KCON claim, USA-4, Clipperton Island (Ile de Clipperton; Ile de la Passion), Clarion-Clipperton zone, Pacific Oceani
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| KCON claim | Claim |
| USA-4 | - not defined - |
| Clipperton Island (Ile de Clipperton; Ile de la Passion) | Island |
| Clarion-Clipperton zone | Geologic Province |
| Pacific Ocean | Ocean |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
13° North , 127° West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Mindat Locality ID:
123146
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:123146:8
GUID (UUID V4):
75307ef7-13f9-4748-a346-0e9a2f851d56
Water depth in this region varies between about 4500-5500 meters. The Kennecot Consortium collected over a series of cruises to the area in the mid to late 1970's about 500 ton of ferromanganese nodules originally designed to be used in extractive metallurgical bench and pilot-scale processing tests.
Nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone are typically small, ranging from less than 1 cm diameter to a maximum of 10 cm. Larger nodules are rare at this location.
The mineralogy of the nodules typically includes todorokite/birnessite associations, amorphous Fe oxides and minor to trace amounts of goethite, detrital volcanic aluminosilicates and zeolites.
A recent study on different layers of some polymetallic nodules (Wegorzewski & Kuhn, 2014) has shown that dense layer with average Mn/Fe ratios of 1.80, average Ni+Cu content of 0.81wt.%, Co contents of 0.30wt.% (hydrogenetic metal precipitation from oxic waters) consist of Fe-rich vernadite (Ξ΄-MnO2) epitaxially intergrown with feroxyhyte (Ξ΄-FeOOH) nanoparticles. Growth structures (dendritic growth structures and dense layers) with average Mn/Fe ratios of 96, Ni+Cu contents of 3.9wt.%, Co contents of 0.08wt.% (suboxic-diagenetic, metal precipitation from suboxic pore waters) mainly consist of turbostratic phyllomanganates such as 10Γ vernadite, 7Γ vernadite and todorokite are minor compounds.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| β Birnessite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| β Feroxyhyte Formula: Fe3+O(OH) |
| β Goethite Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β 'Phillipsite Subgroup' |
| β Todorokite Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| β Vernadite Formula: (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| β 'Wad' References: |
| β 'Zeolite Group' |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Todorokite | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 Β· 3-4H2O |
| β | Feroxyhyte | 4.FE.40 | Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Vernadite | 4.FE.40 | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 Β· nH2O |
| β | Birnessite | 4.FL.45 | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 Β· 1.5H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| β | 'Zeolite Group' | 9.G0. | |
| Unclassified | |||
| β | 'Phillipsite Subgroup' | - | |
| β | 'Wad' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| H | β Feroxyhyte | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| H | β Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| O | β Feroxyhyte | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| O | β Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Na | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Na | β Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Ca | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | β Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Mn | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mn | β Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | β Feroxyhyte | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | β Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
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References
