Loparite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Loparite-(Ce)
Formula:
(Na,REE)2Ti2O6
Colour:
Black to grayish black
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5½
Specific Gravity:
4.60 - 4.89
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
From the Russian name for the Saami or Lapp people, Lopar', the indigenous people of the Kola peninsula, and the Ce content. It was first reported from the Lovozero massif, Kola, Russia by W. Ramsay in 1890 as " new mineral no.1". The name was changed from loparite to loparite-(Ce) by the IMA in 1987, although Mitchell et al. (2000) argue that "given the disordered distribution of cations in the structure of this mineral, the use of Levinson modifiers to indicate the dominant REE species is clearly unwarranted."
This page provides mineralogical data about Loparite-(Ce).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2432
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2432:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e6d15783-fe98-4636-9a9c-078a871b864b
IMA Classification of Loparite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
(Na,Ce,Sr)(Ce,Th)(Ti,Nb)2O6
Approval year:
1983
First published:
1925
Approval history:
Renamed as loparite-(Ce) by IMA in 1987, special procedure.
Classification of Loparite-(Ce)
4.CC.35
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
4.3.3.3
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
18.2.11
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
2 : Niobates and tantalates containing rare earths but not U
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
2 : Niobates and tantalates containing rare earths but not U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Lop-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Lop | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Loparite-(Ce)
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black to grayish black
Streak:
Cinnamon-brown to brown
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=908 - 1402 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
{100}
{100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.60 - 4.89 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.85(10) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Loparite-(Ce)
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 2.26 - 2.38
Birefringence:
Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:
Very High
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R |
|---|---|
| 400nm | 18.8% |
| 420nm | 18.2% |
| 440nm | 17.8% |
| 460nm | 17.3% |
| 480nm | 17.0% |
| 500nm | 16.8% |
| 520nm | 16.6% |
| 540nm | 16.4% |
| 560nm | 16.3% |
| 580nm | 16.1% |
| 600nm | 16.1% |
| 620nm | 16.0% |
| 640nm | 15.9% |
| 660nm | 15.9% |
| 680nm | 15.9% |
| 700nm | 15.8% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 18.8%.
Colour in reflected light:
light gray or white with a creamy tinge
Internal Reflections:
brownish red
Comments:
dark brown in thin section, may be zoned;
anomalously anisotropic
anomalously anisotropic
Chemistry of Loparite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
(Na,REE)2Ti2O6
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Loparite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.87(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
57.96 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Twinning:
Commonly as penetration twins on {111}
Comment:
Pm3m
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005639 | Loparite-(Ce) | Mitchell R H, Burns P C, Chakhmouradian A R (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist 38 145-152 |  | 2000 | Khibina complex, Russia | 0 | 293 |
| 0005640 | Loparite-(Ce) | Mitchell R H, Burns P C, Chakhmouradian A R (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist 38 145-152 | | 2000 | Lovozero complex, Russia | 0 | 293 |
| 0005641 | Loparite-(Ce) | Mitchell R H, Burns P C, Chakhmouradian A R (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist 38 145-152 | | 2000 | Bearpaw Mountains, Montana, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0017915 | Loparite-(Ce) | Gaertner H (1930) Die Kristallstrukturen von Loparit und Pyrochlor _cod_database_code 1011000 Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie. Beilage 61 1-30 | 1930 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.749 Å | (100) |
| 1.583 Å | (100) |
| 1.226 Å | (100) |
| 1.936 Å | (90) |
| 1.373 Å | (90) |
| 1.120 Å | (40) |
| 2.244 Å | (20) |
Comments:
Kola Peninsula, Russia.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Loparite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
As cubic or octahedral crystals, to 2 cm, which may be highly modified; overgrowing perovskite and massive
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 21043–21045.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Kuznetsov, I.G. (1925) Loparite a new rare earth mineral from the Khibina Tundra. Izvestia Geologicheskogo Komiteta, 44, 663–682.
Synonyms of Loparite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Loparite-(Ce)
German:Loparit-(Ce)
Russian:Лопарит-(Ce)
Varieties of Loparite-(Ce)
| Nioboloparite | A variety of Loparite containing Niobium. |
Relationship of Loparite-(Ce) to other Species
Other Members of this group:
| Barioperovskite | BaTiO3 | Orth. mm2 : Amm2 |
| Goldschmidtite | KNbO3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| Isolueshite | (Na,La)NbO3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
| Lakargiite | Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Lueshite | NaNbO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Macedonite | PbTiO3 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| Megawite | CaSnO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban |
| Perovskite | CaTiO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Tausonite | SrTiO3 | Iso. 4 3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 10 photos of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 5 photos of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Eudialyte | Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2 |
| 4 photos of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| 4 photos of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 2 photos of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Kyanoxalite | Na7(Al6-xSi6+xO24)(C2O4)0.5+x · 5H2O (0 < x < 0.5) |
| 1 photo of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Parakeldyshite | Na2ZrSi2O7 |
| 1 photo of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Kentbrooksite | (Na,REE)15(Ca,REE)6(Mn2+,Fe2+)3Zr3Nb[Si25O74]F2 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Lorenzenite | Na2Ti2(Si2O6)O3 |
| 1 photo of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| 1 photo of Loparite-(Ce) associated with Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CC. | Xuite | Ca3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3 |
| 4.CC. | Allendeite | Sc4Zr3O12 |
| 4.CC. | Bitikleite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3 |
| 4.CC. | Yttriaite-(Y) | Y2O3 |
| 4.CC. | Chlorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2] |
| 4.CC. | Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| 4.CC. | Heamanite-(Ce) | (K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3 |
| 4.CC. | Priscillagrewite-(Y) | (Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3 |
| 4.CC. | Saranovskite | SrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC. | Botuobinskite | SrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2] |
| 4.CC. | Mirnyite | SrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Haitaite-(La) | LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Shagamite | KFe11O17 |
| 4.CC.05 | Chrombismite | Bi3+16Cr6+O27 |
| 4.CC.10 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluormayenite | Ca12Al14O32F2 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2] |
| 4.CC.15 | Grossite | CaAl4O7 |
| 4.CC.17 | Goldschmidtite | KNbO3 |
| 4.CC.20 | Chlormayenite | Ca12Al14O32[◻4Cl2] |
| 4.CC.20 | Unnamed (HBU UK-4) | NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Paseroite | PbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Mianningite | (◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU | ~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38 |
| 4.CC.22 | Kahlenbergite | KAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.22 | Gorerite | CaAlFe3+11O19 |
| 4.CC.25 | Yafsoanite | Ca3Te6+2(ZnO4)3 |
| 4.CC.25 | Nixonite | Na2Ti6O13 |
| 4.CC.30 | Latrappite | Ca2NbFe3+O6 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lueshite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Natroniobite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Barioperovskite | BaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lakargiite | Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Megawite | CaSnO3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Usturite | Ca3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Elbrusite | Ca3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Dzhuluite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Monteneveite | Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12 |
| 4.CC.35 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Isolueshite | (Na,La)NbO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Panguite | (Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3 |
| 4.CC.37 | Pauloabibite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.40 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Y) | (La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical) |
| 4.CC.40 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Mathiasite | (Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12 |
| 4.CC.40 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Uhligite | Ca3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ? |
| 4.CC.40 | Dessauite-(Y) | (Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Cleusonite | (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Gramaccioliite-(Y) | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.45 | Diaoyudaoite | NaAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hawthorneite | BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Lindqvistite | Pb2Mn2+Fe16O27 |
| 4.CC.45 | Magnetoplumbite | (Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Plumboferrite | Pb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Yimengite | K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Haggertyite | BaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Nežilovite | PbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Batiferrite | BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Chihuahuaite | FeAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Barioferrite | BaFe3+12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Kangite | (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 |
| 4.CC.45 | Mizraite-(Ce) | Ce(Al11Mg)O19 |
| 4.CC.50 | Jeppeite | (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13 |
| 4.CC.55 | Zenzénite | Pb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15 |
| 4.CC.60 | Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.) | (Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Loparite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2432.html
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References for Loparite-(Ce)
Reference List:
forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=18196&sid=e896a6f094672423f37e38225cd2f1e8
Sitnin, A., Leonova, T.N. (1961) Loparite — new mineral. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 140: 1407-1410.
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Mitchell, R. H., Burns, P. C., Chakhmouradian, A. R. (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist, 38 (1) 145-152 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.1.145
Chakhmouradian, Anton R., Halden, Norman M., Mitchell, Roger H., Horváth, László (2007) Rb-Cs-rich rasvumite and sector-zoned "loparite-(Ce)" from Mont Saint-Hilaire (Quebec, Canada) and their petrologic significance. European Journal of Mineralogy, 19 (4) 533-546 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-1739
Localities for Loparite-(Ce)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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N'orkpakhk Mt, Khibiny Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia