Brackebuschite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Brackebuschite
Luis Brackebusch
Formula:
Pb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH)
Colour:
Dark brown to black; reddish brown in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
6.05
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by A. Döring in 1880 in honour of German mineralogist and geologist Ludwig Brackebusch (March 4, 1849, Northeim, Germany - June 2, 1906 Hannover, Germany), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Córdoba (1875-1888), Córdoba, Argentina, and author of several papers on Argentine minerals. He returned to Germany in 1888 and worked as a consulting geologist.
Brackebuschite Group. The Pb analogue of tokyoite, Mn analogue of calderónite, and Pb-Mn analogue of gamagarite. Chemically similar to krettnichite, paseroite, and pyrobelonite.
A rare secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of hydrothermal Pb-Zn deposits.
Crystal structure details (Lafuente & Downs, 2016): (1) ccp set of O and Pb atoms; (2) chains of edge-sharing MnO6 octahedra, surrounded by 2 unique VO4 tetrahedra; (3) ∞1[MnO4/2O2/1] chain connected sharing vertex with one vanadate group; (4) second vanadate group sharing two vertices with two octahedra, thus forming Mn2V ring; (5) ∞1[Mn(VO4)2OH] chains, parallel to and twisted along [010]; (6) PbO8 and PbO11 polyhedra joining the previous chains; (7) one Pb and two Mn cations are bridged by OH group, which participates in a hydrogen bond with vanadate group of the adjacent chain.
A rare secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of hydrothermal Pb-Zn deposits.
Crystal structure details (Lafuente & Downs, 2016): (1) ccp set of O and Pb atoms; (2) chains of edge-sharing MnO6 octahedra, surrounded by 2 unique VO4 tetrahedra; (3) ∞1[MnO4/2O2/1] chain connected sharing vertex with one vanadate group; (4) second vanadate group sharing two vertices with two octahedra, thus forming Mn2V ring; (5) ∞1[Mn(VO4)2OH] chains, parallel to and twisted along [010]; (6) PbO8 and PbO11 polyhedra joining the previous chains; (7) one Pb and two Mn cations are bridged by OH group, which participates in a hydrogen bond with vanadate group of the adjacent chain.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
749
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:749:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
c95f3ce7-ef47-437a-91d1-61667cd43a74
IMA Classification of Brackebuschite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Brackebuschite
8.BG.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
G : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.5:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
G : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.5:1
40.2.8.1
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
21.4.18
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
4 : Vanadates of U, Mn, Fe or Ni
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
4 : Vanadates of U, Mn, Fe or Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bbs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Brackebuschite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Dark brown to black; reddish brown in transmitted light.
Streak:
Yellow
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
6.05 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.11 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Brackebuschite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.280 nβ = 2.360 - 2.380 nγ = 2.480 - 2.490
2V:
Calculated: 82° to 88°
Birefringence:
0.21
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.200 - 0.210
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Optical Extinction:
X^a = 20°; Y=b
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Nearly colourless
Y = Dark reddish brown
Z = Reddish brown
Y = Dark reddish brown
Z = Reddish brown
Chemistry of Brackebuschite
Mindat Formula:
Pb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH)
Crystallography of Brackebuschite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.88 Å, b = 6.155 Å, c = 7.681 Å
β = 111.5°
β = 111.5°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.443 : 1 : 1.248
Unit Cell V:
390.60 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals commonly acicular, elongated and striated parallel [010]; may be lathlike or wedge-shaped, flattened on {001}, with {100}, {001}, {011}, {102}, {103}, and others, perhaops without terminal faces; sprays, dendritic, botryoidal.
Comment:
β = 111.5 - 111.833; parameters from the refinement of Lafuente & Downs (2016): a=7.64920, b=6.12620, c=8.9241, β=112.1950
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000072 | Brackebuschite | Donaldson D M, Barnes W H (1955) The structures of the minerals of the descloizite and adelite groups: III - brackebuschite American Mineralogist 40 597-613 |  | 1955 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005530 | Brackebuschite | Foley J A, Hughes J M, Lange D (1997) The atomic arrangement of brackebuschite, redefined as Pb2(Mn,Fe)(VO4)2(OH), and comments on Mn octahedra The Canadian Mineralogist 35 1027-1033 | | 1997 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020434 | Brackebuschite | Lafuente B, Downs R T (2016) Redetermination of brackebuschite, Pb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH) Acta Crystallographica E72 293-296 |  | 2016 | Sierra de Cordoba, Argentina | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.95 Å | (80) |
| 3.25 Å | (100) |
| 3.08 Å | (50) |
| 2.98 Å | (60) |
| 2.76 Å | (80) |
| 2.13 Å | (40) |
| 1.720 Å | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Brackebuschite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Dark brown elongated crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England: #55819. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: #96255.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized hydrothermal veins in a Pb-Zn deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Brackebuschite
Relationship of Brackebuschite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aldomarinoite | Sr2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Arsenbrackebuschite | Pb2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Arsentsumebite | Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Bearthite | Ca2Al(PO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Bushmakinite | Pb2Al(PO4)(VO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Calderónite | Pb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Canosioite | Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Feinglosite | Pb2Zn(AsO4)2 · H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Ferribushmakinite | Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Gamagarite | Ba2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Goedkenite | Sr2Al(PO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Grandaite | Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Lombardoite | Ba2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Tokyoite | Ba2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Unnamed (possible ordered As-analogue of Tokyoite) | Ba2Mn[(As,V)O4]2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 15 photos of Brackebuschite associated with Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| 1 photo of Brackebuschite associated with Krettnichite | PbMn3+2(VO4)2(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BG. | Canosioite | Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG. | Aldomarinoite | Sr2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG. | Dongchuanite | Pb4ZnZn2(PO4)4(OH)2 |
| 8.BG. | Cuprodongchuanite | Pb4CuZn2(PO4)4(OH)2 |
| 8.BG.05 | Arsentsumebite | Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Bearthite | Ca2Al(PO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Gamagarite | Ba2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Goedkenite | Sr2Al(PO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | UM1994-19-PO:CuHMoPb | Pb2Cu(PO4)(MoO4,AsO4,CrO4,GaO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Arsenbrackebuschite | Pb2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Feinglosite | Pb2Zn(AsO4)2 · H2O |
| 8.BG.05 | Bushmakinite | Pb2Al(PO4)(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Tokyoite | Ba2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Calderónite | Pb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Ferribushmakinite | Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Lombardoite | Ba2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Unnamed (possible ordered As-analogue of Tokyoite) | Ba2Mn[(As,V)O4]2(OH) |
| 8.BG.10 | Mélonjosephite | CaFe2+Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.15 | Tancoite | LiNa2Al(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH) |
| 8.BG.20 | Dmisokolovite | K3Cu5AlO2(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BG.25 | Shchurovskyite | K2CaCu6O2(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BG.30 | Wrightite | K2Al2O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BG.35 | Polyarsite | Na7CaMgCu2(AsO4)4F2Cl |
Fluorescence of Brackebuschite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Brackebuschite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-749.html
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References for Brackebuschite
Localities for Brackebuschite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Sureda (1978) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +3 other references |
Australia | |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +7 other references |
Austria | |
| Auer (2020) |
China | |
| Guangming Yang (1980) |
DR Congo | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Gabon | |
| Bariand et al. (1963) |
Germany | |
| Brugger et al. (2001) |
| J. Gröbner (2011) |
South Africa | |
| Costin et al. (2014) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Carmona Ruiz +2 other references |
USA | |
| Ron Layton self collected |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Rruff project. Raman and XRD analyzed. +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| rruff.geo.arizona.edu (2006) |
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Venus Mine, Venus Pb-Zn deposit, El Guaico mining district, Ciénaga del Coro District, Minas Department, Córdoba Province, Argentina