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Laurite

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Verkhneivinsk, Neiva river, Sysert' District, Sverdlovskaya Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia

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Formula:
RuS
 
2
System:IsometricColour:Black
Lustre:MetallicHardness:7
Member of:Pyrite Group
Name:Named by Wöhler as a compliment to the wife of a personal friend.


Pyrite Group. Erlichmanite-Laurite Series.

Classification of Laurite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.17-100
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.EB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:2.12.1.10

2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.12.2

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
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Type Occurrence of Laurite

Type Locality:Tanah Laut (Pontijn), Kalimantan Selatan Province (South Kalimantan Province), Kalimantan Island (Borneo Island), Indonesia
Year of Discovery:1866

Physical Properties of Laurite

Lustre:Metallic
Colour:Black
Streak:Dark grey
Hardness (Mohs):7

Crystallography of Laurite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3 (2/m 3) - Diploidal
Space Group:Pa3 {P21/a 3}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.61Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 176.56 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Comment:Pa-3

Optical Data of Laurite

Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Laurite

Formula:
RuS
 
2
Essential elements:Ru, S
All elements listed in formula:Ru, S
Common Impurities:Os,Rh,Ir,Fe

Relationship of Laurite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Erlichmanite (see here)
Member of:Pyrite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Aurostibite
AuSb
 
2
Cattierite
CoS
 
2
Dzharkenite
FeSe
 
2
Erlichmanite
OsS
 
2
Fukuchilite
Cu
 
3
FeS
 
8
Gaotaiite
Ir
 
3
Te
 
8
Geversite
PtSb
 
2
Hauerite
MnS
 
2
Insizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
Krut'aite
CuSe
 
2
Penroseite
(Ni,Co,Cu)Se
 
2
Pyrite
FeS
 
2
Sperrylite
PtAs
 
2
Trogtalite
CoSe
 
2
Vaesite
NiS
 
2
Villamaninite
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.EB.05aAurostibite
AuSb
 
2
2.EB.05bBambollaite
Cu(Se,Te)
 
2
2.EB.05aCattierite
CoS
 
2
2.EB.05aErlichmanite
OsS
 
2
2.EB.05aFukuchilite
Cu
 
3
FeS
 
8
2.EB.05aGeversite
PtSb
 
2
2.EB.05aHauerite
MnS
 
2
2.EB.05aInsizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
2.EB.05aKrut'aite
CuSe
 
2
2.EB.05aPenroseite
(Ni,Co,Cu)Se
 
2
2.EB.05aPyrite
FeS
 
2
2.EB.05aSperrylite
PtAs
 
2
2.EB.05aTrogtalite
CoSe
 
2
2.EB.05aVaesite
NiS
 
2
2.EB.05aVillamaninite
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
 
2
2.EB.05aDzharkenite
FeSe
 
2
2.EB.05aGaotaiite
Ir
 
3
Te
 
8
2.EB.10bAlloclasite
Co
 
1-x
Fe
 
x
AsS
2.EB.10dCostibite
CoSbS
2.EB.10aFerroselite
FeSe
 
2
2.EB.10aFrohbergite
FeTe
 
2
2.EB.10cGlaucodot
(Co
 
0.50
Fe
 
0.50
)AsS
2.EB.10aKullerudite
NiSe
 
2
2.EB.10aMarcasite
FeS
 
2
2.EB.10aMattagamite
CoTe
 
2
2.EB.10eParacostibite
CoSbS
2.EB.10ePararammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.10fOenite
CoSbAs
2.EB.15aAnduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
2.EB.15aClinosafflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
2.EB.15aLöllingite
FeAs
 
2
2.EB.15aNisbite
NiSb
 
2
2.EB.15aOmeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
2.EB.15cPaxite
CuAs
 
2
2.EB.15aRammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.15aSafflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
2.EB.15bSeinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
2.EB.20Arsenopyrite
FeAsS
2.EB.20Gudmundite
FeSbS
2.EB.20Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
2.EB.20Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
2.EB.25Cobaltite
CoAsS
2.EB.25Gersdorffite
NiAsS
2.EB.25Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
2.EB.25Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
2.EB.25Jolliffeite
NiAsSe
2.EB.25Krutovite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.25Maslovite
PtBiTe
2.EB.25Michenerite
PdBiTe
2.EB.25Padmaite
PdBiSe
2.EB.25Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
2.EB.25Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
2.EB.25Tolovkite
IrSbS
2.EB.25Ullmannite
NiSbS
2.EB.25Willyamite
(Co,Ni)SbS
2.EB.25Changchengite
IrBiS
2.EB.25Mayingite
IrBiTe
2.EB.25Hollingsworthite
2.EB.25Kalungaite
PdAsSe
2.EB.25Milotaite
PdSbSe
2.EB.30Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
2.EB.35Rheniite
ReS
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
3.12.1Seinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
3.12.3Ruthenarsenite
(Ru,Ni)As
3.12.4Anduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
3.12.5Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
3.12.6Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.7Rhodplumsite
Rh
 
3
Pb
 
2
S
 
2
3.12.8Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.9Konderite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.10Bowieite
(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.11Cherepanovite
RhAs
3.12.12Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
3.12.13Vysotskite
(Pd,Ni)S
3.12.14Vasilite
(Pd,Cu)
 
16
(S,Te)
 
7
3.12.15Palladseite
Pd
 
17
Se
 
15
3.12.16Oosterboschite
(Pd,Cu)
 
7
Se
 
5
3.12.17Telluropalladinite
Pd
 
9
Te
 
4
3.12.18Temagamite
Pd
 
3
HgTe
 
3
3.12.19Sopcheite
Ag
 
4
Pd
 
3
Te
 
4
3.12.20Michenerite
PdBiTe
3.12.21Kotulskite
Pd(Te,Bi)
 
1-2
3.12.22Telargpalite
(Pd,Ag)
 
3
(Te,Bi)
3.12.23Merenskyite
(Pd,Pt)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.24Palladoarsenide
Pd
 
2
As
3.12.25Stillwaterite
Pd
 
8
As
 
3
3.12.26Atheneite
Pd
 
2
As
 
0.75
Hg
 
0.25
3.12.27Majakite
PdNiAs
3.12.28Palarstanide
Pd
 
8
(As,Sn)
 
3
3.12.29Arsenopalladinite
Pd
 
8
(As,Sb)
 
3
3.12.30Vincentite
Pd
 
3
As
3.12.31Palladobismutharsenide
Pd
 
2
(As,Bi)
3.12.32Stibiopalladinite
Pd
 
5
Sb
 
2
3.12.33Hexatestibiopanickelite
(Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te)
3.12.34Sudburyite
(Pd,Ni)Sb
3.12.35Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
3.12.36Borovskite
Pd
 
3
SbTe
 
4
3.12.37Isomertieite
Pd
 
11
Sb
 
2
As
 
2
3.12.38Mertieite-I
Pd
 
11
(Sb,As)
 
4
3.12.39Mertieite-II
Pd
 
8
(Sb,As)
 
3
3.12.40Sobolevskite
PdBi
3.12.41Froodite
α-PdBi
 
2
3.12.42Polarite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
3.12.43Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
3.12.44Cooperite
PtS
3.12.45Braggite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
3.12.46Kharaelakhite
(Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
3.12.47Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.48Moncheite
(Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.49Maslovite
PtBiTe
3.12.50Sperrylite
PtAs
 
2
3.12.51Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
3.12.52Geversite
PtSb
 
2
3.12.53Daomanite
CuPtAsS
 
2
3.12.54Genkinite
(Pt,Pd,Rh)
 
4
Sb
 
3
3.12.55Stumpflite
Pt(Sb,Bi)
3.12.56Insizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
3.12.57Erlichmanite
OsS
 
2
3.12.58Omeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.59Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
3.12.60Kashinite
(Ir,Rh)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.61Inaglyite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Ir,Pt)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.62Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.63Iridarsenite
(Ir,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.64Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
3.12.65Tolovkite
IrSbS

Other Names for Laurite

Other Languages:
German:Laurit
Russian:Лаурит
Simplified Chinese:硫钌矿
硫钌锇矿
Spanish:Laurita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Laurite

Reference List:

- +
Wöhler (1866) Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Nachr.: 155.

Wöhler (1869) Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Nachr.: 327.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 291-292.

American Mineralogist (1969): 54: 1330-1346.

Mineralogical Magazine (1983): 47: 465.

Internet Links for Laurite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Laurite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Laurite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Albania
     
    • Tropoja ophiolitic Massif
    		http://www.env.duke.edu/faculty/boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Boshnjaku_Abstract.pdf
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Zeehan district
        • North Dundas
    		Brown, A. V., Page, N. J., and Love, A. H. (1988). Geology and platinum-group-element geochemistry of the Serpentine Hill Complex, Dundas Trough, western Tasmania. Canadian Mineralogist 26, 161-175.
    G. A. Albertson Data
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Leoben
    		Min.& Pet. 73:247-277
    Brazil
     
    • Amapá
      • Mazagão
        • Vila Nova
    		CanMin 39:377-396
    • Bahia
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    • Goiás
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
      • Hidrolândia
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    • Pará
      • Carajás mineral province
        • Curionópolis
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    • São Paulo
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    Bulgaria
     
    • Blagoevgrad Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Gotse Delchev
    		Bul. Acad. Sci. (1998)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Similkameen Mining Division
        • Tulameen
    		In the collection of Brent Thorne. Microprobe analyzed by Cureton Minerals.
    Nixon, G.T., Cabri, L.J., and Laflamme, J.H.G. (1990) Platinum-group-element mineralizaton in lode and placer deposits associated with the Tulameen Alaskan-type complex, British Columbia. Canadian Mineralogist: 28, 503-535.
    • Manitoba
    		Can.Rockhound v.3, no.2
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1168
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Newfoundland
        • Baie Verte Peninsula
          • Baie Verte
            • Advocate Ophiolite complex
    		Escayola, M., Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Proenza, J.A., Bédard, J.H. & Van Staal, C. (2011) Chromitite and platinum-group-element mineralization at Middle Arm Brook, Advocate Ophiolite complex, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 49, 1523-1547.
        • Bay of Islands
    		Edwards, S.J. (1990) Hartzburgites and refractory melts in the Lewis Hills Massif, Bay of Islands ophiolite complex: the base-metals and precious-metals story. Canadian Mineralogist 28, 537-552.
    • Québec
      • Chaudière-Appalaches
        • Les Appalaches RCM
          • Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine
    		Can. Min. 28, 579
    Can. Min. 28, 579
    http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001NE/finalprogram/abstract_2302.htm.
            • Black Lake
    		Corrivaux, L. & Laflamme, J.H. G. (1990) Minéralogie des éléments du group du platin dans les chromitites de l'ophiolite de Thetford Mines, Québec. Canadian Mineralogist 28, 579-595.
    Corrivaux, L. & Laflamme, J.H. G. (1990) Minéralogie des éléments du group du platin dans les chromitites de l'ophiolite de Thetford Mines, Québec. Canadian Mineralogist 28, 579-595.
    Corrivaux, L. & Laflamme, J.H. G. (1990) Minéralogie des éléments du group du platin dans les chromitites de l'ophiolite de Thetford Mines, Québec. Canadian Mineralogist 28, 579-595.
    • Yukon Territory
      • Watson Lake Mining District
    		Fedortchouk, Y., LeBarge, W., Barkov, A.Y., Fedele, L. and Bodnar, R.J., 2010. Major- and trace-element composition of platinum group minerals and their inclusions from several Yukon placers. In: Yukon Exploration and Geology 2009, K.E. MacFarlane, L.H. Weston and L.R. Blackburn (eds.), Yukon Geological Survey, p. 185-196.
      • Whitehorse Mining District
        • Kluane District
    		Barkov, A.Y., Laflamme, J.H.G., Cabri, L.J., and Martin, R.F. (2002) Platinum-group minerals from the Wellgreen Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 651-669.
    China
     
    • Hebei Province
      • Chengde Prefecture
        • Longhua Co.
    		Keqiao Chen, Huifang Yang, Letian Ma, and Zhizhong Peng (1981): Dizhi Pinglun 27, 107-115
        • Luan River valley (Luanhe valley)
    		Yu Zuxiang (1995): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 15(1), 1-4.; Yu Zuxiang (1995): Acta Geologica Sinica 69(3), 215-220.
    Yu Zuxiang (1995): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 15(1), 5-8.
    Yu Zuxiang (1997): Acta Geologica Sinica 71(4), 486-490.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Danba Co.
          • Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE ore field
    		Deng, H.-L., Campbell, A.J., and Humayun, M. (2002): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2002, A177
      • Panzhihua Prefecture
        • Miyi Co.
        • Yanbian Co.
    		Hong Zhong, Xinhua Zhou, Meifu Zhou, Min Sun, and Bingguang Liu (2002): Mineralium Deposita 37(2), 226-239
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture)
        • Amdo Co. (Anduo Co.)
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
          • Dongqiao ophiolite (Donqiao ophiolite)
    		Xuecui Zhou and Shuihe Mao (1989): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 9(3), 257-261
      • Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
        • Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.)
    		Wenji Bai, Shufeng Tao, Jingsui Yang, Qingsong Fang, Nicheng Shi and Guowu Li (2007): Acta Petrologica et Mienralogica 26(5), 418-428
    Colombia
     
    • Cauca Department
      • Mun. de Guapí
    		Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
    • Chocó Department
      • Mun. de Condoto
    		Stribrny, B., Wellmer, F.-W., Burgath, K.-P., Oberthür, T., Tarkian, M., and Pfeiffer, T. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 260-281.
    Specimens courtesy of Excalibur Mineral Company
    Costa Rica
     
    • Guanacaste Province
    		Federica Zaccarini, Ronald J. Bakker, Giorgio Garuti, Thomas Aiglsperger, Oskar A. R. Thalhammer, Lolita Campos, Joaquin A. Proenza, John F. Lewis (2010) Platinum group minerals in chromitite bodies of the Santa Elena Nappe, Costa Rica: mineralogical characterization by electron microprobe and Raman–spectroscopy. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 62:161-171
    Cuba
     
    • Oriente Province
    		Acta Geológica Hispánica, 1998, 33(1-4):351-371
    Cyprus
     
    • Nicosia District (Lefkoşa District; Lefkosia District)
      • Troodos mountain range
    		Prichard, H. M. and Lord, R. A. (1990) 'Platinum and palladium in the Troodos ophiolite complex, Cyprus', Canadian Mineralogist, 28 (3), pp.607-617.
    Dominican Republic
     
    • Monseñor Nouel Province
      • Bonao
    		Zaccharini et al. (2009): Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 185, 335-349
    Ecuador
     
    • Esmeraldas Province
    		Weiser, T. and Schmidt-Thome, M. (1993) Platinum-group minerals from the Santiago river, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador. Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 61-73.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Benshangul-Gumaz Province
      • Asosa region (Assosa region)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Oromia Province (Oromiya Province)
      • Gimbi
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1278-1285
    C. J. Stanley et al.: Mineralogical Magazine 69(4):447-453 (2005)
    Finland
     
    • Eastern Finland Region
    		No reference listed
    Econ Geol (1995) 90:445-452
    • Lapland Region
      • Inari
        • Lemmenjoki
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Pt-Pd selenides from river placers, northern Finland; Kari K. Kojonen, Andrew M. McDonald, Chris J. Stanley, and Bo Johanson (2011) Törnroosite, Pd11As2Te2, A New Mineral Species Related to Isomertieite from Miessijoki, Finnish Lapland, Finland. Can Mineral 49:1643-1651
      • Penikat complex
    No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Epirus (Ipeiros) Department
      • Pindos Mts
        • Pindos ophiolite complex
    		Argirios Kapsiotis, Tassos A. Grammatikopoulos, Basilios Tsikouras, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou, Federica Zaccarini und Giorgio Garuti (2011): Mineralogy, composition and PGM of chromitites from Pefki, Pindos ophiolite complex (NW Greece): evidence for progressively elevated fAs conditions in the upper mantle sequence. Mineralogy and Petrology 101, 129-150.
    • Macedonia Department
      • Kozáni Prefecture
        • Kozáni and Grevena prefectures border area
          • Vourinos Mt ophiolite complex
            • Pontini and Chromion area
    		Mining Annual Review (1985): 502.
    • Sterea Hellas Department
      • Fthiótis Prefecture
        • Lamia
          • Othrys (Othris) Mt ophiolite complex
            • Domokós
    		Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
    Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
            • Eretria
    		Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
    Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
    India
     
    • Orissa
    		CanMin 40:277-309
    Indonesia
     
    • Kalimantan Island (Borneo Island)
      • Kalimantan Selatan Province (South Kalimantan Province)
    		K.H. Hattori et al. , Mineral. Mag. , 56, 1992, pp. 156-164.
        • Riampinang
    		K.H. Hattori et al. , Min. Mag. , April 2004, V68, N°2, pp. 353-368.
    Nachr.Ges.Wissensch. Göttingen (1866) 155-160; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Different Municipalities
    		http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~chemie/zaccarini%20et%20al%20finero%20Platinumsymposium%202005.pdf
    Madagascar
     
    • Toamasina Province (Tamatave)
      • Eastern Region (Atsinanana Region)
        • Antanambao Manampotsy District
    		Legendre, O., and Augé, T. (1992): Alluvial platinum-group minerals from the Manampotsy area, east Madagascar. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, 389-404
        • Vatomandry District
          • Sahafary
    		Augé, T. & Legendre, O. (1992): Pt-Fe nuggets from alluvial deposits in eastern Madagascar. Canadian Mineralogist 30, 983-1004
    Mongolia
     
    • Dzavhan Aimag (Zavkhan Aimag)
      • Khan-Taishirin-Ula range
    		http://www.dmitrenkogg.narod.ru/Mongoliy.htm
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    New Caledonia
     
    • Pirogues River
    		Economic Geology: 89: 1454-1468
    • Southern Province
      • Ouen Island
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in chromitite schlieren from the ouen island, new caledonia ophiolite
    Norway
     
    • Nord-Trøndelag
      • Leka
    		Nilsson, L. P. & Larsen, R. B. (1998): Edle mineraler i mafiske og ultramafiske bergarter- en oppsummering av platina-gruppe mineraler (PGM) funnet i Norge i de senere år. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14: 40-49; Econ Geol (1993) 88:782-803
    • Nordland
      • Rødøy
        • Selsøyvik
    		Nilsson, L. P. & Larsen, R. B. (11998): Edle mineraler i mafiske og ultramafiske bergarter- en oppsummering av platina-gruppe mineraler (PGM) funnet i Norge i de senere år. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14: 40-49
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Røros
        • Feragen
    		Nilson, L. P. (1990): Platinum-group mineral inclusions in chromitite from the Osthammeren ultramafic tectonite body, South Central Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology 42: 249-263
    Oman
     
    • Northern Oman Ophiolite
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
    		www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/14099/EAE03-A-14099.pdf.
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Aldan
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Chukotskii Autonomous Okrug
        • Pekul'nei Range
          • Northern Pekul'nei River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
        • Korf
          • Gal'moenan ultrabasic massif
    		Tolstykh N.D., Sidorov E.G., Kozlov A.P. (2004) Platinum-group minerals in lode and placier deposits associated with the Ural-Alaskan-type Gal'moenan complex, Koryak-Kamchatka Platinum Belt, Russia, - Can. Miner., v.42, p.2, pp. 619-630.
        • Koryak Mts
    		[MinRec 31:201]
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Tolstykh, N.D., Sidorov, E.G., Laajoki, K.V.O., Krivenko, A.P., and Podlipskiy, M. (2000): Canadian Mineralogist: 38: 1251-1264.
      • Khabarovskiy Kray
        • Ayan-Maya district
          • Aldan shield
    		[MinRec 31:201]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Cabri, L.J., Laflamme, H.H. Giles, (1997), Platinum Group Minerals from the Konder Massif, Russian Far East, Min Rec. 28, 97-106
      • Koriak Autonomous Okrug
        • Koryak (Koriak; Koriakskhiye) Upland
          • Ust'-Bel'skii ultrabasic Massif
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Khanka lake
    		Shcheka G.G., Vrzhosek A.A., Lehmann B., Tolstykh N.D. (2004) Associations of platinum-group minerals from the Zolotaya gold placiers, Primorye, Russian Far East, - Can. Miner., v.42, pp. 583-599.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in the PGE deposit of the Fedorovo-Pansky layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula
          • Monche-Tundra
    		http://www.duke.edu/~boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Grokhovskaya_Abstract.pdf
    Neradovsky, Y.N., and Savchenko, E.E. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 746-748.
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
          • Nizhnii Tagil
            • Solov'eva Mtn
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
          • Sysert' District
            • Polevskoi (Polevskoi Zavod)
              • Omutnaya River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    9th International platinum symposium Chromite-PGE mineralization in the Uktus Alaskan-Type Complex (Central Urals,)
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
    		F. Zaccarini et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 545-562 (2004).
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Polar Urals
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
          • Rai-Iz (Raiz)
    		Jan Pašava, Ilja Knésl, Anna Vymazalová, Ivan Vavřín, Ludmila Ivanovna Gurskaya, Leonid Ruslanovich Kolbantsev (2011) Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum-group elements (PGE) in chromites from Centralnoye I, Polar Urals, Russia. Geoscience Frontiers 2:81-85
    Jan Pašava, Ilja Knésl, Anna Vymazalová, Ivan Vavřín, Ludmila Ivanovna Gurskaya, Leonid Ruslanovich Kolbantsev (2011) Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum-group elements (PGE) in chromites from Centralnoye I, Polar Urals, Russia. Geoscience Frontiers 2:81-85
    Sierra Leone
     
    • Guma Water
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1278-1285; Bowles, J.F.W. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 583-586.
    South Africa
     
    • Eastern Cape Province
      • Alfred Nzo District
        • Insizwa
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Free State Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Limpopo Province
    		www.bgr.de/b423/oberthuer_ptconf_pgm_bushveld.pdf.
    R.O. Meyer collection, identity confirmed by microprobe analysis
    The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 1711-1734 (2005)
      • Eastern Bushveld Complex
        • Merensky Reef
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Witwatersrand field
        • West Rand
    		http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
    • North West Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
    		Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
    Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
    Minerals of South Africa
    Economic Geology (1990) 85:537-555; Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Málaga
        • Ojén
    		Mineralogy and Petrology: 56: 25-50.
    • Galicia
      • A Coruña (La Coruña)
        • Cariño (Ortigueira)
          • Cabo Ortegal complex
    		Monterrubio, S. y Lunar, R. (1990). Mineralogía y química de los sulfuros de Ni-Fe-Cu asociados a las rocas ultramaficas de macizo de Herbeira (complejo de Cabo Ortegal, La Coruña). Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, 13-1, 47-48.; Madon, M., Gil, J.I., Via, J. and Girardeau, J. (1991). Characterization and thermodynamic properties of andradite, Ca3Fe2Si3O12. American Mineralogist, 76:1249-1260.; Moreno, T., Lunar, R., Prichard, H.M., Monterrubio, S. and Ortega, L. (1999) Platinum-group element mineralization in chromitites from the ultramafic massifs of the Cabo Ortegal complex. Geogaceta, 25:135-138.; Moreno, T., Gibbons, W., Lunar, R., Prichard, H.M., Monterrubio, S. and García-izquierdo, B. (2002) Concentraciones de cromita y elementos del grupo del platino en las rocas ultramáficas del complejo de Cabo Ortegal (NO de España): implicaciones tectónicas. Bol. Soc. Esp. Min., 25:129-144.; García, B., Lunar, R. and Capote, R. (2002). Difusión de Al-Cr en espinelas durante la deformación en rocas ultramáficas de los complejos de Cabo Ortegal (NO de España) y de BraganÇa (NE de Portugal). Bol. Soc. Esp. Min., 25A:37-44.
        • Cedeira
          • Cabo Ortegal complex
    		Monterrubio, S. y Lunar, R. (1990). Mineralogía y química de los sulfuros de Ni-Fe-Cu asociados a las rocas ultramaficas de macizo de Herbeira (complejo de Cabo Ortegal, La Coruña). Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, 13-1, 47-48.
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Mugla Province
        • Muğla ophiolite
    		N. Jb. Mineral. 185 (2009) 323-333
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Eskişehir Province
        • Eskişehir ophiolite
    		Uysal, I.; Zaccarini, F.; Sadiklar, M. B.; Tarkian, M.; Thalhammer, O. A. R.; Garuti, G. (2009): The podiform chromitites in the Dağküplü and Kavak mines, Eskişehir ophiolite (NW-Turkey): genetic implications of mineralogic and geochemical data. Geologica Acta 7, 351-362. [http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/pdf/505/50513114004.pdf]
    Uysal, I.; Zaccarini, F.; Sadiklar, M. B.; Tarkian, M.; Thalhammer, O. A. R.; Garuti, G. (2009): The podiform chromitites in the Dağküplü and Kavak mines, Eskişehir ophiolite (NW-Turkey): genetic implications of mineralogic and geochemical data. Geologica Acta 7, 351-362. [http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/pdf/505/50513114004.pdf]
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Rum
    		Power, M.R., Pirrie, D., Andersen, J.C.O., and Butcher, A.R. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 762-775.
      • Shetland Islands
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1984) 79:738-747
    A G Gunn, R C Leake and M T Styles (1985) Platinum-group element mineralisation in the Unst ophiolite, Shetland British Geological Survey Mineral Reconnaissance report 73
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Os-rich alloys and Ru-Os sulphides from ultramafic complexes and placer deposits: constraints from osmium isotopes
    Ukraine
     
    • Cherkasy Oblast'
      • Zvenyhorodka
    		Gornostayev, S.S., Laajoki, K.V.O., and Popovchenko, S.E. (2002): The chromitites of the Kapitanov deposit, Ukrainian Shield. Presented at the 47th Annual GAC-MAC meeting, Saskatoon, Canada.
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Bethel Borough
    		www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Canadian Mineralogist: 22: 543-552.
    Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
    • California
      • Fresno Co.
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1261-1271
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Klamath Mts
          • Willow Creek District
            • Willow Creek (China Flat)
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 39 & 44, 63.; Snetsinger, K.G. (1971b) Erlichmanite (OsS2), a new mineral. American Mineralogist: 56: 1501-1506.
      • Nevada Co.
        • North San Juan District (Badger Hill District)
          • Yuba River
    		Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63-64.
      • Siskiyou Co.
        • Klamath Mts
          • El Capitan
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81: 1261-1271.
          • Klamath River District
            • Granite Point
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1261-1271
      • Tehama Co.
        • Klamath Mts
          • Tedoc Mountain
    		Economic Geology (1986): 81: 1261-1271.
      • Trinity Co.
        • Klamath Mts
          • Weaverville District
            • Douglas City
    		Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64.
      • Yuba Co.
        • Hammonton District (Yuba River District; Yuba Gold Field; Yuba Dredge Field; Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields)
          • Hammonton
    		Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63-64.
    • Maryland
      • Baltimore Co.
        • Holbrook
    		Robert C. Smith, II, Ph.D, P.G.
    • Montana
      • Stillwater Co.
        • Nye
    		Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240.
    Talkington and Lipin, Econ. Geol. Vol. 81, 1986
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1186
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1186
      • Sweet Grass Co.
        • Stillwater Complex
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1186
    • Oregon
        • Cape Blanco
    		Stockman, H.W., and Hlava, P.F. (1984): Economic Geology 79, 491-508.
      • Jackson Co.
        • Applegate District
    		Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
      • Josephine Co.
        • Pickett Creek District
    		Econ Geol (1984) 79:491-508
        • Waldo District
    		Econ Geol (1984) 79:491-508
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • State Line Chromite District
    		Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology v. 41, no. 3/4.
      • Lancaster Co.
        • State Line Chromite District
    		Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology Fall/Winter 2011; Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology v. 41, no. 3/4.
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Masvingo
      • Chiredzi Mining District (Hartley Mining District)
        • Chiredzi
    		Chusi Li, Ripley, E.M., Oberthür, T., Miller, Jr., J.D., and Joslin, G.D. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 97-110.; Allan H. Wilson and Martin D. Prendergast (2001) Platinum-Group Element Mineralisation in the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe, and its Relationship to Magma Evolution and Magma Chamber Structure. South African Journal of Geology, 104:319-342
    • Midlands
      • Shurugwi District (Selukwe District)
    		Allan H. Wilson and Martin D. Prendergast (2001) Platinum-Group Element Mineralisation in the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe, and its Relationship to Magma Evolution and Magma Chamber Structure. South African Journal of Geology, 104:319-342
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