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Laurite

Big Photo

Konder (Kondyor) alkaline-ultrabasic massif (Konder placiers; Konder mine), Aldan shield, Ayan-Maya district, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
© Thomas Witzke

Show Laurite Photos (2)
Formula:
RuS
 
2
System:IsometricColour:Black
Lustre:MetallicHardness:7
Name:Named by Wöhler as a compliment to the wife of a personal friend.


Pyrite Group. Erlichmanite-Laurite Series.

Classification of Laurite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.17-100
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.EB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:2.12.1.10

2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.12.2

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
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Type Occurrence of Laurite

Type Locality:Tanah Laut (Pontijn), Kalimantan Selatan Province (South Kalimantan Province), Kalimantan Island (Borneo Island), Indonesia
Year of Discovery:1866

Physical Properties of Laurite

Lustre:Metallic
Colour:Black
Streak:Dark grey
Hardness (Mohs):7

Crystallography of Laurite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3 (2/m 3) - Diploidal
Space Group:Pa3 {P21/a 3}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.61Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 176.56 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Comment:Pa-3

Optical Data of Laurite

Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Laurite

Formula:
RuS
 
2
Essential elements:Ru, S
All elements listed in formula:Ru, S
Common Impurities:Os,Rh,Ir,Fe

Relationship of Laurite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Erlichmanite (see here)
Member of:Pyrite Group
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.EB.05aAurostibite
AuSb
 
2
2.EB.05bBambollaite
Cu(Se,Te)
 
2
2.EB.05aCattierite
CoS
 
2
2.EB.05aErlichmanite
OsS
 
2
2.EB.05aFukuchilite
Cu
 
3
FeS
 
8
2.EB.05aGeversite
PtSb
 
2
2.EB.05aHauerite
MnS
 
2
2.EB.05aInsizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
2.EB.05aKrut'aite
CuSe
 
2
2.EB.05aPenroseite
(Ni,Co,Cu)Se
 
2
2.EB.05aPyrite
FeS
 
2
2.EB.05aSperrylite
PtAs
 
2
2.EB.05aTrogtalite
CoSe
 
2
2.EB.05aVaesite
NiS
 
2
2.EB.05aVillamanínite
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
 
2
2.EB.05aDzharkenite
FeSe
 
2
2.EB.05aGaotaiite
Ir
 
3
Te
 
8
2.EB.10bAlloclasite
(Co
 
0.65
Fe
 
0.35
)AsS - CoAsS
2.EB.10dCostibite
CoSbS
2.EB.10aFerroselite
FeSe
 
2
2.EB.10aFrohbergite
FeTe
 
2
2.EB.10cGlaucodot
(Co
 
0.50
Fe
 
0.50
)AsS
2.EB.10aKullerudite
NiSe
 
2
2.EB.10aMarcasite
FeS
 
2
2.EB.10aMattagamite
CoTe
 
2
2.EB.10eParacostibite
CoSbS
2.EB.10ePararammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.10fOenite
CoSbAs
2.EB.15aAnduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
2.EB.15aClinosafflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
2.EB.15aLöllingite
FeAs
 
2
2.EB.15aNisbite
NiSb
 
2
2.EB.15aOmeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
2.EB.15cPaxite
CuAs
 
2
2.EB.15aRammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.15aSafflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
2.EB.15bSeinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
2.EB.20Arsenopyrite
FeAsS - (Fe
 
0.90
Co
 
0.10
)AsS
2.EB.20Gudmundite
FeSbS
2.EB.20Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
2.EB.20Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
2.EB.25Cobaltite
CoAsS
2.EB.25Gersdorffite
NiAsS
2.EB.25Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
2.EB.25Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
2.EB.25Jolliffeite
NiAsSe
2.EB.25Krutovite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.25Maslovite
PtBiTe
2.EB.25Michenerite
PdBiTe
2.EB.25Padmaite
PdBiSe
2.EB.25Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
2.EB.25Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
2.EB.25Tolovkite
IrSbS
2.EB.25Ullmannite
NiSbS
2.EB.25Willyamite
(Co,Ni)SbS
2.EB.25Changchengite
IrBiS
2.EB.25Mayingite
IrBiTe
2.EB.25Hollingsworthite
2.EB.25Kalungaite
PdAsSe
2.EB.25Milotaite
PdSbSe
2.EB.30Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
2.EB.35Rheniite
ReS
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
3.12.1Seinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
3.12.3Ruthenarsenite
(Ru,Ni)As
3.12.4Anduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
3.12.5Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
3.12.6Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.7Rhodplumsite
Rh
 
3
Pb
 
2
S
 
2
3.12.8Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.9Konderite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.10Bowieite
(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.11Cherepanovite
RhAs
3.12.12Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
3.12.13Vysotskite
(Pd,Ni)S
3.12.14Vasilite
(Pd,Cu)
 
16
(S,Te)
 
7
3.12.15Palladseite
Pd
 
17
Se
 
15
3.12.16Oosterboschite
(Pd,Cu)
 
7
Se
 
5
3.12.17Telluropalladinite
Pd
 
9
Te
 
4
3.12.18Temagamite
Pd
 
3
HgTe
 
3
3.12.19Sopcheite
Ag
 
4
Pd
 
3
Te
 
4
3.12.20Michenerite
PdBiTe
3.12.21Kotulskite
Pd(Te,Bi)
 
1-2
3.12.22Telargpalite
(Pd,Ag)
 
3
(Te,Bi)
3.12.23Merenskyite
(Pd,Pt)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.24Palladoarsenide
Pd
 
2
As
3.12.25Stillwaterite
Pd
 
8
As
 
3
3.12.26Atheneite
(Pd,Hg)
 
3
As
3.12.27Majakite
PdNiAs
3.12.28Palarstanide
Pd
 
8
(As,Sn)
 
3
3.12.29Arsenopalladinite
Pd
 
8
(As,Sb)
 
3
3.12.30Vincentite
Pd
 
3
As
3.12.31Palladobismutharsenide
Pd
 
2
(As,Bi)
3.12.32Stibiopalladinite
Pd
 
5
Sb
 
2
3.12.33Hexatestibiopanickelite
Ni(Te,Sb)
3.12.34Sudburyite
(Pd,Ni)Sb
3.12.35Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
3.12.36Borovskite
Pd
 
3
SbTe
 
4
3.12.37Isomertieite
Pd
 
11
Sb
 
2
As
 
2
3.12.38Mertieite-I
Pd
 
11
(Sb,As)
 
4
3.12.39Mertieite-II
Pd
 
8
(Sb,As)
 
3
3.12.40Sobolevskite
PdBi
3.12.41Froodite
α-PdBi
 
2
3.12.42Polarite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
3.12.43Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
3.12.44Cooperite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
3.12.45Braggite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
3.12.46Kharaelakhite
(Pt,Cu,Pb,Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
3.12.47Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.48Moncheite
(Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.49Maslovite
PtBiTe
3.12.50Sperrylite
PtAs
 
2
3.12.51Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
3.12.52Geversite
PtSb
 
2
3.12.53Daomanite
CuPtAsS
 
2
3.12.54Genkinite
(Pt,Pd,Rh)
 
4
Sb
 
3
3.12.55Stumpflite
Pt(Sb,Bi)
3.12.56Insizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
3.12.57Erlichmanite
OsS
 
2
3.12.58Omeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.59Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
3.12.60Kashinite
(Ir,Rh)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.61Inaglyite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Ir,Pt)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.62Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.63Iridarsenite
(Ir,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.64Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
3.12.65Tolovkite
IrSbS

Other Names for Laurite

Other Languages:
German:Laurit
Russian:Лаурит
Spanish:Laurita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Laurite

Reference List:Wöhler (1866) Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Nachr.: 155.

Wöhler (1869) Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Nachr.: 327.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 291-292.

American Mineralogist (1969): 54: 1330-1346.

Mineralogical Magazine (1983): 47: 465.

Internet Links for Laurite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Laurite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Laurite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Laurite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Albania
     
    • Tropoja ophiolitic Massif
    		http://www.env.duke.edu/faculty/boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Boshnjaku_Abstract.pdf
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Zeehan district
        • North Dundas
    		Brown, A. V., Page, N. J., and Love, A. H. (1988). Geology and platinum-group-element geochemistry of the Serpentine Hill Complex, Dundas Trough, western Tasmania. Canadian Mineralogist 26, 161-175.
    G. A. Albertson Data
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Leoben
    		Min.& Pet. 73:247-277
    Brazil
     
    • Central-West Region
      • Goiás
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
        • Hidrolândia
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    • North Region
      • Amapá
        • Mazagão
          • Vila Nova
    		CanMin 39:377-396
      • Pará
        • Carajás mineral province
          • Curionópolis
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    • Northeast Region
      • Bahia
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    • Southeast Region
      • São Paulo
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    Bulgaria
     
    • Blagoevgrad Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Gotse Delchev
    		Bul. Acad. Sci. (1998)
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
    		Can.Rockhound v.3, no.2
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1168
    • Québec
      • Mégantic Co.
        • Black Lake
    		Can. Min. 28, 579
    Can. Min. 28, 579
    Can Min. 28, 579
    http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001NE/finalprogram/abstract_2302.htm.
    Can. Min. 28, 579.
    Can. Min. 28, 579
    • Yukon Territory
      • Whitehorse Mining District
        • Kluane District
    		No reference listed
    China
     
    • Hebei Province
      • Chengde Prefecture
        • Longhua Co.
    		Chen Keqiao, Yang Huifang, Ma Letian and Peng Zhizhong (1981): Dizhi Pinglun 27, 107-115.
        • Luan River (Luan He) valley
    		Yu Zuxiang (1995): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 15(1), 1-4.; Yu Zuxiang (1995): Acta Geologica Sinica 69(3), 215-220.
    Yu Zuxiang (1995): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 15(1), 5-8.
    Yu Zuxiang (1997): Acta Geologica Sinica 71(4), 486-490.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Garzê (Ganzi) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Danba Co.
          • Yangliuping dome
    		Deng, H.-L., Campbell, A.J., and Humayun, M. (2002): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2002, A177.
      • Panzhihua Prefecture
        • Miyi Co.
        • Panzhihua City
    		Hong Zhong, Xinhua Zhou, Meifu Zhou, Min Sun, and Bingguang Liu (2002): Mineralium Deposita 37(2), 226-239
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Nagchu (Naqu) Prefecture
        • Amdo (Anduo) Co.
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Colombia
     
    • Cauca Department
    		Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
    • Chocó Department
    		Stribrny, B., Wellmer, F.-W., Burgath, K.-P., Oberthür, T., Tarkian, M., and Pfeiffer, T. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 260-281.
    Cuba
     
    • Oriente Province
    		Acta Geológica Hispánica, 1998, 33(1-4):351-371
    Cyprus
     
    • Troodos mountain range
    Dominican Republic
     
    • Monseñor Nouel Province
      • Bonao
    		Zaccharini et al. (2009): Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 185, 335-349
    Ethiopia
     
    • Wallaga (Welega; Wollega; Ouallega) Province
      • Assosa region
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
      • Gimbi
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1278-1285
    C. J. Stanley et al.: Mineralogical Magazine 69(4):447-453 (2005)
    Finland
     
    • Itä-Suomen Lääni
    		No reference listed
    Econ Geol (1995) 90:445-452
    • Lapin (Lapland) Lääni
      • Inari
        • Lemmenjoki
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Pt-Pd selenides from river placers, northern Finland
      • Penikat complex
    No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Macedonia Department
      • Kozáni Prefecture
        • Kozáni and Grevena prefectures border area
          • Vourinos Mt ophiolite complex
            • Pontini and Chromion area
    		Mining Annual Review (1985): 502.
    • Sterea Hellas Department
      • Fthiótis Prefecture
        • Lamia
          • Othrys (Othris) Mt ophiolite complex
            • Domokós
    		Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
    Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
            • Eretria
    		Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
    Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
    India
     
    • Orissa
    		No reference listed
    Indonesia
     
    • Kalimantan Island (Borneo Island)
      • Kalimantan Selatan Province (South Kalimantan Province)
    		K.H. Hattori et al. , Mineral. Mag. , 56, 1992, pp. 156-164.
        • Riampinang
    		K.H. Hattori et al. , Min. Mag. , April 2004, V68, N°2, pp. 353-368.
    Nachr.Ges.Wissensch. Göttingen (1866) 155-160; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Different Municipalities
    		http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~chemie/zaccarini%20et%20al%20finero%20Platinumsymposium%202005.pdf
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Atsimo-Atsinanana Region
        • Antanambao Manampotsy
    		Legendre, O., and Augé, T. (1992): Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, 389-404.
    • Toamasina (Tamatave) Province
      • Eastern (Atsinanana) Region
        • Vatomandry District
          • Sahafary
    		Lapis nr 10 /1993 p. 7
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    New Caledonia
     
    • Pirogues River
    		Economic Geology: 89: 1454-1468
    • Southern Province
      • Ouen Island
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in chromitite schlieren from the ouen island, new caledonia ophiolite
    Norway
     
    • Nord-Trøndelag
      • Leka
    		Nilsson, L. P. & Larsen, R. B. (11998): Edle mineraler i mafiske og ultramafiske bergarter- en oppsummering av platina-gruppe mineraler (PGM) funnet i Norge i de senere år. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14: 40-49; Econ Geol (1993) 88:782-803
    • Nordland
      • Rødøy
        • Selsøyvik
    		Nilsson, L. P. & Larsen, R. B. (11998): Edle mineraler i mafiske og ultramafiske bergarter- en oppsummering av platina-gruppe mineraler (PGM) funnet i Norge i de senere år. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14: 40-49
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Røros
        • Feragen
    		Nilson, L. P. (1990): Platinum-group mineral inclusions in chromitite from the Osthammeren ultramafic tectonite body, South Central Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology 42: 249-263
    Oman
     
    • Northern Oman Ophiolite
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
    		www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/14099/EAE03-A-14099.pdf.
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Aldan
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Chukotskii Autonomous Okrug
        • Pekul'nei Range
          • Northern Pekul'nei River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
        • Korf
          • Gal'moenan ultrabasic massif
    		Tolstykh N.D., Sidorov E.G., Kozlov A.P. (2004) Platinum-group minerals in lode and placier deposits associated with the Ural-Alaskan-type Gal'moenan complex, Koryak-Kamchatka Platinum Belt, Russia, - Can. Miner., v.42, p.2, pp. 619-630.
        • Koryak Mts
    		[MinRec 31:201]
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Tolstykh, N.D., Sidorov, E.G., Laajoki, K.V.O., Krivenko, A.P., and Podlipskiy, M. (2000): Canadian Mineralogist: 38: 1251-1264.
      • Khabarovskiy Kray
        • Ayan-Maya district
          • Aldan shield
    		[MinRec 31:201]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Cabri, L.J., Laflamme, H.H. Giles, (1997), Platinum Group Minerals from the Konder Massif, Russian Far East, Min Rec. 28, 97-106
      • Koriak Autonomous Okrug
        • Koryak (Koriak; Koriakskhiye) Upland
          • Ust'-Bel'skii ultrabasic Massif
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Khanka lake
    		Shcheka G.G., Vrzhosek A.A., Lehmann B., Tolstykh N.D. (2004) Associations of platinum-group minerals from the Zolotaya gold placiers, Primorye, Russian Far East, - Can. Miner., v.42, pp. 583-599.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in the PGE deposit of the Fedorovo-Pansky layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula
          • Monche-Tundra
    		http://www.duke.edu/~boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Grokhovskaya_Abstract.pdf
    Neradovsky, Y.N., and Savchenko, E.E. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 746-748.
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Nizhnii Tagil
            • Solov'eva Mtn
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
          • Sysert' District
            • Polevskoi (Polevskoi Zavod)
              • Omutnaya River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    9th International platinum symposium Chromite-PGE mineralization in the Uktus Alaskan-Type Complex (Central Urals,)
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
    		F. Zaccarini et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 545-562 (2004).
    Sierra Leone
     
    • Guma Water
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1278-1285; Bowles, J.F.W. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 583-586.
    South Africa
     
    • Eastern Cape Province
      • Transkei
        • Pondoland
          • Insizwa
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Free State Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Limpopo Province
    		www.bgr.de/b423/oberthuer_ptconf_pgm_bushveld.pdf.
    R.O. Meyer collection, identity confirmed by microprobe analysis
    The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 1711-1734 (2005)
      • Eastern Bushveld Complex
        • Merensky Reef
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Witwatersrand field
        • West Rand
    		http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
    		Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
    Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
    Minerals of South Africa
    Economic Geology (1990) 85:537-555; Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Málaga
        • Ojén
    		Mineralogy and Petrology: 56: 25-50.
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Mugla Province
        • Muğla ophiolite
    		N. Jb. Mineral. 185 (2009) 323-333
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Rum
    		Power, M.R., Pirrie, D., Andersen, J.C.O., and Butcher, A.R. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 762-775.
      • Shetland Islands
    		A G Gunn, R C Leake and M T Styles (1985) Platinum-group element mineralisation in the Unst ophiolite, Shetland British Geological Survey Mineral Reconnaissance report 73
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Os-rich alloys and Ru-Os sulphides from ultramafic complexes and placer deposits: constraints from osmium isotopes
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1984) 79:738-747
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Bethel Borough
    		www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Canadian Mineralogist: 22: 543-552.
    Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
    • California
      • Fresno Co.
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1261-1271
      • Nevada Co.
        • North San Juan District (Badger Hill District)
          • Yuba River
    		Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63-64.
      • Siskiyou Co.
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1261-1271
        • Seiad - McGuffy
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1261-1271
      • Tehama Co.
        • Little Red Mtn. Area
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1261-1271
      • Trinity Co.
        • South Fork Trinity River
          • Willow Creek
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 39 & 44, 63.
    • Montana
      • Stillwater Co.
    		Talkington and Lipin, Econ. Geol. Vol. 81, 1986
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1186
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1186
      • Sweet Grass Co.
        • Stillwater Complex
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1186
    • Oregon
        • Cape Blanco
    		Stockman, H.W., and Hlava, P.F. (1984): Economic Geology 79, 491-508.
      • Jackson Co.
        • Applegate District
    		Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
      • Josephine Co.
        • Pickett Creek District
    		Econ Geol (1984) 79:491-508
        • Waldo District
    		Econ Geol (1984) 79:491-508
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Masvingo District
      • Chiredzi Mining District (Hartley Mining District)
        • Chiredzi
    		Chusi Li, Ripley, E.M., Oberthür, T., Miller, Jr., J.D., and Joslin, G.D. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 97-110.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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