Apachite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Apachite
Formula:
Cu9Si10O29 · 11H2O
Colour:
Blue ("faience-blue")
Lustre:
Silky
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
2.80
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for the Apache tribe that live in the area of the Christmas Mine.
Note: specimens of acicular dioptase haven been erroneously sold as apachite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
272
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:272:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b6de8727-6265-41ab-afe3-9b2a690a9d0a
IMA Classification of Apachite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu2+9Si10O29 · 11H2O
First published:
1980
Classification of Apachite
9.HE.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
E : With Cu, Zn
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
E : With Cu, Zn
78.4.1.1
78 : Unclassified Silicates
4 :
78 : Unclassified Silicates
4 :
14.2.11
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
2 : Silicates of Cu
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
2 : Silicates of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Apa | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Apachite
Silky
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Blue ("faience-blue")
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Density:
2.80(2) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.26 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Apachite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.610 nβ = 1.650 nγ = 1.650
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.040
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Optical Extinction:
γ nearly parallel to length, α nearly normal to the smallest dimension.
Comments:
2Vmeasured = very small.
Chemistry of Apachite
Mindat Formula:
Cu9Si10O29 · 11H2O
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mg,Ca
Crystallography of Apachite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.89 Å, b = 6.05 Å, c = 19.11 Å
β = 90.42°
β = 90.42°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.131 : 1 : 3.159
Unit Cell V:
1,490.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
As minute, twisted or curved beaded spherules of radial fibers, composed of crystals; in seams, exhibiting a silky, fibrous structure on broken surfaces.
Comment:
Point Group: n.d; Space Group: n.d.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
12.89 Å | (100) |
3.168 Å | (70) |
7.663 Å | (50) |
10.62 Å | (40) |
9.556 Å | (40) |
4.491 Å | (40) |
4.174 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Apachite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Spherules of radial fibers. Crystals are usually minute twisted or curved blades .
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1980,532.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A retrograde metamorphic or mesogene mineral, formed at the expense of a prograde calc-silicate and sulfide assemblage in tactites.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Cesbron, F.P., Williams, S.A. (1980) Apachite and gilalite, two new copper silicates from Christmas, Arizona. Mineralogical Magazine: 43: 639-641.
Synonyms of Apachite
Other Language Names for Apachite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
14 photos of Apachite associated with Ruizite | Ca2Mn3+2[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
9 photos of Apachite associated with Gilalite | Cu5Si6O17 · 7H2O |
1 photo of Apachite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
1 photo of Apachite associated with Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
1 photo of Apachite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
1 photo of Apachite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.HE.05 | Gilalite | Cu5Si6O17 · 7H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Easily soluble in cold, dilute HNO3 or HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Apachite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-272.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Apachite
Reference List:
Cesbron, F. P., Williams, S. A. (1980) Apachite and gilalite, two new copper silicates from Christmas, Arizona. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (329) 639-641 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.329.12
Fleischer, M., Cabri, L. J., Chao, G. Y., Pabst, A. (1980) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 65. 1065-1070
Localities for Apachite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Namibia | |
| Bowell et al. (2013) |
Russia | |
| Palyanova et al. (2018) |
Spain | |
| Abella i Creus (2018) |
USA (TL) | |
| Cesbron et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Quick NavTopAbout ApachiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Christmas open pit, Christmas Mine, Christmas, Banner Mining District, Gila County, Arizona, USA