Beusite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Beusite
Alexei A. Beus
Formula:
Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2
Colour:
Reddish-brown to pinkish brown
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
3.60 - 3.70
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr. and Lorenzo Francisco Aristarain in 1968 in honor of Alexei Alexandrovich Beus (Алексей Александрович Беус) (1923 - 1994), a Russian geochemist and mineralogist at Moscow Polytechnical Institute. He first reported a graftonite-like mineral with Mn2+ dominant over Fe2+ but did not name it as a new species.
Beusite-Graftonite Series.
Due to some recent finds of new species among the group this mineral is likely to be renamed to beusite-(Mn). Compare beusite-(Ca).
Due to some recent finds of new species among the group this mineral is likely to be renamed to beusite-(Mn). Compare beusite-(Ca).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
653
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:653:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
29796a02-faac-4000-8c8e-f0a85d41f75e
IMA Classification of Beusite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Mn2+Mn2+2(PO4)2
Approval year:
1968
First published:
1968
Approval history:
Redefined by IMA february 2017 as Mn2+Mn2+2(PO4)2.
Classification of Beusite
8.AB.20
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
38.3.3.2
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
3 : (AB)3(XO4)2
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
3 : (AB)3(XO4)2
19.12.39
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Beu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Beu | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Beusite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Reddish-brown to pinkish brown
Streak:
Pale pink or brown
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010} good, {100} poor.
{010} good, {100} poor.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.60 - 3.70 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.71 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Beusite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.685 - 1.708 nβ = 1.688 - 1.711 nγ = 1.700 - 1.723
2V:
Measured: 25° to 45°, Calculated: 54°
Birefringence:
0.020
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.015
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Z ∧ c = -36°
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Beusite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Beusite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.797(3) Å, b = 11.758(4) Å, c = 6.170(2) Å
β = 99.31(2)°
β = 99.31(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.748 : 1 : 0.525
Unit Cell V:
629.79 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001437 | Beusite | Steele I M, Olsen E, Pluth J J, Davis A M (1991) Occurrence and crystal structure of Ca-free beusite in the El Sampal IIIA iron meteorite American Mineralogist 76 1985-1989 |  | 1991 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005239 | Beusite | Wise M A, Hawthorne F C, Cerny P (1990) Crystal structure of Ca-rich beusite from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories The Canadian Mineralogist 28 141-146 | | 1990 | Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada | 0 | 293 |
| 0020200 | Beusite | Tait K T, Hawthorne F C, Wise M A (2013) The crystal chemistry of the graftonite-beusite minerals Notes: Sample B2 The Canadian Mineralogist 51 653-662 | 2013 | Rice mine, North Groton, New Hampshire, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020201 | Beusite | Tait K T, Hawthorne F C, Wise M A (2013) The crystal chemistry of the graftonite-beusite minerals Notes: Sample B3 The Canadian Mineralogist 51 653-662 | 2013 | Los Aleros, San Luis, Argentina | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020202 | Beusite | Tait K T, Hawthorne F C, Wise M A (2013) The crystal chemistry of the graftonite-beusite minerals Notes: Sample B4 The Canadian Mineralogist 51 653-662 | 2013 | Turkestan Range, Kyrgyzstan | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.52 Å | (100) |
| 2.95 Å | (20) |
| 2.93 Å | (30) |
| 2.88 Å | (60) |
| 2.86 Å | (60) |
| 2.74 Å | (20) |
| 2.71 Å | (60) |
| 2.65 Å | (40) |
Comments:
ICDD 36-401.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 5 : Primary asteroid phases | 4.566–4.560 |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Beusite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rough prismatic crystals up to 30 cm long, interlaminated with lithiophilite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 109052, 134312, 134313.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 137294.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 137294.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granite pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Hurlbut Jr., C.S., Aristarain, L.F. (1968) Beusite, a new mineral from Argentina, and the Graftonite-Beusite Series. American Mineralogist: 53(11-12): 1799-1814.
Synonyms of Beusite
Other Language Names for Beusite
Relationship of Beusite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Beusite-(Ca) | CaMn2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Graftonite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Graftonite-(Ca) | CaFe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Graftonite-(Mn) | MnFe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Beusite associated with Qingheiite | NaNaMn2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 |
| 3 photos of Beusite associated with Fillowite | Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 |
| 1 photo of Beusite associated with Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| 1 photo of Beusite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Beusite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AB. | Rodolicoite | Fe3+PO4 |
| 8.AB. | Johanngeorgenstadtite | Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Borisenkoite | Cu3[(V,As)O4]2 |
| 8.AB. | Niasite | Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Olsenite | KFe4(PO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Karwowskiite | Ca9Mg(Fe2+0.5◻0.5)(PO4)7 |
| 8.AB.05 | Farringtonite | Mg3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.10 | Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| 8.AB.10 | Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Simferite | LiMg(PO4) |
| 8.AB.10 | Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Karenwebberite | NaFe2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.15 | Sarcopside | Fe2+3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.15 | Chopinite | Mg3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.15 | Zavalíaite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite-(Ca) | CaFe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite-(Mn) | MnFe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Beusite-(Ca) | CaMn2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.25 | Xanthiosite | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.30 | Lammerite | Cu3(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.30 | Paralammerite | Cu3(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Mcbirneyite | Cu3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Stranskiite | Zn2Cu(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Pseudolyonsite | Cu3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AB.40 | Lyonsite | Cu3Fe4(VO4)6 |
| 8.AB.40 | Michalskiite | Fe3+1.33Cu2+2(MgFe3+)2(VO4)6 |
Fluorescence of Beusite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Beusite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-653.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Beusite
Reference List:
Hurlbut, C. S., Aristarain, and L. F. (1968) Beusite, a new mineral from Argentina, and the graftonite-beusite series. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 1799-1814
Nord, A. G., Ericsson, T. (1982) The cation distribution in (Fe,Mn)3(PO4)2 graftonite-type solid solutions. American Mineralogist, 67 (7-8) 826-832
Tait, Kimberly T., Hawthorne, Frank C., Wise, Michael A. (2013) The crystal chemistry of the graftonite-beusite minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (4) 653-662 doi:10.3749/canmin.51.4.653
Hålenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2017) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2017. CNMNC Newsletter No 36. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (2) 403-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.022
Hawthorne, Frank C., Pieczka, Adam (2018) Classification of the minerals of the graftonite group. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (6) 1301-1306 doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.092
Hawthorne, Frank C., Wise, Michael A., Černý, Petr, Abdu, Yassir A., Ball, Neil A., Pieczka, Adam, Włodek, Adam (2018) Beusite-(Ca), ideally CaMn22+(PO4)2, a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (6) 1323-1332 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.120
Localities for Beusite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Ian Steele et al (1991) |
| Colombo et al. (2012) |
| Colombo et al. (2012) |
| Colombo et al. (2012) |
| Am Min 53:1799-1812 +1 other reference |
| Hurlbut et al. (1968) | |
| OYARZABAL et al. (H2O) +2 other references |
| Am Min 53:1799-1812 |
| Roda-Robles et al. (2012) |
Australia | |
| Brooks et al. (1960) |
Brazil | |
| Baijot et al. (2014) |
Canada | |
| a study in contrasts. The Canadian Mineralogist: 36 (2) +1 other reference |
| a study in contrasts. The Canadian Mineralogist: 36 (2) +2 other references |
| a study in contrasts. The Canadian Mineralogist: 36 (2) +1 other reference |
| Wise et al. (1990) |
Czech Republic | |
| Staně +4 other references |
| Novák et al. (2008) | |
| Staněk | |
Finland | |
| Lahti (1981) |
Germany | |
| Th. Witzke |
| Blaß et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| VIGNOLA et al. (2007) |
| Raudsepp M. and Pani E. (1994) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Meteoritics 28:415 (July, 1993) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Bideaux | |
Norway | |
| Raade (2007) |
Poland | |
| Pieczka A. |
| Pieczka A. et al. (SW Poland, Lower Silesia, Góry Sowie Mts.) |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) | |
| Geologia Sudetica (1) +3 other references |
| Pieczka et al. (2001) | |
Sweden | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1998) |
| Smeds et al. (1998) | |
| Smeds et al. (1998) |
| Smeds et al. (1998) | |
USA | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Falster et al. (2019) |
| Olsen et al. (1993) |
| internet sources +1 other reference |
| Rocks&Min 76:23-241 |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:386 |
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Remmelberg gravel pit, Theisseil, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany