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Lithiophilite

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Foote Lithium Co. Mine (Foote Mine), Kings Mountain District, Cleveland Co., North Carolina, USA
© 2005 JBS

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Formula:
LiMn
2+
 
PO
 
4
System:OrthorhombicColour:Reddish-Brown, yellowish ...
Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, GreasyHardness:4
Member of:Triphylite Group
Name:Named by George Brush and Edward Dana in 1878 for LITHIum and the Greek φιλός for "friend" in allusion to its composition containing lithium.
Isostructural with:Olivine


Triphylite Group. Triphylite-Lithiophilite Series.

A complete series exists with Triphylite.

Classification of Lithiophilite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.02-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AB.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 7th edition ID:38.1.1.2
Dana 8th edition ID:38.1.1.2

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
1 : ABXO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.1.10

19 : Phosphates
1 : Phosphates of the alkali metals
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Type Occurrence of Lithiophilite

Type Locality:Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Town of Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., Connecticut, USA
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Yale University, Connecticut 3.5641 3.5645
Year of Discovery:1878
Geological Setting of type material:Granite Pegmatite.

Occurrences of Lithiophilite

Geological Setting:Granite pegmatites, especially the "complex" type containing lithium and phosphate species.

Physical Properties of Lithiophilite

Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Reddish-Brown, yellowish brown, golden-yellow, salmon-orange; colourless to light yellow, pink in transmitted light.
Comment:Low Fe mineral is pale pinkish brown to orange
Streak:Colorless to Grayish White
Hardness (Mohs):4
Cleavage:Very Good
On {001} nearly perfect; on {010} imperfect; on {011} interrupted.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.29 - 3.50 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.433 g/cm3
Comment:Value for the Mn end-member.

Crystallography of Lithiophilite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pmna {P2/m 2/n 21/a}
Space Group Setting:Pmna
Cell Parameters:a = 6.094(5) Å, b = 10.427(5) Å, c = 4.743(1) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.584 : 1 : 0.455
Unit Cell Volume:V 301.38 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals rare; commonly coarse with uneven surfaces; stout prismatic [001]. Usually massive, rarely granular.
Twinning:Rare contact twins on {130}
Comment:Pmnb AC (1960) 13: 325; Isotypic with olivine
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
5.23 (60)
4.31 (60)
3.96 (30)
3.52 (70)
3.05 (90)
2.55 (100)
2.49 (30)
1.762 (30)
Comments:ICDD 33-803; also 33-804, 13-336, 33-802 (oxidized and Li leached).

Optical Data of Lithiophilite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.663 - 1.685 nβ = 1.663 - 1.685 nγ = 1.673 - 1.691
2V:Measured: 30° to 70°, Calculated: 68°
Birefringence:0.008
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.010

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:strong r < v
Optical Extinction:Parallel, XYZ = abc
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X= deep pink
Y= pale greenish yellow
Z= pale pink
Comments:May be black due to oxidation and staining; Mg reduces RI (Am Min 28:90 (1943))

Chemical Properties of Lithiophilite

Formula:
LiMn
2+
 
PO
 
4
Essential elements:Li, Mn, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Li, Mn, O, P
Common Impurities:Mg,Ca,Fe

Relationship of Lithiophilite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Triphylite (see here)
Member of:Triphylite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Ferrisicklerite
Li
 
1-x
(Fe
3+
x
Fe
2+
1-x
)PO
 
4
Karenwebberite
Na(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)PO
 
4
Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
PO
 
4
Sicklerite
Li
 
1-x
(Mn
3+
x
Mn
2+
1-x
)PO
 
4
Triphylite
LiFe
2+
 
PO
 
4
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.AB.05Farringtonite
Mg
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.10Ferrisicklerite
Li
 
1-x
(Fe
3+
x
Fe
2+
1-x
)PO
 
4
8.AB.10Heterosite
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)PO
 
4
8.AB.10Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
PO
 
4
8.AB.10Purpurite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)PO
 
4
8.AB.10Sicklerite
Li
 
1-x
(Mn
3+
x
Mn
2+
1-x
)PO
 
4
8.AB.10Simferite
Li(Mg,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.10Triphylite
LiFe
2+
 
PO
 
4
8.AB.10Karenwebberite
Na(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)PO
 
4
8.AB.15Sarcopside
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.15Chopinite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.20Beusite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mg)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.20Graftonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.25Xanthiosite
Ni
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.30Lammerite
Cu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.30Lammerite-β
Cu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.35Mcbirneyite
Cu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.35Stranskiite
Zn
 
2
Cu(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.35Pseudolyonsite
Cu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.40Lyonsite
Cu
 
3
Fe
 
4
(VO
 
4
)
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.1.1Lithiophosphate
Li
 
3
PO
 
4
19.1.2Olympite
Na
 
5
Li(PO
 
4
)
 
2
19.1.3Nahpoite
Na
 
2
HPO
 
4
19.1.4Dorfmanite
Na
 
2
HPO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.1.5Nalipoite
NaLi
 
2
PO
 
4
19.1.6Stercorite
Na(NH
 
4
)HPO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.1.7Archerite
(K,NH
 
4
)(H
 
2
PO
 
4
)
19.1.8Biphosphammite
(NH
 
4
,K)(H
 
2
PO
 
4
)
19.1.9Phosphammite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)
19.1.11Sicklerite
Li
 
1-x
(Mn
3+
x
Mn
2+
1-x
)PO
 
4
19.1.12Ferrisicklerite
Li
 
1-x
(Fe
3+
x
Fe
2+
1-x
)PO
 
4
19.1.13Triphylite
LiFe
2+
 
PO
 
4
19.1.14Tavorite
LiFe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
19.1.15Marićite
NaFe
2+
 
(PO
 
4
)
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
38.1.1.1Triphylite
LiFe
2+
 
PO
 
4
38.1.1.3Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
PO
 
4

Other Names for Lithiophilite

Synonyms:
LithioliteLithio-Mangano-Triphylite
Other Languages:
German:Lithiolit
Lithiophilit
Spanish:Lithiolita
Lithiophilita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent
Other Information:Soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Lithiophilite

Reference List:

- +
Brush and Dana (1878) American Journal of Science: 16: 118.

Brush and Dana (1879) American Journal of Science: 18: 45.

Goldschmidt, V. (1923) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text. Heidelberg: vol. 9: 6.

Vassar in: Landes (1925) American Mineralogist: 10: 383.

Berggren analysis in: Quensel (1937) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 59: 77.

Mason (1941) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 63: 117.

Mason (1942) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 64: 335.

Lindberg (1950) American Mineralogist: 35: 59.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 665-669.

Acta Crystallographica: 13: 325-331.

American Mineralogist (1968): 53: 1804.

Internet Links for Lithiophilite

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    • Localities for Lithiophilite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Salta
      • Nevados de Palermo
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    • San Luis
      • Coronel Pringles Department
    		Hatert, F., Roda-Robles, E., de Parseval, P. and Wouters, J. (2012): Zavalíaite, (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)3(PO4)2, a new member of the sarcopside group from the La Empleada pegmatite, San Loius Province, Argentina. Canadian Mineralogist.50, 1445-1452
    Collection of NHM, Vienna; Am Min 53:1799-1812
        • Totoral pegmatitic field
          • La Florida
    		No reference listed
    GALLISKI M.A., CERNÝ P., OYARZÁBAL J., CHAPMAN R. and MÁRQUEZ-ZAVALÍA M. F., THE ASSOCIATION QINGHEIITE-BEUSITE-LITHIOPHILITE IN THE SANTA ANA PEGMATITE, SAN LUIS, ARGENTINA, 6 CONGRESO DE MINERALOGIA Y METALOGENIA: 157. (2002); OYARZABAL, J. and GALLISKI, M.A.. Hureaulite, Mn+25(H2O)4[PO3(OH)]2[PO4]2, from different deposits of the Totoral pegmatitic field, San Luis. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2007, vol.62, n.2, pp. 210-216.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
        • Mugarinya Community
    		Pegmatites of Western Australia; M Jacobson, M Calderwood, B Grguric; Hesperian Press Perth 2007
    American Mineralogist (1928): 13: 457; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.; Mason, B. & Dunn, P.J. (1974): An unusual occurrence of Bobierrite at Wodgina, Western Australia. Mineralogical Record 5 (6): 265
        • Wodgina Mine (Wodgina pegmatite)
    		Pegmatites of Western Australia; M Jacobson, M Calderwood, B Grguric; Hesperian Press, Perth, 2007.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Koralpe
        • Moschkogel - Weinebene area
          • Brandrücken
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Wachau
        • Spitz
          • Miesling valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce valley
        • Galiléia
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
        • Mendes Pimentel
    		Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.; Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.; Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
        • Poços de Caldas
    		Waber (1991)
    • Paraíba
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Pedra Lavrada
    		Am Min (1955) 40:55-63
    • Rio Grande do Norte
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Parelhas
    		[MinRec 29:196]; Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Bird River Greenstone Belt
        • Greer Lake
    		Phillips, K. A. (1978) Minerals of Manitoba: Vol 1 Nonmetallic and pegmatic. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/1
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		[MinRec 32:416]; Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
    • Northwest Territories
      • Tungsten
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41, pp. 139-160 (2003)
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    • Nova Scotia
      • Yarmouth Co.
    		Hughes, Steven G., "Internal Zonation and Mineralogy of the Brazil Lake Pegmatite", Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, Saint Mary's University, Augist 1995.
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Red Lake
    		Andrew G. Tindle, Fred W. Breaks and Julie B. Selway (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype granitic pegmatites; evidence of fractionation and contamination from the Paleagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist 40:753-78
    • Québec
      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
        • Abitibi RCM
          • La Motte
    		Sabina, A.P. (2003) Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 308 p.
    China
     
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
          • Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.)
            • Koktokay pegmatite field (Keketuohai pegmatite field)
              • Altay Mine
    		Zhang Rubo (1981): Geological Review 27(1), 1-7.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Sidamo-Borana Province
      • Kenticha pegmatite field
    		A Geological Excursion To The Mesozoic Sediments Of The Abay Basin ( Blue Nile), Recent Volcanics Of The Ethiopian Main Rift And Basement Rocks Of The Adola Rea, Ethiopia. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges. 147 (2002)
    Finland
     
    • Western and Inner Finland Region
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    Sandström, F. & Lahti, S.I. (2009): Viitaniemipegmatiten i Eräjärvi, Orivesi, Finland. Litiofilen 26 (1): 11-38
    France
     
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Razès
    		"Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
        • Saint-Sylvestre
    		"Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Carlow
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Lecco Province
        • Colico
    		Gramaccioli C.M. (1975) - Minerali alpini e prealpini. Vpl. I, pagg. 214-215. Ist. Ital. Ed. Atlas, Bergamo
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region
        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Ibity area)
          • Sahatany Valley
    		Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de doctorat de L'Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
          • Ambatofinandrahana District
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p 47
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    		Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497.
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Brandberg Area
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 640 pp. (in English)
      • Karibib District
        • Daheim Farm 106
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 640 pp. (in English)
        • Donkerhuk Farm 91
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 640 pp. (in English)
        • Goabeb Farm 63
    		Mineralogical Research Co. specimen
        • Okatjimukuju Farm 55 (Friedrichsfelde Farm)
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 640 pp. (in English)
    Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 640 pp. (in English)
        • Okongava Ost Farm 72
    		Keller, P. (1991): The occurrence of Li-Fe-Mn phosphate minerals in granitic pegmatites of Namibia. Communs. Geol. Surv. Namibia, 7, 21-34.
    Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
      • Swakopmund District
        • Cape Cross area
    		http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html
    Norway
     
    • Nordland
      • Meløy
        • Holandsfjord
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 115
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Sabugal
        • Bendada
    		Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Caminha
        • Arga de Baixo/Arga de Cima
    		no reference ( self-finds )
    • Viseu District
      • Mangualde
        • Chãs de Tavares
    		Rui Nunes 29th May, 2007
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
        • Mesquitela
    		various photographs
    Russia
     
    • Southern Siberia
      • Sayan Mts
        • Eastern Sayan
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Rwanda
     
    • Western Province
      • Gatumba District
    		Daltry, V.D.C. and O. von Knorring (1998) Type-Mineralogy of Rwanda with Particular Reference to the Buranga Pegmatite. Geologica Belgica 1:1-9
    Bertossa, A., 1967. Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda 4, 25-45.
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
        • Steinkopf
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Maricopa Co.
        • White Picacho District
          • San Domingo Wash
    		Am Min 67:97-113
      • Mohave Co.
        • Big Sandy Valley
          • Wikieup area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 279.
      • Yavapai Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 253, 279; Jahns, Richard H. (1952), Pegmatite Deposits of the White Picacho District, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona, Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 162.
          • Independence Gulch
    		Am Min 67:97-113
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 260, 279; Jahns, R.H. (1952), Pegmatite deposits of the White Picacho district, Maricopa and Yavapai Cos., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 47, 98-103.
    Am Min 67:97-113
    Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 87-90.
    Jahns, Richard H. (1952), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 162: 86-87.
    Am Min 67:97-113
    • California
      • San Diego Co.
        • Jacumba District
          • Jacumba
            • Tule Mountain (Mount Tule; Tulley Mountain)
    		Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407 Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
    Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407
        • Pala District
          • Pala
            • Chief Mountain
    		Mineralogical Record (2002): 33(5): 388. Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
            • Hiriart Mountain (Hariat Mtn; Harriot Mtn; Heriart Mtn; Heriot Mtn; Hiriat Hill)
    		Rocks & Minerals, May, 1999 Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
    Anonymous (1951), World news on mineral occurrences: Rocks & Minerals: 26: 265-279; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 245.
    Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 38, pp. 1399-1408 (2000)
            • Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn)
    		Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World.
    Sheppard, J. B. (2008), History of the surface prospects and underground mining developments made along the northern portion of the Stewart pegmatite; personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company (SDMC). June/July.
    Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 40; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 312; San Diego Mining Company (2003).
    Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 40-41; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 312; San Diego Mining Company, 2001.
        • Rincon District
          • Rincon
            • Rincon Mountain
    		Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: p. 389-390.
    Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
        • Warner Springs District
          • Chihuahua Valley
    		San Diego Mining Company, 2007.
    • Colorado
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Clear Creek pegmatite Province
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Larimer Co.
        • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite District (Storm Mountain District)
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 30 (Table A-1).
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; USGS Prof. Paper 227
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
        • Town of Ridgefield
          • Branchville
    		Brush and Dana (1878); Shainin (1946) American Mineralogist 31: 329-345; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667, 671, 855, 938.; USGS Prof Paper 255; Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Portland
          • Collins Hill
            • Strickland pegmatite (Strickland-Cramer Quarry; Strickland-Cramer Mine; Strickland-Cramer Feldspar-Mica Quarries)
    		Little, L. W. (1942): Recent Finds of Minerals in Central Connecticut. Rocks and Minerals. vol. 17, pp 280-2.; Bartsch, Rudolf C. B. (1940): New England Notes. Rocks & Minerals, vol. 15, no. 6, p. 202.
    Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
    • Idaho
      • Latah Co.
        • Avon District (Mica Mountain District)
          • Sand Mountain
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin Co.
        • Auburn
          • East Mount Apatite District
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
          • West Mount Apatite District
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
    No reference listed
    Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336. Wilson, W. E. (1977): Famous mineral localities: The Pulsifer Quarry. Mineralogical Record 8 (2), 72-77; Rocks and Minerals, (1997) 72:44-48
    No reference listed
        • Poland
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Town of Baldwin
          • West Baldwin
    		Rocks & Min. (May, 1999); Thompson, W.B., et,al., 2000, Rocks & Minerals, vol. 75, no. 6, pgs 408-418; Rocks and Minerals (1999) 74:188,189
      • Oxford Co.
        • Buckfield
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
        • Greenwood
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, in Mineralogy of Maine v2, p. 333-336.; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130
          • Uncle Tom Mountain
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, in Mineralogy of Maine v2, p. 333-336.; Mineral News (1995) 11:2 pp1,2,5; Mineral News (1991) 7:3 pp6,7,10; Mineralogical Record (1991) 22:381-393
        • Hebron
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
        • Newry
    		Cameron, Eugene N.; and others (1954) Pegmatite investigations, 1942-45, in New England. USGS Professional Paper 255.
        • Norway
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analysis of Primary Phosphates ..., Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2.
        • Paris
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Huntington
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Marlow
    		Personal collection and XRD analysis by Fred E Davis
      • Grafton Co.
        • Alexandria
    		Rocks & Min.: 17:250; Morrill, P., 1960, New Hampshire Mines and Mineral Localities.; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index
        • Grafton
    		Morrill, P., 1960, New Hampshire Mines and Mineral Localities.; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index
        • Groton
    		Morrill, P., 1960, New Hampshire Mines and Mineral Localities.
    No reference listed
      • Rockingham Co.
        • Raymond
    		Francis, C. A. (1985): Minerals of the Chandler Mine, A Zoned Lithium Rich Pegmatite (Rocks and Minerals, 60:263-264) Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336. Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index
      • Strafford Co.
        • Farmington
    		No reference listed
    • New Mexico
      • Taos Co.
        • Picuris District
    		Jahns, R. H. and Ewing, R. C. (1977): The Harding mine, Taos County, New Mexico. Mineralogical Record, 8 (2): 115-126.
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    		Wilson,W.F and Mckenzie,B.J ,1978, Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina,Information Circular 24
    John S. White, "Mineralogy of the Foote Mine" in Geol. Invest. of the Kings Mtn. Belt...1981; Am Min 54 (1969), 1467-1469 ; Thomssen, R. W. & Anthony, J. W. (1977): Lithiophilite crystals from the Foote mine. Mineralogical Record 8 (2): 95-97; Rocks and Minerals, (1985) 60:76-82; Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook 1981, 39-48
    Kesler,T.L.,1942,The Tin-Spodumene Belt Of The Carolinas:USGS Bulletion No.936-J
    Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C,1881,Mineral and Mineral Localities of North Carolina,Geologic Survey
    Wenger, Marc.,Armbruster,Thomas.,and Greiger,Charles A.(1991) Cation Distribution In Partially Ordered Columbite From The Kings Mountain Pegmatite, North Carolina: American Mineralogist,Vol.76 p.1897-1904
        • Lincolnton
    		Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C, 1881,Mineral Localities of North Carolina, Geologic Survey, North Carolina
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Berne
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336.
          • Custer
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analyses of Primary Phosphates from Pegmatites in Maine and Other Localities, in V. T. King (editor), Mineralogy of Maine. Mining History, Gems, and Geology, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, p. 333-336. R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    USGS Prof Paper 297D
          • Fourmile
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Unorganized District
    		USGS Prof Paper 297D
    USGS Prof Paper 297D
      • Lawrence Co.
        • Tinton pegmatite District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Hill City District
    		USGS Bull 380D
        • Keystone District
          • Glendale
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 116.
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
          • Keystone
    		U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 297
    Dana 6: 1088; Rocks & Minerals: 10: 121-122,146-147.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).; USGS Bull 380D; USGS Prof Paper 297A
    Norton, James J. (1964) Pegmatites and other Precambrian Rocks in the Southern Black Hills; Geology and mineral deposits of some pegmatites in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. USGS Professional Paper 297E.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 33 (Table A-1).
        • Oreville District
    		USGS Bull 380D
    • Wisconsin
      • Florence Co.
        • Fern
    		The Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Animikie Red Ace Pegmatite, Florence County, Wisconsin. Alexander U. Falster, Wm. B. Simmons, and Karen L. Webber, Recent Research Developments in Mineralogy, 1(1996); Rocks and Minerals 63:455
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Mashonaland East
      • Mudzi District
    		Hornung. G. PhD thesis. Pegmatites of th N. Mtoko Region. University of Leeds, Research Institute of African Geology. !961
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