓘ Shuangfeng village	Zuxiang (1981)
Sichuan Panzhihua Dong District ⓘ Panzhihua Fe-V-Ti-(PGE) deposit
Tibet Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture) Amdo Co. (Anduo Co.) ⓘ Anduo Cr deposit	Anthony et al. (1990)
Dongqiao ophiolite (Donqiao ophiolite) ⓘ Dongqiao Cr-PGE deposit	Shi et al. (2006)
Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture) Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.) ⓘ Luobusha ophiolite ("Luobusa ophiolite")	Wenji Bai et al. (2001)
Yunnan Chuxiong Yuanmou County ⓘ Zhubu Ni-Cu deposit	Hercule Shen

Colombia
Caldas Department Riosucio ⓘ Atrato River
Cauca Department Guapí ⓘ Río Pilpe	Min Mag (1997)

Cuba
Holguín Province ⓘ Sagua de Tánamo Mining District	González-Jiménez et al. (2011)
ⓘ Negro Viejo deposit	Gevilla et al. (2005)

Czech Republic
Hradec Králové Region Trutnov District Dolní Olešnice Vestřev ⓘ Vestřev alluvial placer deposit	Pasava et al. (2015)

Ethiopia
Benishangul-Gumuz Region Asosa Zone ⓘ Tumet river	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Finland
ⓘ Lapland	Törroos Ragnar
Inari Ivalojoki ⓘ Palsinoja	Mutanen

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Ain Belley Loyettes ⓘ Loyettes quarry	Ducluzaux B. (2022)
Murs-et-Gélignieux ⓘ Courdan gravel pit	Ducluzaux B. (2022)
Bourg-en-Bresse Jayat ⓘ Jayat quarry	Ducluzaux (2022)
Lescheroux ⓘ Reyssouze River placer	Lorand et al. (2018)
Rhône Lyon Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu ⓘ Cheval Blanc quarry	Ducluzaux B. (2022)
Savoie Chambéry Marcieux ⓘ Marcieux quarry	Ducluzaux (2021)
New Caledonia Northern Province Koumac Tiébaghi Massif ⓘ Tiébaghi Mine	Anthony et al. (1990)
Southern Province Pirogues River ⓘ Pirogues ophiolite	Economic Geology: 89: 1454-1468 +1 other reference
Yaté ⓘ Ni River estuary	Auge et al. (1995)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Bouches-du-Rhône Aix-en-Provence Peyrolles-en-Provence ⓘ Durance river alluvial deposits	Y. Moëlo : "Compte-rendu de la ... +1 other reference
Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône ⓘ Napoléon beach	Ducluzaux (2022)

Germany
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Straubing ⓘ Danubian fluvial placer (Donauplatin placer)	Harald G. Dill et al. (2009)
Rhineland-Palatinate Germersheim Jockgrim Rheinzabern ⓘ Holcim gravel pit	Oberthür et al. (2016)

Greece
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Evros Orestiada ⓘ Milia	Economou-Eliopoulos et al. (2019)
Western Macedonia Grevena Grevena ⓘ Aetoraches Mine	Auge (1985) +1 other reference
ⓘ Voidolakkos	Kapsiotis et al. (2006)
ⓘ Xerolivado Mine	Kapsiotis et al. (2006)

Honduras
Olancho Department ⓘ Lepaguare District	Bersani et al. (2009)

Indonesia
South Kalimantan Province Banjar Regency ⓘ Tanah Laut (Pontijn)	Coggon (2010)
Sebuku ⓘ Sungabali	Idrus et al. (2022)
Southeast Sulawesi Province Pulau Kabaena ⓘ Tedubara area	Idrus et al. (2022)

Japan
Ehime Prefecture Uchiko ⓘ Iyoki	Nishio-Hamane et al. (2018)
Hokkaidō Prefecture Kamikawa Subprefecture ⓘ Teshio gold-PGM placers	Urashima et al (1972)
Uryu District Uryugawa ⓘ Horokanai placer	Robert C. Smith
Rumoi Subprefecture Obira (Rumoi District) ⓘ Kamikinenbetsu River	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
ⓘ Obirashibe River	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
ⓘ Obira coast	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Tomamae District Haboro ⓘ Ainusawa River	Dr Daisuke Nishio-Hamane +1 other reference
ⓘ Moshosanbetsu River	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Shosanbetsu ⓘ Minamichiyoda	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Tomamae ⓘ Tomamae coast	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Sorachi Subprefecture Numata ⓘ Numatapongawa	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)

Kazakhstan
Aktobe Region Kargaly District ⓘ Kempirsai Cr deposit	doi.org (n.d.) +2 other references
Main ore field Dzharlybutak Ore Group ⓘ Almaz-Zhemchuzhina deposit	Saveliev et al. (2023)
ⓘ Geofizicheskoe-VII deposit	Saveliev et al. (2023)

Malaysia
Pahang Raub district ⓘ Cheroh	Khoon (1982)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region ⓘ Bou Azzer mining district	S. Weiß: Lapis 31 (7/8)

Myanmar
Sagaing Region Yinmabin District Kani Township ⓘ Kani	Anthony et al. (1990)

New Zealand
Southland Region Southland District Catlins Coast ⓘ Waikawa	www.med.govt.nz (n.d.)
Orepuki ⓘ Longwood Range peridotite outcrops	5th International Platinum Symposium ...
Tasman Region Collingwood ⓘ Ironstone Creek	...
Waikato Region Thames-Coromandel District ⓘ Thames	Fraser (1910)
ⓘ Queen of Beauty Mine (Queen of Sheba)	Christie et al. (1994)

Norway
Trøndelag Røros ⓘ Østhammeren (Osthammeren)	Nilsson (1990)

Oman
Al Buraimi Governorate Northern Oman Ophiolite ⓘ Wadi Hilti	Ahmed et al. (2003)

Papua New Guinea
Oro Province ⓘ Aikora River	Cabri et al. (2022)

Peru
Pasco Pasco province Tinyahuarco district Colquijirca mining district ⓘ Colquijirca mine	Bendezu et al. (2009)

Philippines
Mindanao Davao Region Davao del Sur Province ⓘ Davao gold placer	Shaofeng Huang (2011)
Visayas Eastern Visayas Region Samar Island ⓘ Llorente river	Oberthür et al. (2017)

Russia
Bashkortostan Uchalinsky District ⓘ Unspecified gold placer	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019
Buryatia Baunt District Vitim Plateau ⓘ Aunik River	Airiyants et al. (2020)
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Miass River	analysed by EDS +1 other reference
ⓘ Kialim placer	Zaykov et al. (2017)
ⓘ Maly Iremel placer	Zaykov et al. (2017)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Bilibinsky District Kolyma area Bol'shoi Anyui River Basin Baimka River Aluchinskii Massif (Aluchin horst) ⓘ Baimka placer deposit	Gornostayev et al. (1999)
Pekul'ney Range (Pekul'nei Range) Northern Pekul'ney River (Northern Pekul'nei River; Northern Pekul'neyveem River) ⓘ Placer deposit	Pekov (1998)
Jewish Autonomous Oblast ⓘ Poperechny Fe-Mn deposit	Berdnikov et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Kamchatka Krai Koryak Okrug ⓘ Chirynaisky Massif
Karaginsky District ⓘ Pustaya River	Tolstykh et al. (2000)
Olyutorsky district ⓘ Epilchik mafic-ultramafic complex	Sidorov et al. (2021)
Korf ⓘ Gal'moenan ultrabasic massif	Tolstykh et al. (2004) +2 other references
ⓘ Ledyanoy Creek placer	Vlasov et al. (2002) +3 other references
ⓘ Matysken complex	Cabri et al. (2022)
ⓘ Matysken River	Kutyrev et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Ust'-Bel'skii ultrabasic Massif ⓘ Tolovka River placer	SEM by Excalibur Mineral Co.
Sobolevsky District ⓘ Maior River (Brook)	Sidorov et al. (2004)
ⓘ Mount Filipp	Sidorov et al. (2004)
Ust-Kamchatsky District ⓘ Olkhovaya–1 River placer	Tolstykh et al. (2009)
Kemerovo Oblast ⓘ Koura River	Nesterenko et al. (2017)
Khabarovsk Krai Ayan-Maya district ⓘ Chad Massif	Евгений А. Власов et al. (2021)
ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Cabri et al. (1997)
ⓘ Krasnoyarsk Krai	...
Lysanskiy dunite-peridotite-gabbro complex ⓘ Sisim Placer Zone	Barkov et al. (2018)
ⓘ River Ko placer deposit	Barkov et al. (2021)
Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula ⓘ Kunar placer deposit	Malitch et al. (2022)
ⓘ Unga placer deposit	Malitch et al. (2022)
Western Sayan range Idgimsky gabbro- peridotite-pyroxenite complex ⓘ Kalna river placers	Cherkasova et al. (2014, August)
Yermakovsky District ⓘ Bolshoy Khailyk River placers	Barkov et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Murmansk Oblast Monchegorsk ⓘ Sopcheozerskoe deposit (Sopcheozero)	Neradovsky et al. (2008)
Serpentinite Belt ⓘ Pados-Tundra Complex	Barkov +4 other references
Primorsky Krai Khanka lake ⓘ Zolotaya river placers	Shcheka G.G. et al. (2004)
Khankay massif - Khasan-Grodekov through area ⓘ Placers	Shcheka et al. (1991) +1 other reference
Republic of Karelia Suojärvi District ⓘ Roikonkoski	V. I. Ivashchenko et al. (2007)
Sakha Aldan ⓘ Inagli Massif	Okrugin (1998) +1 other reference
Sayan Mountains Il’chir ophiolite belt Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif) ⓘ Gorlykgol deposit	Tatarinov et al. (2021)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Alapayevsk Urban Okrug ⓘ Neiva River alluvials	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Kachkanar ⓘ Svetloborsky intrusion	Stepanov et al. (2023)
ⓘ Veresovoborsky intrusion	Stepanov et al. (2023)
ⓘ Nizhnii Tagil	Gregor Borg et al (2001)
Nizhnetagilskii massif (Nizhne-Tagilskii) ⓘ Gosshakhta Pt Mine	Pekov (1998)
Nizhnyaya Tura Svetly Bor ⓘ Glubokinskoe placer	Stepanov et al. (2019)
ⓘ Travyanistyi placer	Stepanov et al. (2019)
ⓘ Vershinniy placer	Stepanov et al. (2019)
ⓘ Veresovka River	Stepanov et al. (2019)
Pervouralsk ⓘ Bilimbay	Natural History Museum Vienna collection (catalogued in 1836)
Prigorodny District ⓘ Soloveva Mountain	Johan (2006)
ⓘ Aleksandrov Log Pt deposit	Pekov (1998)
Pyshminsky District ⓘ Kluchevskoy ophiolite complex	Zaccarini et al. (2008)
ⓘ Sysertsky District	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
Yekaterinburg ⓘ Uktus complex	9th International platinum symposium Chromite-PGE mineralization in the Uktus Alaskan-Type Complex (Central Urals,) +2 other references
ⓘ Ural Economic Region	[var: Aurosmiridium] Clark (1993)

Serbia
Central Serbia Rasina District Trstenik Veluće ⓘ Veluce ophiolite complex	Krstic et al. (1997)

Slovakia
Košice Region Košice-okolie District Jasov ⓘ Serpentinite outcrops	Radvanec et al. (2016)

South Africa
Free State Lejweleputswa District Municipality Matjhabeng Local Municipality ⓘ President Brand Mine	Econ Geol (1989)
Welkom ⓘ Loraine Mine	Econ Geol (1989)
ⓘ President Steyn Mine	Econ Geol (1989)
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Municipality Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality Steelpoort ⓘ Onverwacht Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Mpumalanga Gert Sibande District Municipality Govan Mbeki Local Municipality ⓘ Evander goldfield	US Geological Survey Professional Paper
ⓘ Witwatersrand goldfield	Cairncross et al. (1995)

Sweden
Jönköping County Vetlanda Alseda ⓘ Kleva mine	Wilke (1997)

Turkey
Hatay Province Arsuz ⓘ Kizildag ophiolite	Kozlu et al. (2010)
Kahramanmaraş Province ⓘ Elbistan-Kahramanmaraş podiform ophiolitic chromitites	Uysal (2008)
Muğla Province Menteşe District Muğla ophiolite ⓘ Chromitite occurrence	Uysal et al. (2009)

UK
Scotland Highland Caol and Mallaig Isle of Rum ⓘ Rum Central Complex ?	Power et al. (2000)
Shetland Islands Unst ⓘ Harold's Grave Quarry	Badanina et al. (2015)

USA
Alaska Bethel Census Area ⓘ Goodnews Bay	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2018
Salmon River - Red Mountain District ⓘ Dowry Creek mine	USGS Open-File Report 01-269
ⓘ Fox Gulch	Fechner SA (1988)
ⓘ Platinum Creek	USGS Open-File Report 01-269
ⓘ Salmon River	USGS Open-File Report 01-269
ⓘ Salmon River Bench Mine	- (2008)
ⓘ Snow Gulch	Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference
ⓘ Squirrel Creek	USGS Open-File Report 01-269
Ketchikan Gateway Borough ⓘ Continental; Chevelle; Cannery Creek Prospects	- (2008)
ⓘ Jaguar Prospect	- (2008)
ⓘ Lexus Prospect	- (2008)
ⓘ Mount Burnett Zone Prospect	- (2008)
ⓘ North Zone Prospect	- (2008)
ⓘ West Cobra; East Cobra Prospects	- (2008)
Matanuska-Susitna Borough Yentna Mining District ⓘ Poorman Creek; Kast; Nelson And Larson Mine	- (2008)
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area Chistochina Mining District ⓘ Miller Gulch Mine	- (2008)
Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area Circle Mining District ⓘ Woodchopper Creek Area Mine	- (2008)
Innoko Mining District ⓘ Boob Creek Mine	Alaska Geological Survey Public-data F ...
California ⓘ Del Norte County	Norman King (cubic crystals with osmium from placer)
El Dorado County Cool ⓘ Unnamed placer PGE occurrence [1]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 41. +2 other references
Humboldt County Klamath Mountains Weitchpec Mining District Weitchpec Klamath River ⓘ Klamath River Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 41. +3 other references
Mariposa County West Belt Hornitos Mining District Quartzburg Quartzburg School ⓘ Burns Creek Mine	Min Mag (1997)
Mendocino County Coastal Range Anderson Valley Navarro River ⓘ Anderson Valley placer	Hanks (1884) +1 other reference
Merced County Cressey ⓘ Merced River	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 41 +2 other references
Snelling Mining District Snelling Merced River ⓘ Snelling placers	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 41 +2 other references
Nevada County North San Juan Mining District North San Juan ⓘ Yuba River placers	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. +2 other references
Sacramento County Folsom Mining District Folsom ⓘ American River	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 43. +2 other references
San Joaquin County Camanche Mining District Dogtown ⓘ Clements area placers	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 43. +2 other references
Shasta County Redding Mining District Redding ⓘ Sacramento River	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 43. +2 other references
Siskiyou County Klamath Mountains Forks of Salmon ⓘ Michigan Salmon Hydraulic Mine (Red Hill Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 43. +2 other references
Somes Bar Sugarloaf ⓘ Ten Eyck Placer Mines Inc.	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 44. +1 other reference
Yoakumville ⓘ Hydraulic Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 43. +2 other references
Stanislaus County ⓘ Knights Ferry	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 44. +2 other references
Tehama County Klamath Mountains Beegum ⓘ Beegum Creek PGE occurrence	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 44. +1 other reference
Trinity County Klamath Mountains ⓘ Hayfork Mining District	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. +1 other reference
Hayfork ⓘ Hayfork Gold Dredging Company placer	- (2005)
Junction City Mining District Junction City ⓘ Main Channel Trinity River	Harvard University spec. 100263
Red Hill ⓘ Valdor Dredge Mine (Trinity Center; Hertevant Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. +1 other reference
Trinity Center ⓘ Enright claim	Murdoch et al. (1966)
Weaverville District Douglas City ⓘ Trinity River placer	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. +2 other references
Willow Creek Mining District Salyer ⓘ Hammer property (Kammer property; South Fork Gold and Platinum Mining Company)	- (2005)
Yuba County Hammonton Mining District (Yuba River Mining District) Hammonton ⓘ Yuba River placers (Yuba Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. +2 other references
Colorado Clear Creek County Georgetown District ⓘ Centennial group (Barrel; Big I.)	Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference
Summit County Breckenridge Mining District ⓘ Georgia Gulch	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Gibson Hill	Eckel et al. (1997)
Nevada Clark County Spring Mountains Goodsprings Mining District ⓘ Boss Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
New Mexico Sierra County ⓘ Hillsboro Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Oregon Coos County Beach Area ⓘ Pioneer Mine (Lane Mine; Bowman Black Sand)	- (2005)
ⓘ Coos Bay	Bird et al. (1980)
Jackson County Applegate Mining District ⓘ Kubli Ranch placer	Lyon et al. (1997)
Josephine County Illinois River Mining District ⓘ Anderson Mine (Holiday Mine; Anderson and Wilson)	Oregon Metal Mines Handbook
Josephine Creek Mining District ⓘ Independence Placer (Goshen Placer; Foster Placer)	Oregon Metal Mines Handbook
ⓘ Josephine Creek placers	...
ⓘ Bear placers	Oregon Metal Mines Handbook
Pennsylvania Chester County ⓘ West Nottingham Township	Smith and Barnes (2011)
Lancaster County ⓘ Fulton Township	Smith and Barnes (2011) +1 other reference
Wyoming Albany County Centennial Ridge Mining District (La Plata Mining District) ⓘ Centennial Ridge Mine	Thorne (n.d.)

Zimbabwe
Midlands Gweru District ⓘ Somabula	Rocks & Minerals (1955)

Iridium

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