Paraguanajuatite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Paraguanajuatite
Formula:
Bi2Se3
Se may be replaced by minor S.
Colour:
Lead-gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.2 - 7.0
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named for its relationship to guanajuatite (Greek para = near); the two minerals are dimorphs.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3091
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3091:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
3faa9a64-0731-4a70-8328-a016fbc95402
IMA Classification of Paraguanajuatite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1948
Classification of Paraguanajuatite
2.DC.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S
2.11.7.4
2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Pgj | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Paraguanajuatite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead-gray
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN10=27 - 50 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
{0001}
{0001}
Density:
6.2 - 7.0 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.704 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Paraguanajuatite
Anisotropism:
distinct
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 46.9% | 56.2% |
420nm | 47.5% | 56.6% |
440nm | 48.0% | 56.8% |
460nm | 48.6% | 57.2% |
480nm | 49.3% | 57.7% |
500nm | 49.9% | 58.0% |
520nm | 50.2% | 58.1% |
540nm | 50.3% | 58.2% |
560nm | 50.2% | 58.1% |
580nm | 50.0% | 58.0% |
600nm | 49.7% | 57.8% |
620nm | 49.2% | 57.4% |
640nm | 48.6% | 56.8% |
660nm | 48.1% | 56.2% |
680nm | 47.4% | 55.5% |
700nm | 46.9% | 55.0% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 58.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Pale yellow, commonly tarnished lead-gray
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Distinct in air.
Chemistry of Paraguanajuatite
Mindat Formula:
Bi2Se3
Se may be replaced by minor S.
Se may be replaced by minor S.
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Paraguanajuatite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Setting:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.133 Å, c = 28.62 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 6.925
Unit Cell V:
423.38 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0013195 | Paraguanajuatite | Nakajima S (1963) The crystal structure of Bi2Te3-xSex Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 24 479-485 | 1963 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.03 Å | (100) |
2.23 Å | (60) |
1.404 Å | (40) |
4.80 Å | (30) |
2.07 Å | (30) |
1.907 Å | (30) |
1.320 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Paraguanajuatite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Intimately intergrown with guanajuatite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No defined type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal veins.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Ramdohr, P. (1948) Las especies mineralogicas guanajuatita y paraguanajuatita. Comite Directivo Investido recursos Minerales de Mexico Boletin: 20: 1-15.
Other Language Names for Paraguanajuatite
Relationship of Paraguanajuatite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Baksanite | Bi6Te2S3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
Ehrigite | Bi8Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Hitachiite | Pb5Bi2Te2S6 | Trig. 3m : P3m1 |
Ingodite | Bi2TeS | Trig. |
Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Kawazulite | Bi2Te2Se | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Skippenite | Bi2TeSe2 | Trig. |
Sulphotsumoite | Bi3Te2S | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
Tellurantimony | Sb2Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Telluronevskite | Bi3TeSe2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Tsumoite | BiTe | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
Vihorlatite | Bi24Se17Te4 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.DC.05 | Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 |
2.DC.05 | Ikunolite | Bi4S3 |
2.DC.05 | Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
2.DC.05 | Joséite | Bi4TeS2 |
2.DC.05 | Joséite-A | Bi4TeS2 |
2.DC.05 | Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S |
2.DC.05 | Kawazulite | Bi2Te2Se |
2.DC.05 | Laitakarite | Bi4(Se,S)3 |
2.DC.05 | Nevskite | Bi(Se,S) |
2.DC.05 | Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 |
2.DC.05 | Skippenite | Bi2TeSe2 |
2.DC.05 | Sulphotsumoite | Bi3Te2S |
2.DC.05 | Tellurantimony | Sb2Te3 |
2.DC.05 | Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 |
2.DC.05 | Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
2.DC.05 | Tsumoite | BiTe |
2.DC.05 | Baksanite | Bi6Te2S3 |
2.DC.05 | Joséite-C | Bi16Te3S9 |
2.DC.05 | Protojoséite | Bi3(Te,S)2 |
2.DC.05 | Sztrókayite | Bi3TeS2 |
2.DC.05 | Vihorlatite | Bi24Se17Te4 |
2.DC.05 | Telluronevskite | Bi3TeSe2 |
2.DC.05 | UM1983-09-S:BiPbTe | PbBi3S2Te |
2.DC.05 | Hitachiite | Pb5Bi2Te2S6 |
2.DC.05 | Ehrigite | Bi8Te3 |
2.DC.15 | Castaingite | CuMo2S5 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Paraguanajuatite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3091.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Paraguanajuatite
Reference List:
Earley, J. W. (1950) Description and synthesis of the selenide minerals. American Mineralogist, 35 (5-6) 337-364
Nakajima, Seizo (1963) The crystal structure of Bi2Te3−xSex. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 24. 479-485 doi:10.1016/0022-3697(63)90207-5
Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1486-8_1p.413
Localities for Paraguanajuatite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Menez +3 other references |
Canada | |
| Reyx et al. (1993) |
Finland | |
| Häkli et al. (1965) |
Germany | |
| Dill et al. (2010) |
Japan | |
| Shimizu et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Ramdohr (1948) +2 other references |
Morocco | |
| Belkabir et al. (2008) |
Portugal | |
| Gaspar (2002) |
Russia | |
| Pekov (1998) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| MineralUp (Revista de Minerales) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
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Industria Mine, Rancho Calvillo, Sierra de Santa Rosa, Guanajuato Municipality, Guanajuato, Mexico