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Kawazulite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Kawazulite (14)

Kawazulite Gallery Search Photos of Kawazulite

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Kawazulite

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Kawazulite

Enåsen Mine, Ljusdal, Gävleborg County, Sweden

Kawazulite

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Kawazulite

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Kawazulite

Enåsen Mine, Ljusdal, Gävleborg County, Sweden

Kawazulite

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Kawazulite

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Kawazulite

Enåsen Mine, Ljusdal, Gävleborg County, Sweden

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About KawazuliteHide

Stope entrance

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Formula:

Bi₂Te₂Se

Colour:

Silver to tin-white

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

1½

Specific Gravity:

8.08 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Tetradymite Group

Name:

Named for the Kawazu mine, Japan, the type locality.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Kawazu mine (Rendaiji mine; Rendaizi mine), Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Tetradymite Group.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2170

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2170:4

GUID
(UUID V4):

58286585-feaa-4f32-a3b8-c13ed72200a4

IMA Classification of KawazuliteHide

IMA status:

Approved

First published:

1970

Type description reference:

Kato, A. (1970) Kawazulite Bi2Te2S. in Introduction to Japanese Minerals, Geological Survey of Japan: 39: 87-88.

Classification of KawazuliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

2.DC.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S

Dana 8th ed.:

2.11.7.5

2 : SULFIDES
11 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 2:3

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.7.34

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Kaw	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KawazuliteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Silver to tin-white

Streak:

Light steel gray

Hardness:

1½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₅₀=100 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Flexible

Cleavage:

Perfect
{0001}

Density:

8.08 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

D(meas.) = > 7.5

Optical Data of KawazuliteHide

Anisotropism:

strong: brownish-gray to gray

Bireflectance:

Weak to moderate.

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
400nm	45.8%	50.6%
440nm	47.7%	52.0%
480nm	49.6%	54.3%
520nm	50.9%	56.0%
560nm	51.7%	56.6%
600nm	52.2%	56.8%
640nm	52.3%	56.6%
680nm	52.1%	56.3%
700nm	51.9%	56.2%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 56.8%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

Pinkish creamy white to white with a creamy tint

Chemistry of KawazuliteHide

Mindat Formula:

Bi₂Te₂Se

Elements listed:

Bi, Se, Te - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Fe,S

Crystallography of KawazuliteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral

Space Group:

R3m

Setting:

R3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.24 Å, c = 29.66 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 6.995

Unit Cell V:

461.78 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Thin foils

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0013193	Kawazulite	Nakajima S (1963) The crystal structure of Bi2Te3-xSex Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 24 479-485		1963	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Kawazulite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Nakajima S'
_journal_name_full 'Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids'
_journal_volume 24 
_journal_year 1963
_journal_page_first 479
_journal_page_last 485
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of Bi2Te3-xSex
;
_database_code_amcsd 0013193
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Bi2 (Te2 Se)'
_cell_length_a 4.298
_cell_length_b 4.298
_cell_length_c 29.774
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 476.322
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      7.866
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R -3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'y,x,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Bi   0.00000   0.00000   0.39580   1.00000   0.02343
Te1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.66667   0.02343
Se1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.33333   0.02343
Te2   0.00000   0.00000   0.21180   0.66667   0.02343
Se2   0.00000   0.00000   0.21180   0.33333   0.02343

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
4.92 Å	(40)
3.64 Å	(30)
3.12 Å	(100)
2.61 Å	(20)
2.31 Å	(50)
1.757 Å	(20)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of KawazuliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Kawazu mine (Rendaiji mine; Rendaizi mine), Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

General Appearance of Type Material:

Very thin foils up to 4 mm across, with a maximum thickness of 50 microns.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Sakurai Museum, Tokyo, and the U.S. National Museum, Washington.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Tellurium deposit

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Tellurium

Reference:

Kato, A. (1970) Kawazulite Bi2Te2S. in Introduction to Japanese Minerals, Geological Survey of Japan: 39: 87-88.

Synonyms of KawazuliteHide

IMA1968-014

Other Language Names for KawazuliteHide

German:Kawazulit

Japanese:河津鉱

Russian:Кавацулит

Spanish:Kawazulita

Relationship of Kawazulite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Tetradymite Group

Other Members of this group:

Baksanite	Bi₆Te₂S₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
Ehrigite	Bi₈Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Hedleyite	Bi₇Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Hitachiite	Pb₅Bi₂Te₂S₆	Trig. 3m : P3m1
Ingodite	Bi₂TeS	Trig.
Joséite-B	Bi₄Te₂S	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Paraguanajuatite	Bi₂Se₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Pilsenite	Bi₄Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Skippenite	Bi₂TeSe₂	Trig.
Sulphotsumoite	Bi₃Te₂S	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
Tellurantimony	Sb₂Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Tellurobismuthite	Bi₂Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Telluronevskite	Bi₃TeSe₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Tsumoite	BiTe	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
Vihorlatite	Bi₂₄Se₁₇Te₄	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

5 photos of Kawazulite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
3 photos of Kawazulite associated with Gold	Au
2 photos of Kawazulite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
2 photos of Kawazulite associated with Eurekadumpite	(Cu,Zn)₁₆(TeO₃)₂(AsO₄)₃Cl(OH)₁₈ · 7H₂O
1 photo of Kawazulite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃
1 photo of Kawazulite associated with Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
1 photo of Kawazulite associated with Quetzalcoatlite	Zn₆Cu₃(TeO₆)₂(OH)₆ · Ag_xPb_yCl_x+2y
1 photo of Kawazulite associated with Cobaltite	CoAsS

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.DC.05	Hedleyite	Bi₇Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Ikunolite	Bi₄S₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Ingodite	Bi₂TeS	Trig.
2.DC.05	Joséite	Bi₄TeS₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Joséite-A	Bi₄TeS₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Joséite-B	Bi₄Te₂S	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Nevskite	Bi(Se,S)	Trig.
2.DC.05	Paraguanajuatite	Bi₂Se₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Pilsenite	Bi₄Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Skippenite	Bi₂TeSe₂	Trig.
2.DC.05	Sulphotsumoite	Bi₃Te₂S	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
2.DC.05	Tellurantimony	Sb₂Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Tellurobismuthite	Bi₂Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Tsumoite	BiTe	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
2.DC.05	Baksanite	Bi₆Te₂S₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
2.DC.05	Joséite-C	Bi₁₆Te₃S₉
2.DC.05	Protojoséite	Bi₃(Te,S)₂	Trig.
2.DC.05	Sztrókayite	Bi₃TeS₂
2.DC.05	Vihorlatite	Bi₂₄Se₁₇Te₄	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
2.DC.05	Telluronevskite	Bi₃TeSe₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
2.DC.05	UM1983-09-S:BiPbTe	PbBi₃S₂Te
2.DC.05	Hitachiite	Pb₅Bi₂Te₂S₆	Trig. 3m : P3m1
2.DC.05	Ehrigite	Bi₈Te₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.DC.15	Castaingite	CuMo₂S₅	Hex.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KawazuliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2170.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Kawazulite on Webmineral

Look for Kawazulite on Wikipedia

Look for Kawazulite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for KawazuliteHide

Reference List:

Nakajima, Seizo (1963) The crystal structure of Bi₂Te_3−xSe_x. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 24. 479-485 doi:10.1016/0022-3697(63)90207-5

Kato, A. (1970) Kawazulite Bi2Te2S. in Introduction to Japanese Minerals, Geological Survey of Japan: 39: 87-88.

Fleischer, Michael (1972) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 57 (7-8) 1311-1317

Miller, R. (1981) Kawazulite Bi₂Te₂Se, related bismuth minerals and selenian covellite from the Northwest Territories. The Canadian Mineralogist, 19 (2) 341-348

Shimizu, M. (1995) Kawazulite and unnamed Bi3(Te,Se,S)4 in Ag-Bi-Te-Se-S mineralization from the Suttsu mine, Hokkaido, Japan. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 169: 305-308.

Cook, N. J., Ciobanu, C. L., Wagner, T., Stanley, C. J. (2007) Minerals of the system Bi–Te–Se–S related to the tetradymite archetype: review of classification and compositional variation. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45 (4) 665-708 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.665

nature.com (n.d.) http://nature.com/news/lab-made-supermaterial-that-could-boost-computing-exists-in-nature-too-1.12569

(2023) Kawazulite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for KawazuliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Salta Province Los Andes department San Antonio de los Cobres Organullo mining district ⓘ Julio Verne mine	DE BRODTKORB +2 other references

Australia
South Australia Roxby Downs ⓘ Olympic Dam Mine	Ehrig et al. (2012)

Bulgaria
Pazardzhik Province Panagyurishte Municipality Elshitsa ⓘ Elshitsa mine	Cook et al. (2002)
Sofia Province Chelopech Municipality ⓘ Chelopech Au-Cu Mine	Bonev +4 other references
Etropole Municipality ⓘ Elatsite Mine	Georgiev (2008)

Canada
Northwest Territories Mazenod Lake District Diane Lake ⓘ Sue-Dianne deposit	Anthony et al. (1990)
Ontario Greater Sudbury Wisner Township ⓘ Broken Hammer Deposit	Ames et al. (2007) +1 other reference
ⓘ Wisner West Deposit	Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June)

Chad
Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Region Pala ⓘ Goueyegoudoum	Rigobert et al. (2013)

Cuba
Pinar del Río Province Santa Lucia-Matahambre district ⓘ Matahambre Mine	Pérez-Vázquez et al. (1998)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region ⓘ Jílové gold mining district ?	Mineral label from Steffen Mockel. In ... +1 other reference
Ústí nad Labem Region Děčín District ⓘ Jílové	Thorne (n.d.)

Finland
Lapland Sodankylä Viiankiaapa mire area ⓘ Sakattilampi (Sakatti deposit)	Fröhlich et al. (2021)
North Ostrobothnia ⓘ Kuusamo	Kalinin (2021)
ⓘ Juomasuo	Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ... +1 other reference
South Savo Rantasalmi ⓘ Osikonmäki (Osikko)	Kojonen

Greece
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Evros Alexandroupoli ⓘ Perama Hill deposit	Voudouris et al. (2011)

Hungary
Heves County Gyöngyös District Gyöngyössolymos ⓘ Névtelen Hill-Nyírjes	GEODA
Pétervására District Recsk ⓘ Lahóca Hill	Takács et al. (2017)

Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Shiribeshi Subprefecture ⓘ Suttsu mine	Shuji Ono (2004) +3 other references
Shizuoka Prefecture Shimoda City Rendaiji ⓘ Kawazu mine (Rendaiji mine; Rendaizi mine) (TL)	Kato (1970) +3 other references
Yamaguchi Prefecture Mine City Naganobori mine ⓘ Eboshi Deposit	Nagashima et al. (2021)

Norway
Telemark Fyresdal ⓘ Moisesberg Mines	Nordrum (2006)
ⓘ Grusen Mine	Ciobanu et al. (2009)
ⓘ Moberg Mine	Nordrum (2001)

Philippines
Luzon Cordillera Administrative Region Benguet Province Mankayan ⓘ Victoria Mine	Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ...

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kamienna Góra County Gmina Kamienna Góra Rędziny ⓘ Dolomitic marble quarry	Pieczka et al. (2011)

Romania
Caraş-Severin County ⓘ Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District	Cook et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Ocna de Fier ⓘ Simon Iuda deposit	Mineralogical Magazine (3)

Russia
Bashkortostan Uchalinsky District ⓘ Molodezhn deposit	Vikentev (2016, April)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Okhotsk-Chukotka belt ⓘ Svetloye epithermal district	Yakich et al. (2021)
Khabarovsk Krai ⓘ Malmyzh porphyry copper project	Буханова (2018)
Komi Republic Kozhim River Basin ⓘ Kozhym’yu deposit	Kuznetsov et al. (2012, January)
Maldynyrd range (Maldy-nyrd range) ⓘ Nesterovskoe deposit	Moralev et al. (2005)
Murmansk Oblast Northern Karelia Salla-Kuolajarvi belt ⓘ Mayskoe deposit	Kalinin (2021)
ⓘ Ozernoe Uranium Occurrence	Kalinin (2021) +1 other reference
Tuva Sut-Kholsky District Aldan-Maadyr ore cluster ⓘ Ulug-Sair Gold Occurrence	Kuzhuget et al. (2022)

Spain
Asturias Belmonte de Miranda ⓘ El Valle-Boinás Mine	Cepedal et al. (2004)

Sweden
Gävleborg County Ljusdal ⓘ Enåsen Mine
Södermanland County Nyköping Tunaberg Dammgruvan Ore Field ⓘ Dammgruvan Mine	Dobbe (1991)
ⓘ Tunaberg Cu-Co Ore Field	Dobbe (1991)
Värmland County Arvika Glava ⓘ Glava copper mining field (Yttre Rud Mines)	Cook et al. (2007) +1 other reference

USA
California San Bernardino County Silver Lake Mining District Soda Mountains Zzyzx ⓘ Blue Bell Mine	Collected by and in the collection of ...
ⓘ B-Site	Collected Jan. 2021 by Michael J. ...
ⓘ E-Site	Collected by and in the collection of ...
ⓘ Upper D-Site	Collected by and in the collection of ...
Nevada Lander County Bullion Mining District Robertson - Triplet Project ⓘ Gold Pan zone	Mankins (2022)
ⓘ Porphyry zone	Mankins (2022)
Mineral County Fitting Mining District Kinkaid ⓘ Montreal Canyon	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
White Pine County Ward Mining District ⓘ Ward Mine	Castor et al. (2004)

Uzbekistan
Navoiy Central Kyzylkum Region Zarafshan Muruntau ore field ⓘ Muruntau Mine	Rustam Koneev et al. (2005)
ⓘ Myutenbai Ag-Au deposit	Koneev et al. (2005)
Tashkent Region Ohangaron District ⓘ Kairagach Au deposit	Kovalenker (2003) +1 other reference

Kawazulite

About KawazuliteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of KawazuliteHide

Classification of KawazuliteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of KawazuliteHide

Optical Data of KawazuliteHide

Chemistry of KawazuliteHide

Crystallography of KawazuliteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of KawazuliteHide

Synonyms of KawazuliteHide

Other Language Names for KawazuliteHide

Relationship of Kawazulite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for KawazuliteHide

References for KawazuliteHide

Localities for KawazuliteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide