Westerveldite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Westerveldite
Formula:
(Fe,Ni,Co)As
Colour:
brownish grey, dark gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
8.13 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after Jan Westerveld (25 January 1905, Lemarang, Reok Barat, Manggarai, Indonesia, - 29 August 1962) mineralogist and economic geologist, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
This page provides mineralogical data about Westerveldite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4273
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4273:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
41aeb110-b285-44e8-b2c8-8b39f470d6d5
IMA Classification of Westerveldite
Approved
IMA Formula:
FeAs
Approval year:
1971
First published:
1972
Classification of Westerveldite
2.CC.15
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
3.11.32
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Wvd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Westerveldite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
brownish grey, dark gray
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=916 - 973 kg/mm2 (15 s test time) - Vickers
Density:
8.13 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Westerveldite
Anisotropism:
distinct in air strong in oil
Bireflectance:
weak in air and oil
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 46.9% | 48.6% |
440nm | 45.7% | 48.4% |
480nm | 44.3% | 48.0% |
520nm | 43.4% | 47.9% |
560nm | 43.4% | 48.0% |
600nm | 43.7% | 48.1% |
640nm | 44.4% | 48.6% |
680nm | 45.6% | 49.1% |
700nm | 46.2% | 49.4% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 49.4%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
whitish grey with faint brownish and bluish tinges
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
brownish and brownish grey colours
Chemistry of Westerveldite
Mindat Formula:
(Fe,Ni,Co)As
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Sb,Co
Crystallography of Westerveldite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.43(1) Å, b = 6.02(1) Å, c = 3.37(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.902 : 1 : 0.56
Unit Cell V:
110.16 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
As irregularly shaped blebs and stringers.
Comment:
Space group Pmcn (non-standard setting).
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009796 | Westerveldite | Lyman P S, Prewitt C T (1984) Room- and high-pressure crystal chemistry of CoAs and FeAs Acta Crystallographica B40 14-20 | 1984 | synthetic | 0.0001 | 293 | |
0009797 | Westerveldite | Lyman P S, Prewitt C T (1984) Room- and high-pressure crystal chemistry of CoAs and FeAs Acta Crystallographica B40 14-20 | 1984 | synthetic | 0.0001 | 293 | |
0009798 | Westerveldite | Lyman P S, Prewitt C T (1984) Room- and high-pressure crystal chemistry of CoAs and FeAs Acta Crystallographica B40 14-20 | 1984 | synthetic | 2.25 | 293 | |
0009799 | Westerveldite | Lyman P S, Prewitt C T (1984) Room- and high-pressure crystal chemistry of CoAs and FeAs Acta Crystallographica B40 14-20 | 1984 | synthetic | 4.36 | 293 | |
0009800 | Westerveldite | Lyman P S, Prewitt C T (1984) Room- and high-pressure crystal chemistry of CoAs and FeAs Acta Crystallographica B40 14-20 | 1984 | synthetic | 6.1 | 293 | |
0009801 | Westerveldite | Lyman P S, Prewitt C T (1984) Room- and high-pressure crystal chemistry of CoAs and FeAs Acta Crystallographica B40 14-20 | 1984 | synthetic | 8.3 | 293 | |
0018135 | Westerveldite | Fylking K (1934) Phosphides and arsenides with modified nickel-arsenide structure _cod_database_code 1011285 Arkiv for Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi B11 1-6 | 1934 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.588 Å | (100) |
1.996 Å | (60) |
2.635 Å | (55) |
2.076 Å | (35) |
2.019 Å | (35) |
1.725 Å | (30) |
2.116 Å | (18) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Westerveldite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Institute of Earth Sciences, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
chromite - niccolite ores
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Oen, I.S., Burke, E.A.J., Kieft, C., Westerhof, A.B. (1972) Westerveldite, (Fe,Ni,Co)As, a new mineral from La Gallega, Spain. American Mineralogist: 57: 354-363.
Synonyms of Westerveldite
Other Language Names for Westerveldite
Varieties of Westerveldite
Antimony-bearing Westerveldite | An antimony-bearing variety. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.CC. | Tilkerodeite | Pd2HgSe3 |
2.CC. | UM2007-26-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ir,Cu,Ni,Pt,Rh,Fe)9S11 |
2.CC. | Crowningshieldite | (Ni0.9Fe0.10)S |
2.CC. | Eliopoulosite | V7S8 |
2.CC. | Kuvaevite | Ir5Ni10S16 |
2.CC. | Torryweiserite | Rh5Ni10S16 |
2.CC. | Tamuraite | Ir5Fe10S16 |
2.CC. | Ferrotorryweiserite | Rh5Fe10S16 |
2.CC.05 | Achávalite | FeSe |
2.CC.05 | Breithauptite | NiSb |
2.CC.05 | Freboldite | CoSe |
2.CC.05 | Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4) |
2.CC.05 | Langisite | CoAs |
2.CC.05 | Nickeline | NiAs |
2.CC.05 | Sederholmite | beta-NiSe |
2.CC.05 | Sobolevskite | PdBi |
2.CC.05 | Stumpflite | PtSb |
2.CC.05 | Sudburyite | PdSb |
2.CC.05 | Jaipurite | CoS |
2.CC.05 | Zlatogorite | NiCuSb2 |
2.CC.10 | Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
2.CC.10 | Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
2.CC.10 | Troilite | FeS |
2.CC.15 | Cherepanovite | RhAs |
2.CC.15 | Modderite | (Co,Fe)As |
2.CC.15 | Ruthenarsenite | (Ru,Ni)As |
2.CC.15 | Minakawaite | RhSb |
2.CC.20 | Millerite | NiS |
2.CC.20 | Mäkinenite | γ-NiSe |
2.CC.20 | UM1990-38-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ni,Fe,Rh,Cu,Ir,Pt)S |
2.CC.25 | Mackinawite | FeS |
2.CC.30 | Hexatestibiopanickelite | (Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te) ? |
2.CC.30 | Vavřínite | Ni2SbTe2 |
2.CC.35a | Braggite | PdPt3S4 |
2.CC.35b | Cooperite | PtS |
2.CC.35a | Vysotskite | PdS |
2.CC.45 | Jacutingaite | Pt2HgSe3 |
2.CC.50 | Imgreite | NiTe (?) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Westerveldite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4273.html
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References for Westerveldite
Localities for Westerveldite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Oen et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
Cyprus | |
| Thalhammer et al. (1986) |
Finland | |
| American Mineralogist (1977) |
Borodaev et al. (1983) | |
Greenland | |
| Sørensen (2001) +1 other reference |
Knut Eldjarn Collection | |
Oen et al. (1977) | |
Italy | |
| Sabatini (1899) +11 other references |
Morocco | |
| Piña et al. (2013) |
Russia | |
| Sklyarov et al. (2021) |
| Olga Yakovleva et al. (2009) |
Spain | |
| Gervilla et al. (1980) |
| Econ Geol (1990) |
| Oen et al. (1972) |
Gervilla et al. (2002) | |
| Martin-Izard et al. (1995) |
Sweden | |
| Dobbe et al. (1994) |
USA | |
| Utsunomiya et al. (2003) |
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Tunulliarfik Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland