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Senaite

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Big Photo

Wanni glacier - Scherbadung (Monte Cervandone) area, Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley), Binn Valley, Wallis (Valais), Switzerland
© D. Schläfli

Show Senaite Photos (22)



Formula:
Pb(Ti,Fe,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38
System:TrigonalColour:Black; oil-green to ...
Hardness:6 - 6½
Member of:Crichtonite Group
Name:Named after Joaquim Candido da Costa Sena (1852-1919), Professor of Mineralogy, Ouro Preto, Brazil.


Crichtonite Group.

Classification of Senaite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/C.09-80
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.CC.40

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:8.5.1.4

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
5 : AB21O38
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.11.32

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
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Type Occurrence of Senaite

Type Locality:Datas (Dattas), Minas Gerais, Brazil
Year of Discovery:1898

Physical Properties of Senaite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Colour:Black; oil-green to greenish black in transmitted light
Streak:Brownish-black
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):5.301 g/cm3

Crystallography of Senaite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Cell Parameters:a = 10.42Å, c = 20.86Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.002
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,961.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Senaite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nε = 2.500
Birefringence:Low to moderate
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Pleochroism:Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of Senaite

Formula:
Pb(Ti,Fe,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38
Essential elements:O, Pb, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Mn, O, Pb, Ti

Relationship of Senaite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Crichtonite (see here)
Member of:Crichtonite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Cleusonite
(Pb,Sr)(U
4+
 
,U
6+
 
)(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
18
(O,OH)
 
38
Crichtonite
(Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38
Davidite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
 
20
(O,OH)
 
38
Davidite-(La)
(La,Ce)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
 
20
(O,OH)
 
38
Davidite-(Y)
(Y,La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe
2+
 
,◻)(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Nb,Zr)
 
18
O
 
38
 (hypothetical)
Dessauite-(Y)
(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
20
O
 
38
Gramaccioliite-(Y)
(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
18
O
 
38
Landauite
NaMnZn
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
Lindsleyite
(Ba,Sr)(Ti,Zr,Fe,Cr)
 
21
O
 
38
Loveringite
(Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mg)
 
21
O
 
38
Mathiasite
K(Ti,Cr,Fe,Mg,Zr)
 
21
O
 
38
Paseroite
PbMn
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,◻)
 
2
(V
5+
 
,Ti,◻)
 
18
O
 
38
Romanite
(◻,Pb,Ca)UFe
2+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
Unnamed (HBU UK-4)
NaFe
2+
 
Zn
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Nb)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.CC.05Chrombismite
Bi
 
16
CrO
 
27
4.CC.10Freudenbergite
Na
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
4.CC.15Grossite
CaAl
 
4
O
 
7
4.CC.20Mayenite
Ca
 
12
Al
 
14
O
 
33
4.CC.20Brearleyite
Ca
 
12
Al
 
14
O
 
32
Cl
 
2
4.CC.25Yafsoanite
Ca
 
3
Zn
 
3
(TeO
 
6
)
 
2
4.CC.30Latrappite
(Ca,Na)(Nb,Ti,Fe)O
 
3
4.CC.30Lueshite
NaNbO
 
3
4.CC.30Natroniobite
NaNbO
 
3
4.CC.30Perovskite
CaTiO
 
3
4.CC.30Barioperovskite
BaTiO
 
3
4.CC.30Lakargiite
Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O
 
3
4.CC.30Megawite
CaSnO
 
3
4.CC.35Loparite-(Ce)
(Na,Ce,Ca,Sr,Th)(Ti,Nb,Fe)O
 
3
4.CC.35Macedonite
PbTiO
 
3
4.CC.35Tausonite
SrTiO
 
3
4.CC.35Isolueshite
(Na,La,Ca)(Nb,Ti)O
 
3
4.CC.40Crichtonite
(Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38
4.CC.40Davidite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
 
20
(O,OH)
 
38
4.CC.40Davidite-(La)
(La,Ce)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
 
20
(O,OH)
 
38
4.CC.40Davidite-(Y)
(Y,La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe
2+
 
,◻)(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Nb,Zr)
 
18
O
 
38
 (hypothetical)
4.CC.40Landauite
NaMnZn
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
4.CC.40Lindsleyite
(Ba,Sr)(Ti,Zr,Fe,Cr)
 
21
O
 
38
4.CC.40Loveringite
(Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mg)
 
21
O
 
38
4.CC.40Mathiasite
K(Ti,Cr,Fe,Mg,Zr)
 
21
O
 
38
4.CC.40Dessauite-(Y)
(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
20
O
 
38
4.CC.40Cleusonite
(Pb,Sr)(U
4+
 
,U
6+
 
)(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
18
(O,OH)
 
38
4.CC.40Gramaccioliite-(Y)
(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
18
O
 
38
4.CC.45Diaoyudaoite
NaAl
 
11
O
 
17
4.CC.45Hawthorneite
Ba(MgTi
 
3
Cr
 
4
Fe
 
4
)O
 
19
4.CC.45Hibonite
(Ca,Ce)Al
 
12
O
 
19
4.CC.45Lindqvistite
Pb
 
2
(Mg,Fe)Fe
 
16
O
 
27
4.CC.45Magnetoplumbite
(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)
 
12
O
 
19
4.CC.45Plumboferrite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
11-x
Mn
2+
x
O
 
19-2x
, x = 1/3
4.CC.45Yimengite
K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)
 
12
O
 
19
4.CC.45Haggertyite
Ba[Fe
2+
6
Ti
 
5
Mg]O
 
19
4.CC.45Nežilovite
PbZn
 
2
(Mn
4+
 
,Ti
4+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
8
O
 
19
4.CC.45Batiferrite
Ba[Ti
 
2
Fe
3+
8
Fe
2+
2
]O
 
19
4.CC.45IMA2009-027
(Fe,Mg)Al
 
12
O
 
19
4.CC.45Barioferrite
BaFe
3+
12
O
 
19
4.CC.50Jeppeite
(K,Ba)
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
O
 
13
4.CC.55Zenzénite
Pb
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
4
Mn
 
3
O
 
13
4.CC.60Mengxianminite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
Mg
 
2
(Sn,Zn)
 
5
Al
 
8
O
 
29
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.11.1Romarchite
SnO
7.11.2Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
7.11.4Schoenfliesite
Mg[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.5Burtite
Ca[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.6Vismirnovite
Zn[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.7Wickmanite
Mn
2+
 
[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.8Tetrawickmanite
Mn
2+
 
[Sn
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.9Jeanbandyite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)[Sn
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.10Natanite
Fe
2+
 
[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.11Mushistonite
(Cu,Zn,Fe
2+
 
)[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.12Ferronigerite-2N1S
Sn(Fe,Mg)Al
 
6
O
 
11
(OH)
7.11.13Magnesionigerite
7.11.14Argutite
GeO
 
2
7.11.15Brunogeierite
Fe
2+
2
Ge
4+
 
O
 
4
7.11.16Stottite
Fe
2+
 
[Ge
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.17Carboirite
FeAl
 
2
(GeO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
7.11.18Otjisumeite
PbGe
 
4
O
 
9
7.11.19Bartelkeite
PbFe
2+
 
Ge
 
3
O
 
8
7.11.20Massicot
PbO
7.11.21Litharge
PbO
7.11.22Minium
Pb
 
3
O
 
4
7.11.23Plattnerite
PbO
 
2
7.11.24Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
7.11.25Murdochite
PbCu
 
6
O
 
8-x
(Cl,Br)
 
2x
 where x<=0.5
7.11.26Macedonite
PbTiO
 
3
7.11.27Cesàrolite
PbH
 
2
Mn
 
3
O
 
8
7.11.28Coronadite
Pb(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
7.11.29Quenselite
PbMnO
 
2
(OH)
7.11.30Plumboferrite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
11-x
Mn
2+
x
O
 
19-2x
, x = 1/3
7.11.31Magnetoplumbite
(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)
 
12
O
 
19

Other Names for Senaite

Other Languages:
German:Senait
Russian:Сенаит
Spanish:Senaita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Senaite

Reference List:

- +
Hussak and Prior (1898), Mineralogical Magazine: 12: 30.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 540-541.

American Mineralogist (1968): 53: 869-877.

American Mineralogist (1976): 61: 1203-1212.

Mineralogical Record (1986: 17: 191-195.

Mineralogical Magazine: 48: 97-106.

Acta Crystallographica: B32: 1509-1513.

Internet Links for Senaite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Senaite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Senaite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Lungau
        • Murwinkel
          • Schellgaden
            • Gold mines
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2007): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVI. Carinthia II, 197/117, 149-190.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
    		Am Min 53 (1968), 869–879; Rocks&Min.(Jan.2000)
      • Jequitinhonha valley
        • Diamantina
    		Diamond News, Part 1, Vol.5, No.17,2004,pp40-44; Diamond News, Part 2, Vol.5, No.18,2004,pp 13-19 [In Portuguese]
      • Presidente Kubitschek
    		Min Rec 17 (3) (1986); Hochleitner, R. (1987): Senait-Kristalle aus Brasilien. LAPIS 12 (2), 18-19
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
    China
     
    Dianxin Shao and Nicheng Shi (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(2), 159-162
    France
     
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Savoie
        • Tarentaise valley
          • La Léchère (Notre Dame de Briançon)
    		De Ascencao Guedes R., Meisser N. (2002), Les fentes à cristaux de Pierre Château, La Léchère, Tarentaise (Savoie), Le Règne Minéral, n°44, pp: 35-45
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Stura Valley
    		P. Orlandi, G.C. Piccoli: Riv. Mineral. Ital. 28(1):16-18 (2004)
      • Torino Province
        • Susa Valley
          • Cesana Torinese
    		Brizio, P., Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010). L'affioramento a Mn, SiO, Fe, S di Roccia Rossa, Cesana, Torino. Micro (località) 1/2010, 313-328
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Formazza Valley
          • Formazza
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		http://www.webmineralshop.com/ Cervandone article& personal collection
    Mongolia
     
    • Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag)
      • Altai Mts
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Norway
     
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    • Veles
    		No reference listed
    Saudi Arabia
     
    • Mintaqah Tabuk
      • Midyan
    		Staatz H.M. and Brownfield I.K. 1986, Tarce- and minor-element mineralogy of the microgranite at ghurayyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. US-Geological Survey Open-File report 86.105
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Västmanland
      • Lindesberg
    No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Bern
      • Hasli Valley
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 125.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Binn Valley
        • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 125.
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • El Paso Co.
        • Cheyenne District (St. Peters Dome District)
          • St Peters Dome
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2012. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them. Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.
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