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Pyrochroite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About PyrochroiteHide

Formula:
Mn(OH)2
Colour:
Colourless, greenish, bluish (fresh), brown to black (exposed); flesh-red or amethystine in transmitted light
Lustre:
Pearly
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.23 - 3.27
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1864 by Lars Johan Igelstrom from the Greek πύρ, "fire", and χρώσις, "colouring", in allusion to the change of color upon ignition.
Occurs as either a hydration product of manganosite (MnO) or as a primary mineral in some volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3317
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3317:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
836ae4d3-c4d9-4c00-af5d-95b9901e0cb9

IMA Classification of PyrochroiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mn2+(OH)2

Classification of PyrochroiteHide

4.FE.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
6.2.1.3

6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
7.18.10

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
PycIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
PycThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
PycWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of PyrochroiteHide

Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Comment:
Pearly on cleavages
Colour:
Colourless, greenish, bluish (fresh), brown to black (exposed); flesh-red or amethystine in transmitted light
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Elastic
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {0001}
Density:
3.23 - 3.27 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.25 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of PyrochroiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.680 - 1.681 nε = 1.720 - 1.723
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.040
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Dichroic: O = brown; E = lighter brown.
Comments:
Strongly reflecting in polished section (black altered material).

Chemistry of PyrochroiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mn(OH)2

Crystallography of PyrochroiteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
P3m1
Setting:
P3m1
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.33(1) Å, c = 4.70(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.411
Unit Cell V:
45.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Crystals tabular {0001}; also less commonly rhombohedral with large {1012} or {1011}. Rarely prismatic [0001] with {1120} and {0001} developed. Foliated masses.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0008112PyrochroiteParise J B, Theroux B, Li R, Loveday J S, Marshall W G, Klotz S (1998) Pressure dependence of hydrogen bonding in metal deuteroxides: a neutron powder diffraction study of Mn(OD)2 and beta-Co(OD)2. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 130-13719980293
0008113PyrochroiteParise J B, Theroux B, Li R, Loveday J S, Marshall W G, Klotz S (1998) Pressure dependence of hydrogen bonding in metal deuteroxides: a neutron powder diffraction study of Mn(OD)2 and beta-Co(OD)2. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 130-13719980.7293
0008114PyrochroiteParise J B, Theroux B, Li R, Loveday J S, Marshall W G, Klotz S (1998) Pressure dependence of hydrogen bonding in metal deuteroxides: a neutron powder diffraction study of Mn(OD)2 and beta-Co(OD)2. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 130-13719982.4293
0008115PyrochroiteParise J B, Theroux B, Li R, Loveday J S, Marshall W G, Klotz S (1998) Pressure dependence of hydrogen bonding in metal deuteroxides: a neutron powder diffraction study of Mn(OD)2 and beta-Co(OD)2. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 130-13719984.6293
0008116PyrochroiteParise J B, Theroux B, Li R, Loveday J S, Marshall W G, Klotz S (1998) Pressure dependence of hydrogen bonding in metal deuteroxides: a neutron powder diffraction study of Mn(OD)2 and beta-Co(OD)2. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 130-13719987.8293
0011790PyrochroiteWyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 239-44419630293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.6 Å(10)
2.48 Å(3)
2.76 Å(2)
1.542 Å(2)
3.09 Å(1)
2.41 Å(1)
2.04 Å(1)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Type Occurrence of PyrochroiteHide

Reference:
Igelström L J (1864) Pyrochroït, ein neues Mineral. Annalen der Physik und Chemie 122, 181-182

Synonyms of PyrochroiteHide

Other Language Names for PyrochroiteHide

German:Pyrochroit
Simplified Chinese:羟锰矿
Spanish:Pirocroita

Relationship of Pyrochroite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of this group:
AmakiniteFe2+(OH)2Trig.
BruciteMg(OH)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
PortlanditeCa(OH)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
TheophrastiteNi(OH)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
43 photos of Pyrochroite associated with LeadPb
40 photos of Pyrochroite associated with ZinciteZnO
34 photos of Pyrochroite associated with CalciteCaCO3
23 photos of Pyrochroite associated with HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
20 photos of Pyrochroite associated with SussexiteMn2+BO2(OH)
19 photos of Pyrochroite associated with MooreiteMg92Mn2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)26 · 8H2O
19 photos of Pyrochroite associated with WillemiteZn2SiO4
17 photos of Pyrochroite associated with Torreyite(Mg,Mn2+)72Mn2+2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2O
16 photos of Pyrochroite associated with AllactiteMn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8
14 photos of Pyrochroite associated with LeucophoeniciteMn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.FE.05AmakiniteFe2+(OH)2Trig.
4.FE.05BruciteMg(OH)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
4.FE.05PortlanditeCa(OH)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
4.FE.05TheophrastiteNi(OH)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
4.FE.10BayeriteAl(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
4.FE.10DoyleiteAl(OH)3Tric. 1 : P1
4.FE.10GibbsiteAl(OH)3Mon. 2/m
4.FE.10NordstranditeAl(OH)3Tric. 1 : P1
4.FE.15BöhmiteAlO(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.FE.15Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)Orth. mm2 : Cmc21
4.FE.20GrimaldiiteCrO(OH)Trig. 3m : R3m
4.FE.20HeterogeniteCo3+O(OH)Hex.
4.FE.25FeitknechtiteMn3+O(OH)Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
4.FE.25Lithiophorite(Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.FE.30QuenselitePbMnO2(OH)Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.FE.35FerrihydriteFe3+10O14(OH)2Trig.
4.FE.40FeroxyhyteFe3+O(OH)Hex.
4.FE.40Vernadite(Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2OHex.
4.FE.45QuetzalcoatliteZn6Cu3(TeO6)2(OH)6 · AgxPbyClx+2yTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
4.FE.50FuettereritePb3Cu2+6Te6+O6(OH)7Cl5 Trig. 3 : R3

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for PyrochroiteHide

References for PyrochroiteHide

Localities for PyrochroiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Atlantic Ocean
 
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
Gablina et al. (2006)
Burkina Faso
 
  • Centre-Ouest Region
    • Sanguié Province
      • Réo Department
Kříbek et al. (2016)
Canada
 
  • Québec
    • Estrie
      • Les Sources RCM
        • Val-des-Sources
179-181. +2 other references
China
 
  • Hunan
    • Yongzhou
      • Lanshan Co.
Zhao et al. (2024)
  • Shaanxi
    • Hanzhong
      • Mian County
Zhongtang Yang et al. (2008) +1 other reference
      • Ningqiang County
Yeh et al. (1999)
  • Sichuan
    • Leshan
      • Jinkouhe District
Xingfen Wang (1989) +1 other reference
    • Meishan
      • Hongya County
Hongjun Qu (1992)
    • Ya'an
      • Hanyuan County
Hongjun Qu (1992)
Hongjun Qu (1992)
  • Yunnan
    • Dali
      • Heqing County
Zhangxiang Peng (1990)
Egypt
 
  • Giza Governorate
    • Black Desert
      • El Bahariya Depression
El-Habaak et al. (2016)
  • South Sinai Governorate
    • Abu Zeneima (Abu Zenima)
Manganese Reserves and Resources of the ...
Germany
 
  • Lower Saxony
    • Osnabrück District
      • Georgsmarienhütte
Schnorrer et al. (2001)
Ghana
 
  • Western Region
    • Tarkwa
Mineralium Deposita Volume 34 Issue 3 (1999)
India
 
  • Karnataka
    • Ballari District
      • Bellary-Hospet iron belt
        • Sandur
Rao et al. (1979)
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Valdieri
        • San Lorenzo
Parola et al. (2023)
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Livorno
        • Valle Benedetta
Published on LIBVRNA N°1 may 2021. Analysed by Spectralab srl (SEM/EDS and Raman)
Japan
 
  • Aichi Prefecture
    • Kitashitara County
      • Shitara
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
  • Fukui Prefecture
    • Mikatakaminaka District
      • Wakasa-cho
Kato (2010)
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Kiryu City
Matsubara Satoshi et al. (1980)
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Kunohe-gun
      • Noda
Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan) +2 other references
    • Miyako City
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
  • Kyoto Prefecture
    • Soraku District
      • Wazuka-cho
  • Miyazaki Prefecture
    • Nishiusuki District
      • Takachiho
Fuzimoto (2006)
  • Nagano Prefecture
    • Kamiina District
      • Hamayokokawa mine (Hamayokogawa mine)
Akira Kato (2011)
Akira Kato (2011)
  • Shiga Prefecture
    • Ritto City
Yoshinaga et al. (1963)
  • Tochigi Prefecture
    • Kanuma City
Akira Kato (undated manuscript) +2 other references
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    • Iwakuni City
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
    • Kudamatsu City
Fumitoshi HIROWATARI (1961)
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
Namibia
 
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Otavi Constituency
      • Kombat
Dunn (1991)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Wrocław County
      • Gmina Kobierzyce
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation)
Romania
 
  • Suceava County
    • Iacobeni
minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
      • Tolovanu
Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Khakassia (Republic of Khakassia)
    • Askizsky Rayon
      • Askiz ore district
Kassandrov et al. (2009)
Kassandrov et al. (2009)
  • Orenburg Oblast
    • Svetlyi District
      • Buruktal District
        • Buruktal massif
Talovina et al. (2003)
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Ha'il Region
Gahlan et al. (2021)
South Africa
 
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
      • Moses Kotane Local Municipality
Mitchell et al. (2004)
  • Northern Cape
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
        • N'Chwaning Mines
Von Bezing et al. (1991)
Pohl et al. (1991)
Pohl et al. (1991)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Pulpí
Mendoza et al. (2006)
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Gatedal (n.d.)
  • Örebro County
    • Hällefors
      • Grythyttan
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
      • Långban Ore District
Gatedal (n.d.)
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Flink (1922)
Österberg (2003)
      • Nordmark mining district
        • Jakobsberg ore field
Gatedal (n.d.)
      • Nordmark Odal Field
Moore (1978)
Holtstam et al. (1998)
Flink (1886) +2 other references
      • Persberg ore district
        • Pajsberg
Nysten (1984)
[Am Min 50 (1965) +1 other reference
Switzerland
 
  • St. Gallen
    • Sarganserland
      • Sargans
Die Mineralien der Schweiz
UK
 
  • England
    • Devon
      • Teignbridge
        • Doddiscombsleigh
Bernie Millington Collection
  • Wales
    • Gwynedd
      • Aberdaron
        • Rhiw
R. E. Bevins (1988)
USA
 
  • California
    • Alpine County
Prenn et al. (1991)
        • Loope (Monitor; Loopeville)
          • Colorado Hill
Mineralogical Record (1991)
    • Santa Clara County
      • Black Wonder Mining District
        • East Foothills
www.mineralsocal.org +3 other references
  • Michigan
...
  • Nevada
    • White Pine County
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
Palache (1935) +1 other reference
King
Palache (1935)
Palache (1935)
      • Ogdensburg
        • Sterling Hill
Palache (1935) +1 other reference
Peter Chin
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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