Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Baumhauerite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About BaumhaueriteHide

09777460014947588454090.jpg
Heinrich A. Baumhauer
Formula:
Pb12As16S36
Simplified Pb3As4S9. May contain minor Sb substituting for As.
Colour:
Lead-grey, steel-grey; iridescent at times
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
5.33 - 5.44
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1902 by Richard Harrison Solly in honor of Heinrich Adolf Baumhauer [October 26, 1848 Bonn, Germany - August 1, 1926 Fribourg, Switzerland], Professor of Mineralogy, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
Compare argentobaumhauerite (formerly 'baumhauerite-2a') and bernarlottiite (Sb-rich); also 'UM1966-04-S:AsPb'.

The structure contains isolated and interconnected AsS3 pyramids, as, e.g., in case of dufrénoysite, gratonite, sartorite, and seligmannite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
572
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:572:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
fb664b78-7b47-44c5-86d4-aea17d4be780

Classification of BaumhaueriteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1902
2.HC.05b

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
3.6.13.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
6 : 2 < ø < 2.49
5.6.4

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
BhaIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of BaumhaueriteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead-grey, steel-grey; iridescent at times
Streak:
Chocolate-brown
Hardness:
Hardness:
VHN100=179 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {100} perfect.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.33 - 5.44 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.42 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BaumhaueriteHide

Anisotropism:
Strong, in dark brown, pale brown, pale brownish grey, green, violet, blue-green or yellow
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm38.0% 42.1%
420nm37.6% 41.9%
440nm37.2% 41.6%
460nm36.8% 41.2%
480nm36.4% 40.7%
500nm36.0% 40.4%
520nm35.5% 39.8%
540nm35.1% 39.2%
560nm34.6% 38.6%
580nm34.2% 37.9%
600nm33.7% 37.2%
620nm33.2% 36.5%
640nm32.5% 35.7%
660nm31.8% 34.9%
680nm31.1% 34.2%
700nm30.5% 33.5%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 42.1%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Internal Reflections:
Deep red

Chemical Properties of BaumhaueriteHide

Formula:
Pb12As16S36

Simplified Pb3As4S9. May contain minor Sb substituting for As.
Common Impurities:
Sb

Crystallography of BaumhaueriteHide

Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 22.74 Å, b = 8.33 Å, c = 7.89 Å
α = 90.35°, β = 97°, γ = 90.42°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.73 : 1 : 0.947
Unit Cell V:
1,483.34 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Short prismatic [010]; tabular {100}; striated on {100} parallel to [010] and on {010} parallel to [001]. Some crystals considerably rounded, as by etching.
Twinning:
On {100}, polysynthetic, with visible twin lamellae.
Comment:
Pseudomonoclinic. Also a = 22.905, b = 8.329, c = 7.957 (ICDD 12-281)

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File    Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0009265BaumhaueriteLe Bihan M T (1961) Contribution a l'etude structurale des sulfures d'arsenic et de plomb. Structure de la baumhauerite Acta Crystallographica 14 1210-12111961Binnenthal, Switzerland0293
0010683BaumhaueriteEngel P, Nowacki W (1969) Die kristallstruktur von baumhauerit Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 129 178-2021969Lengenbach quarry, Binnatal, Canton Wallis, Switzerland0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
11.5 Å(20)
7.69 Å(10)
7.22 Å(10)
6.78 Å(10)
6.15 Å(10)
5.82 Å(10)
5.64 Å(10)
5.17 Å(10)
4.924 Å(10)
4.716 Å(10)
4.548 Å(10)
4.360 Å(10)
4.149 Å(100)
3.983 Å(10)
3.872 Å(20)
3.806 Å(20)
3.743 Å(10)
3.682 Å(10)
3.594 Å(80)
3.470 Å(80)
3.398 Å(20)
3.258 Å(60)
3.184 Å(30)
3.061 Å(10)
3.020 Å(60)
2.957 Å(90)
2.873 Å(40)
2.799 Å(20)
2.773 Å(80)
2.724 Å(60)
2.661 Å(20)
2.619 Å(5)
2.579 Å(10)
2.569 Å(10)
2.354 Å(50)
2.257 Å(5)
2.223 Å(30)
2.095 Å(40)
2.056 Å(10)
Comments:
ICDD 12-281. Binntal, Switzerland (close to baumhauerite-2a).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of BaumhaueriteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Isolated crystals, closely resembling dufrenoysite and jordanite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
British Museum of Natural History, London, England, 1926,1654.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Dolomite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of BaumhaueriteHide

Other Language Names for BaumhaueriteHide

Simplified Chinese:褐硫砷铅矿
Spanish:Baumhauerita
Traditional Chinese:褐硫砷鉛礦

Relationship of Baumhauerite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of this group:
ArgentobaumhaueriteAg1.5Pb22As33.5S72Tric. 1 : P1
ArgentodufrénoysiteAg3Pb26As35S80Tric. 1 : P1
ArgentoliveingiteAg3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112Tric. 1 : P1
BarikaiteAg3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
BernarlottiitePb6(As5Sb3)S18Tric. 1 : P1
BoscardiniteTlPb4(Sb7As2)S18Tric. 1 : P1
Carducciite(Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
DekatriasartoriteTlPb58As97S204Mon. 2/m : P21/b
DufrénoysitePb2As2S5Mon. 2 : P21
ÉcrinsiteAgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36Tric. 1 : P1
EnneasartoriteTl6Pb32As70S140Mon. 2/m : P21/b
GuettarditePb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32Mon. 2/m : P21/b
HendekasartoriteTl2Pb48As82S172Mon. 2/m : P21/b
HeptasartoriteTl7Pb22As55S108Mon. 2/m : P21/b
HyršlitePb8As10Sb6S32Mon. 2 : P21
IncomsartoriteTl6Pb144As246S516Mon. 2/m
InterliveingiteAgPb18As25S56Mon. 2 : P21
LiveingitePb9As13S28Mon. 2 : P21
ParapierrotiteTlSb5S8Mon. m
PhilrothiteTlAs3S5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
PierrotiteTl2(Sb,As)10S16Orth. mm2 : Pna21
PolloneiteAgPb46As26Sb23S120Mon. 2 : P21
RathiteAg2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
SartoritePbAs2S4Mon. 2/m : P21/m
Twinnite Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4Mon. 2/m
VeenitePb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5Mon. 2 : P21

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
12 photos of Baumhauerite associated with RealgarAs4S4
10 photos of Baumhauerite associated with PyriteFeS2
9 photos of Baumhauerite associated with DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
8 photos of Baumhauerite associated with Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
8 photos of Baumhauerite associated with SphaleriteZnS
3 photos of Baumhauerite associated with ArgentoliveingiteAg3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112
3 photos of Baumhauerite associated with PararealgarAs4S4
3 photos of Baumhauerite associated with LiveingitePb9As13S28
3 photos of Baumhauerite associated with ArgentobaumhaueriteAg1.5Pb22As33.5S72
3 photos of Baumhauerite associated with CalciteCaCO3

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.HC.BernarlottiitePb6(As5Sb3)S18Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05bArgentobaumhaueriteAg1.5Pb22As33.5S72Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05dDufrénoysitePb2As2S5Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05aGuettarditePb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05cLiveingitePb9As13S28Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05fParapierrotiteTlSb5S8Mon. m
2.HC.05fPierrotiteTl2(Sb,As)10S16Orth. mm2 : Pna21
2.HC.05dRathiteAg2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05aSartoritePbAs2S4Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HC.05aTwinnite Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4Mon. 2/m
2.HC.05dVeenitePb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05gMarumoitePb32As40S92Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05dRathite-IVPbAs2S4
2.HC.05fPhilrothiteTlAs3S5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05hPolloneiteAgPb46As26Sb23S120Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05eHeptasartoriteTl7Pb22As55S108Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05eHendekasartoriteTl2Pb48As82S172Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05eÉcrinsiteAgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05bBaumhauerite II
2.HC.05cArgentoliveingiteAg3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05eIncomsartoriteTl6Pb144As246S516Mon. 2/m
2.HC.05dArgentodufrénoysiteAg3Pb26As35S80Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05aHyršlitePb8As10Sb6S32Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05eDekatriasartoriteTlPb58As97S204Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.10aFülöppitePb3Sb8S15Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10cHeteromorphitePb7Sb8S19Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10bPlagionitePb5Sb8S17Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10dRayitePb8(Ag,Tl)2Sb8S21Mon.
2.HC.10dSemseyitePb9Sb8S21Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.15BoulangeritePb5Sb4S11Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.15FalkmanitePb3Sb2S6Mon.
2.HC.20RobinsonitePb4Sb6S13Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HC.25MoëloitePb6Sb6S14(S3)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 2
2.HC.30DadsonitePb23Sb25S60ClTric. 1 : P1
2.HC.35OwyheeiteAg3Pb10Sb11S28Mon. 2/m
2.HC.35ZoubekiteAgPb4Sb4S10Orth.
2.HC.40ParasterryiteAg4Pb20Sb14As10S58Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.50LopatkaitePb5Sb3AsS11Mon. 2/m : P21/b

Fluorescence of BaumhaueriteHide

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BaumhaueriteHide

References for BaumhaueriteHide

Reference List:

Localities for BaumhaueriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Flinders Ranges
      • North Flinders Ranges
        • Leigh Creek
          • Puttapa
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Hallein District
      • Scheffau am Tennengebirge
        • Grubach
          • Moosegg
  • Styria
    • Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
      • Tragöß-Sankt Katharein
        • Oberort (Tragöß-Oberort)
Canada
 
  • Ontario
    • Hastings County
      • Centre Hastings Municipality
        • Huntingdon Township
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Bomby Township
Iran
 
  • West Azerbaijan Province
    • Takab County
Italy
 
  • Tuscany
    • Lucca Province
      • Seravezza
Japan
 
  • Aomori Prefecture
Kyrgyzstan
 
  • Batken Region
Peru
 
  • Lima
    • Oyón Province
      • Oyón District
Switzerland (TL)
 
  • Valais
    • Goms
      • Binn
        • Fäld
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area
      • Kaiyuh Mining District
  • Colorado
    • San Juan County
      • Anvil Mountain
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Ogdensburg
        • Sterling Hill
  • Pennsylvania
    • Blair County
      • Birmingham
 
and/or  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 9, 2024 15:43:10 Page updated: September 29, 2023 11:57:11
Go to top of page