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Lithiophilite

Formula:
LiMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Reddish-Brown, yellowish ...
Lustre:Vitreous, ResinousHardness:4 - 5
Name:From LITHIum and the Greek φιλός for "friend" in allusion to its composition containing lithium.


Triphylite Group Triphylite-Lithiophilite Series

A complete series exists with Triphylite.

Classification of Lithiophilite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.02-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AB.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 7th edition ID:38.1.1.2
Dana 8th edition ID:38.1.1.2

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
1 : ABXO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.1.10

19 : Phosphates
1 : Phosphates of the alkali metals
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Type Occurrence of Lithiophilite

Type Locality:Branchville Mica mine (Branchville Quarry; Fillow Quarry), Branchville, Fairfield Co., Connecticut, USA
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Yale University, Connecticut 3.5641 3.5645
Year of Discovery:1878
Geological Setting of type material:Pegmatite.

Occurrences of Lithiophilite

Geological Setting:Granite pegmatites, especially the "complex" type containing lithium and phosphate species.

Physical Properties of Lithiophilite

Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Reddish-Brown, yellowish brown, golden-yellow, salmon-orange; colourless to light yellow, pink in transmitted light.
Streak:Colorless to Grayish White
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 5
Cleavage:Very Good
On {100} nearly perfect; on {010} imperfect; on {011} interrupted.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.345 - 3.5 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.433 g/cm3
Comment:Value for the Mn end-member.

Crystallography of Lithiophilite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 6.094(5) Å, b = 10.427(5) Å, c = 4.743(1) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.584 : 1 : 0.455
Unit Cell Volume:V 301.38 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals rare; commonly coarse wuith uneven surfaces; stout prismatic [100]. Usually massive, cleavable to compact.
Twinning:Rare contact twins on {130}

Optical Data of Lithiophilite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.669 nβ = 1.673 nγ = 1.682
2V:Measured: 48° to 70°, Calculated: 68°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.013

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:strong r < v
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X= deep pink
Y= pale greenish yellow
Z= pale pink

Chemical Properties of Lithiophilite

Formula:
LiMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Li, Mn, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Li, Mn, O, P
Common Impurities:Mg,Ca,Fe

Relationship of Lithiophilite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Triphylite (see here)
Related to:
  • Triphylite Group
  • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    8.AB.05Farringtonite
    Mg
     
    3
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    8.AB.10Ferrisicklerite
    (Fe
    3+
     
    ,LiMn
    2+
     
    )[PO
     
    4
    ]
    8.AB.10Heterosite
    (Fe
    3+
     
    ,Mn
    3+
     
    )[PO
     
    4
    ]
    8.AB.10Natrophilite
    NaMn
    2+
     
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
    8.AB.10Purpurite
    (Mn
    3+
     
    ,Fe
    3+
     
    )[PO
     
    4
    ]
    8.AB.10Sicklerite
    (LiMn
    2+
     
    ,Fe
    3+
     
    )[PO
     
    4
    ]
    8.AB.10Simferite
    Li(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    ,Mn
    2+
     
    )[PO
     
    4
    ]
    8.AB.10Triphylite
    LiFe
    2+
     
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
    8.AB.15Sarcopside
    (Fe
    2+
     
    ,Mn
    2+
     
    ,Mg)
     
    3
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    8.AB.15Chopinite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    )
     
    3
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    8.AB.20Beusite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    ,Fe
    2+
     
    ,Ca,Mg)
     
    3
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    8.AB.20Graftonite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    ,Mn
    2+
     
    ,Ca)
     
    3
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    8.AB.25Xanthiosite
    Ni
     
    3
    [AsO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    8.AB.30Lammerite
    Cu
     
    3
    [AsO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    8.AB.35Mcbirneyite
    Cu
     
    3
    (VO
     
    4
    )
     
    2
    8.AB.35Stranskiite
    (Zn,Cu)
     
    3
    [AsO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    8.AB.40Lyonsite
    Cu
     
    3
    Fe
     
    4
    (VO
     
    4
    )
     
    6
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    19.1.1Lithiophosphate
    Li
     
    3
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
    19.1.2Olympite
    Na
     
    5
    Li[PO
     
    4
    ]
     
    2
    19.1.3Nahpoite
    Na
     
    2
    HPO
     
    4
    19.1.4Dorfmanite
    Na
     
    2
    (PO
     
    3
    OH)·2H
     
    2
    O
    19.1.5Nalipoite
    NaLi
     
    2
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
    19.1.6Stercorite
    NaNH
     
    4
    HPO
     
    4
    ·4H
     
    2
    O
    19.1.7Archerite
    (K,NH
     
    4
    )[H
     
    2
    PO
     
    4
    ]
    19.1.8Biphosphammite
    (NH
     
    4
    ,K)H
     
    2
    PO
     
    4
    19.1.9Phosphammite
    (NH
     
    4
    )
     
    2
    HPO
     
    4
    19.1.11Sicklerite
    (LiMn
    2+
     
    ,Fe
    3+
     
    )[PO
     
    4
    ]
    19.1.12Ferrisicklerite
    (Fe
    3+
     
    ,LiMn
    2+
     
    )[PO
     
    4
    ]
    19.1.13Triphylite
    LiFe
    2+
     
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
    19.1.14Tavorite
    LiFe
    3+
     
    [OH|PO
     
    4
    ]
    19.1.15Marićite
    NaFe
    2+
     
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
    Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):
    38.1.1.1Triphylite
    LiFe
    2+
     
    [PO
     
    4
    ]
    38.1.1.3Natrophilite
    NaMn
    2+
     
    [PO
     
    4
    ]

    Other Names for Lithiophilite

    Synonyms:
    LithioliteLithio-Mangano-Triphylite
    German names:
    LithiolitLithiophilit
    Spanish names:
    LithiolitaLithiophilita

    Other Information

    Other Information:Soluble in acids.
    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Lithiophilite

    Reference List:Brush and Dana (1878) American Journal of Science: 16: 118.

    Brush and Dana (1879) American Journal of Science: 18: 45.

    Goldschmidt, V. (1923) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text. Heidelberg: vol. 9: 6.

    Vassar in: Landes (1925) American Mineralogist: 10: 383.

    Berggren analysis in: Quensel (1937) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 59: 77.

    Mason (1941) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 63: 117.

    Mason (1942) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 64: 335.

    Lindberg (1950) American Mineralogist: 35: 59.

    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 665-669.

    Acta Crystallographica: 13: 325-331.

    American Mineralogist (1968): 53: 1804.

    Internet Links for Lithiophilite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Lithiophilite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Lithiophilite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Lithiophilite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Salta
      • Nevados de Palermo
    • San Luis
      • Capital Department
        • La Florida
    No reference listed
      • Coronel Pringles Department
    Collection of NHM, Vienna; Am Min 53:1799-1812
    GALLISKI M.A., CERNÝ P., OYARZÁBAL J., CHAPMAN R. and MÁRQUEZ-ZAVALÍA M. F., THE ASSOCIATION QINGHEIITE-BEUSITE-LITHIOPHILITE IN THE SANTA ANA PEGMATITE, SAN LUIS, ARGENTINA, 6 CONGRESO DE MINERALOGIA Y METALOGENIA: 157. (2002)
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • East Pilbara Shire
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    American Mineralogist (1928): 13: 457; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Moschkogel Mt. - Weinebene area
          • Brandrücken
    G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Spitz
          • Miesling valley
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • Northeast Region
      • Rio Grande do Norte
        • Seridó Oriental
          • Parelhas
    [MinRec 29:196]
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Mendes Pimentel
    Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.; Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.; Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.
        • Poços de Caldas
    Waber (1991)
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    [MinRec 32:416]
    • Northwest Territories
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    Finland
     
    • Etelä-Suomen Lääni
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    No reference listed
    France
     
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Razès
    "Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
        • Saint-Sylvestre
    "Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Carlow
    No reference listed
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region)
        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Bity (Ibity) area)
          • Sahatany Valley
    Ranorosoa, N (1986) : Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagscar. These de doctorat, Toulouse
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
          • Ambatofinandrahana Departement
    J. Behier (1960): Contribution à la Mineralogie de Madagascar. Ann.Geol.Mad. XXIX, p 47
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Okongava-Ost farm
    Keller, P. (1991): The occurrence of Li-Fe-Mn phosphate minerals in granitic pegmatites of Namibia. Communs. Geol. Surv. Namibia, 7, 21-34.
      • Swakopmund District
        • Cape Cross area
    http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html
    Norway
     
    • Nordland
      • Meløy
        • Holandsfjord
    R. Kristiansen (1971, pers. com.); Neumann (1985, p. 115).
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Gouveia
        • Folgosinho
      • Sabugal
    Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Caminha
        • Arga de Baixo/Arga de Cima
    no reference ( self-finds )
    • Viseu District
      • Mangualde
        • Chãs de Tavares
    Rui Nunes 29th May, 2007
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    Russia
     
    • Southern Siberia region
      • Eastern Sayan
    P.M. Kartashov data
    Rwanda
     
    • Gisenyi Province
      • Gatumba District
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
        • Steinkopf
    Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Maricopa Co.
        • White Picacho District
          • San Domingo Wash
    Am Min 67:97-113
      • Mohave Co.
        • Big Sandy Valley
          • Wikieup area
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 279.
      • Yavapai Co.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 253, 279; Jahns, Richard H. (1952), Pegmatite Deposits of the White Picacho District, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona, Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 162.
          • Independence Gulch
    Am Min 67:97-113
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 260, 279; Jahns, R.H. (1952), Pegmatite deposits of the White Picacho district, Maricopa and Yavapai Cos., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 47, 98-103.
    Am Min 67:97-113
    Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 87-90.
    Jahns, Richard H. (1952), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 162: 86-87.
    Am Min 67:97-113
    • California
      • San Diego Co.
        • Jacumba District
          • Mt. Tule
    Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407
    Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407
        • Pala District
          • Chief Mountain
    Mineralogical Record (2002): 33(5): 388.
          • Hiriart Mountain (Heriart; Heriot; Hiriat Hill)
    Rocks & Minerals, May, 1999
    Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 38, pp. 1399-1408 (2000)
    No reference listed
          • Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala; Queen)
    Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World
    • Colorado
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Clear Creek pegmatite Province
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Larimer Co.
        • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite District (Storm Mountain District)
    Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 30 (Table A-1).
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
        • Branchville
    American Mineralogist (1946): 31: 329-345; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667, 671, 855, 938.
      • Middlesex Co.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 702; Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State (Taylor Assoc./Mineralogical Press)
    • Idaho
      • Latah Co.
        • Avon District (Mica Mountain District)
          • Sand Mountain
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin Co.
        • Auburn
          • Mt. Apatite District
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Poland
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Baldwin
    Rocks & Min. (May, 1999)
      • Oxford Co.
        • Buckfield
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
        • Greenwood
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Norway
    Moore, P. B., 2000, Analysis of Primary Phosphates ..., Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2.
        • Paris
    Moore, P., 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2.
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Huntington
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Marlow
    Personal collection and XRD analysis by Fred E Davis
      • Grafton Co.
        • Alexandria
    Rocks & Min.: 17:250.
        • Grafton
    No reference listed
        • Groton
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
      • Rockingham Co.
        • Raymond
      • Strafford Co.
        • Farmington
    No reference listed
      • Sullivan Co.
        • Newport
    No reference listed
    • New Mexico
      • Taos Co.
        • Picuris District
    Min Rec 8:2 pp115-126 The Harding Mine Taos County New Mexico
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain
    Wilson,W.F and Mckenzie,B.J ,1978, Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina,Information Circular 24
        • Kings Mountain District
    John S. White, "Mineralogy of the Foote Mine" in Geol. Invest. of the Kings Mtn. Belt...1981
    Gems and Minerals of America-Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C,1881,Mineral and Mineral Localities of North Carolina,Geologic Survey
        • Lincolnton
    Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C, 1881,Mineral Localities of North Carolina, Geologic Survey, North Carolina
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
    No reference listed
          • Berne
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Custer
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Fourmile
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Lawrence Co.
        • Tinton pegmatite District
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Glendale
    Rocks & Minerals: 60: 116.
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
          • Keystone
    Dana 6: 1088; Rocks & Minerals: 10: 121-122,146-147.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 33 (Table A-1).
    • Wisconsin
      • Florence Co.
        • Fern
    The Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Animikie Red Ace Pegmatite, Florence County, Wisconsin. Alexander U. Falster, Wm. B. Simmons, and Karen L. Webber, Recent Research Developments in Mineralogy, 1(1996)
    Mineral and/or Locality
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