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Paragenetic Mode 22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23)

Return to the list of paragentic modes

Description

Hydration and lowtemperature aqueous alteration of a wide range of lithologies in shallow subsurface environments must have occurred as soon as surface rocks were exposed to water.

Stage

Near-surface Processes
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations
22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23)
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17)
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
27 : Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation
28 : Photo-alteration, pre-biotic
29 : Lightning-generated minerals
30 : Terrestrial impact minerals

Minerals

Click on a button to filter by elements. Green = must include. Black = must exclude. Mineral names listed in bold are exclusively known from this paragenetic mode.

MineralFormulaCrystal System
AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)Triclinic
AluminoceladoniteK(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
AnsermetiteMn2+(V2O6)·4H2OMonoclinic
Anzaite-(Ce)Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2Monoclinic
ArmbrusteriteK5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10·4H2OMonoclinic
ArsenoclasiteMn2+5(AsO4)2(OH)4Orthorhombic
Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2·nH2OMonoclinic
BikitaiteLiAlSi2O6·H2OTriclinic
Bjarebyite(Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3Monoclinic
BöhmiteAlO(OH)Orthorhombic
BrackebuschitePb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH)Monoclinic
Brewsterite-Ba(Ba,Sr)[Al2Si6O16]·5H2OMonoclinic
Brewsterite-Sr(Sr,Ba,Ca)[Al2Si6O16]·5H2OMonoclinic
BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)Triclinic
CalderónitePb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH)Monoclinic
CanosioiteBa2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)Monoclinic
CaryopiliteMn2+3Si2O5(OH)4Monoclinic
CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
Chabazite-Ca(Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2·12H2OTriclinic
Chabazite-K(K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2·12H2OTrigonal
Chabazite-Mg(Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)[Al3Si9O24]·10H2O Trigonal
Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2·12H2OTrigonal
ChesnokoviteNa2[SiO2(OH)2]·8H2OOrthorhombic
ChiavenniteCaMnBe2Si5O13(OH)2·2H2OMonoclinic
ChildreniteFe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2OOrthorhombic
Clino-ferri-holmquistite◻{Li2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2Monoclinic
Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2Monoclinic
Clino-holmquistiteMonoclinic
ClinobehoiteBe(OH)2Monoclinic
Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Monoclinic
CoralloiteMn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2OTriclinic
Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10·nH2OOrthorhombic
CoutinhoiteThxBa(1-2x)(UO2)2Si5O13·(H2O)1+y (0 < x < 0.5 and 0 < y < (2+x))Orthorhombic
CowlesiteCaAl2Si3O10·6H2OOrthorhombic
CronstedtiteFe2+2Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4Trigonal
DalnegorskiteCa5Mn(Si3O9)2Triclinic
DawsoniteNaAlCO3(OH)2Orthorhombic
DiasporeAlO(OH)Orthorhombic
DiegogattaiteNa2CaCu2Si8O20·H2OMonoclinic
DoyleiteAl(OH)3Triclinic
DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2OMonoclinic
EakeriteCa2SnAl2Si6O18(OH)2·2H2OMonoclinic
ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6Isometric
EphesiteNaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Triclinic
Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Monoclinic
EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16·5H2OMonoclinic
Ernstite(Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2·H2OMonoclinic
Faujasite-Ca(Ca,Na2,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48]·32H2OIsometric
Faujasite-Mg(Mg,Na2,Ca)3.5[Al7Si17O48]·32H2OIsometric
Faujasite-Na(Na2,Ca,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48]·32H2OIsometric
Ferri-pedrizite[Na][Li2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2Monoclinic
Ferrierite-K(K,Na)5(Si31Al5)O72·18H2OOrthorhombic
Ferrierite-Mg[Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72·18H2OOrthorhombic
Ferrierite-Na(Na,K)5(Si31Al5)O72·18H2OMonoclinic
Ferrirockbridgeite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)2(Fe3+)3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)Orthorhombic
Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeiteNa(Na2)(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)(Si8O22)(F)2Monoclinic
Ferro-ferri-pedrizite[Na][Li2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2Monoclinic
Ferro-fluoro-pedriziteNa(Li2)(Fe2+2Al2Li)[Si8O22]F2Monoclinic
Ferro-pedriziteNaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2Monoclinic
Ferro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Monoclinic
FerroaluminoceladoniteK(Fe2+Al◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
FerroceladoniteK(Fe2+Fe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
FerrorhodoniteCaMn3Fe[Si5O15]Triclinic
Ferrorockbridgeite(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Fe3+)3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)Orthorhombic
FrondeliteMn2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5Orthorhombic
GainesiteNa(Na,K)(Be,Li)Zr2(PO4)4·1.5-2H2OTetragonal
GalliskiiteCa4Al2(PO4)2F8·5H2OTriclinic
GamagariteBa2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH)Monoclinic
Garronite-CaNa2Ca5Al12Si20O64·27H2OTetragonal
Garronite-NaNa6(Al6Si10O32)·8.5H2OMonoclinic
GatehouseiteMn2+5(PO4)2(OH)4Orthorhombic
GatumbaiteCaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·H2OMonoclinic
GiniiteFe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5·2H2OMonoclinic
GirvasiteNaCa2Mg3(PO4)3(CO3)(H2O)6Monoclinic
Gismondine Subgroup
GladiusiteFe2(Fe,Mg)4(PO4)(OH)11(H2O)Monoclinic
GlagoleviteNa(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8Triclinic
GlucineCaBe4(PO4)2(OH)4·0.5H2O
Gonnardite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10·3H2OOrthorhombic
GoosecreekiteCa[Al2Si6O16]·5H2OMonoclinic
Gormanite(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2OTriclinic
HaiweeiteCa(UO2)2[Si5O12(OH)2]·6H2OOrthorhombic
HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32·12H2OMonoclinic
HisingeriteFe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4·2H2OMonoclinic
Holmquistite◻{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)(OH)2Orthorhombic
HsianghualiteCa3Li2(Be3Si3O12)F2Isometric
HydrobiotiteK(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4·nH2OMonoclinic
HydrohalloysiteAl2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2OMonoclinic
IndiumInTetragonal
InesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2OTriclinic
IyoiteMnCuCl(OH)3Monoclinic
Jahnsite-(CaFeMg)CaFe2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2OMonoclinic
Jahnsite-(CaMnFe){Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2OMonoclinic
Jahnsite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2OMonoclinic
Jahnsite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2OMonoclinic
JasonsmithiteMn2+4ZnAl(PO4)4(OH)(H2O)7·3.5H2OMonoclinic
Jeffreyite(Ca,Na)2(Be,Al)(Si2O7,HSi2O7)Orthorhombic
JeremejeviteAl6(BO3)5(F,OH)3Hexagonal
Jimboite(Mn2+,Mg)3[BO3]2Orthorhombic
JohnwalkiteK(Mn2+,Fe2+,Fe3+)2(Nb5+,Ta5+)(PO4)2O2·2(H2O,OH)Orthorhombic
Julgoldite-(Fe2+)Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Monoclinic
JungiteCa2Zn4Fe3+8(PO4)9(OH)9·16H2OOrthorhombic
KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4Triclinic
KarchevskyiteMg18Al9(OH)54Sr2(CO3)9(H2O)6 (H3O)5Trigonal
KatoiteCa3Al2[◻(OH)4]3Isometric
KenngottiteMn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 Monoclinic
KosnariteKZr2(PO4)3Trigonal
KulaniteBa(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3Monoclinic
KvanefjelditeNa4(Ca,Mn)(Si3O7)2(OH)2Orthorhombic
Lalondeite(Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2·3H2OTriclinic
LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2OTriclinic
LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12·4H2OMonoclinic
LavinskyiteK(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4Orthorhombic
LeakeiteNaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Lecoqite-(Y)Na3Y(CO3)3·6H2OHexagonal
LefontiteFe2Al2Be(PO4)2(OH)6Orthorhombic
LiberiteLi2BeSiO4Monoclinic
LimousiniteBaCa[Be4P4O16]·6H2OMonoclinic
LipscombiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2Tetragonal
LipuiteKNa8Mn3+5 Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2OOrthorhombic
LithiophosphateLi3PO4Orthorhombic
LombardoiteBa2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH)Monoclinic
LunijianlaiteLi0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10Monoclinic
Lusernaite-(Y)Y4Al(CO3)2(OH)10F·6H2O Orthorhombic
MacdonalditeBaCa4Si16O36(OH)2·10H2OOrthorhombic
MacfalliteCa2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3Monoclinic
MackinawiteFeSTetragonal
Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Monoclinic
Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2Monoclinic
MalhmooditeFeZr(PO4)2·4H2OMonoclinic
ManganiteMn3+O(OH)Monoclinic
MansfielditeAlAsO4·2H2OOrthorhombic
Martinite(Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2·4H2OTriclinic
MccrillisiteNaCs(Be,Li)Zr2(PO4)4·1-2H2OTetragonal
MedaiteMn2+6V5+Si5O18(OH)Monoclinic
MeieraniteNa2Sr3MgSi6O17Orthorhombic
MélonjosephiteCaFe2+Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)Orthorhombic
Mengxianminite(Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2Orthorhombic
MesseliteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2·2H2OTriclinic
Micheelsenite(Ca2Y)Al(PO3OH)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2OHexagonal
Millisite(Na,K)CaAl6(PO4)4(OH)9·3H2OTetragonal
Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2OMonoclinic
MoraesiteBe2(PO4)(OH)·4H2OMonoclinic
MoreauiteAl3(UO2)(PO4)3(OH)2·13H2OMonoclinic
MoriniteNaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4·2H2OMonoclinic
Moydite-(Y)Y[B(OH)4](CO3)Orthorhombic
Murataite-(Y)(Y,Na)6Zn(Zn,Fe3+)4(Ti,Nb,Na)12O29(O,F,OH)10F4 Isometric
NabaphiteNaBaPO4·9H2OIsometric
NabiasiteBaMn9(VO4)6(OH)2Isometric
NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4Monoclinic
NafertisiteNa3Fe2+10Ti2(Si6O17)2O2(OH)6F(H2O)2Monoclinic
NasonitePb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2Hexagonal
NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10·2H2OOrthorhombic
NatroxalateNa2(C2O4)Monoclinic
Neotocite(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3·H2OAmorphous
NuragheiteTh(MoO4)2·H2OMonoclinic
OkhotskiteCa2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Monoclinic
OlmiiteCaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH)Orthorhombic
OlmsteaditeKFe2+2(Nb5+,Ta5+)(PO4)2O2·2H2OOrthorhombic
OrientiteCa8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10·4H2O Orthorhombic
OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)Monoclinic
OveriteCaMgAl(PO4)2(OH)·4H2OOrthorhombic
PahasapaiteLi8(Ca,Li,K)10.5Be24(PO4)24·38H2OIsometric
PakhomovskyiteCo3(PO4)2·8H2OMonoclinic
ParafransoletiteCa3Be2(PO4)2(PO3OH)2·4H2OTriclinic
PararobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2·3H2OMonoclinic
ParascholziteCaZn2(PO4)2·2H2OMonoclinic
ParaumbiteK3Zr2H(Si3O9)2·nH2OOrthorhombic
ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2OTriclinic
PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Monoclinic
Peatite-(Y)Li4Na12Y12(PO4)12(CO3)4(F,OH)8Orthorhombic
PenikisiteBa(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3Monoclinic
PhengiteKAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
Phillipsite-CaCa3(Si10Al6)O32·12H2OMonoclinic
Phillipsite-K(K,Na,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2OMonoclinic
Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32]·12H2OMonoclinic
PhosphophylliteZn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2OMonoclinic
PlumboperloffitePbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3Monoclinic
PoldervaartiteCaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH)Orthorhombic
Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12)·2H2OIsometric
Potassic-chloro-hastingsiteKCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2Monoclinic
Potassic-hastingsiteKCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Monoclinic
Potassic-magnesio-hastingsiteKCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Monoclinic
PyrolusiteMn4+O2Tetragonal
PyroxmangiteMn2+SiO3Triclinic
Ramikite-(Y)Li4(Na,Ca)12Y6Zr6(PO4)12(CO3)4O4[(OH),F]4Triclinic
Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31Orthorhombic
Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4·2H2OMonoclinic
Reddingite(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2·3H2OOrthorhombic
RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]Triclinic
RockbridgeiteFe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5Orthorhombic
RoggianiteCa2Be(OH)2Al2Si4O13·2.5H2OTetragonal
Röntgenite-(Ce)Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3Trigonal
Saliotite(Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5Monoclinic
Samuelsonite(Ca,Ba)Ca8Fe2+2Mn2+2Al2(PO4)10(OH)2Monoclinic
Saryarkite-(Y)Ca(Y,Th)Al5(SiO4)2(PO4,SO4)2(OH)7·6H2OTetragonal
Schmidite[Zn2(Fe3+,Mn2+)2Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)6]· 2H2OOrthorhombic
ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2·2H2OOrthorhombic
SchooneriteZnMn2+Fe2+2Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2·9H2OOrthorhombic
SelwyniteNaK(Be,Al)Zr2(PO4)4·2H2OTetragonal
Semenovite-(Ce)Na8Ca2FeBe6Ce2Si14O40(OH)4F4Orthorhombic
SideriteFeCO3Trigonal
SimmonsiteNa2LiAlF6Monoclinic
SinkankasiteMn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH)·6H2OTriclinic
SitinakiteKNa2Ti4(SiO4)2O5(OH)·4H2OTetragonal
Souzalite(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2OTriclinic
SpringcreekiteBaV3+3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6Trigonal
Stanĕkite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)OMonoclinic
SteinmetziteZn2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·3H2OTriclinic
StrengiteFePO4·2H2OOrthorhombic
SuseinargiuiteNaBi(MoO4)2Tetragonal
SveinbergeiteCa(Fe2+6Fe3+)Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)5(H2O)4Triclinic
SverigeiteNaMnMgSnBe2(SiO4)3(OH)Orthorhombic
SwineforditeLi(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4·nH2OMonoclinic
SwitzeriteMn2+3(PO4)2·7H2OMonoclinic
Tancaite-(Ce)FeCe(MoO4)3·3H2O Trigonal
ThadeuiteCa(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2Orthorhombic
ThomsenoliteNaCa[AlF6]·H2OMonoclinic
Thomsonite-SrNa(Sr,Ca)2[Al5Si5O20]·7H2OOrthorhombic
TiragalloiteMn2+4As5+Si3O12(OH)Monoclinic
TokyoiteBa2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH)Monoclinic
TripliteMn2+2(PO4)FMonoclinic
TugtupiteNa4BeAlSi4O12ClTetragonal
TuliokiteNa6BaTh(CO3)6·6H2OTrigonal
UlrichiteCaCu(UO2)(PO4)2·4H2OMonoclinic
VashegyiteAl11(PO4)9(OH)6·38H2OOrthorhombic
VäyryneniteBeMn2+(PO4)(OH)Monoclinic
VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·8H2OMonoclinic
VinogradoviteNa4Ti4(Si2O6)2[(Si,Al)4O10]O4·(H2O,Na,K)3Monoclinic
VránaiteAl16B4Si4O38Monoclinic
Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)(Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7Monoclinic
WarditeNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2OTetragonal
WeinebeneiteCaBe3(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2OMonoclinic
WhitlockiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)Trigonal
Wilancookite(Ba5Li2◻)Ba6Be24P24O96·26H2OIsometric
WildenaueriteZn(Fe3+,Mn2+)2MnFe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)6·2H2OOrthorhombic
WilhelmgümbeliteZnFe2+Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)5·2H2OOrthorhombic
WilhelmramsayiteCu3FeS3·2H2OOrthorhombic
WycheproofiteNaAlZr(PO4)2(OH)·H2OTriclinic
ZeophylliteCa13Si10O28(OH)2F8·6H2OTrigonal
ZigrasiteMgZr(PO4)2·4H2OTriclinic
Zimbabweite(Na,K)2PbAs4(Ta,Nb,Ti)4O18Orthorhombic
ZinclipscombiteZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2Tetragonal
ZunyiteAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18ClIsometric
ElementCountPercent
HHydrogen21086.07%
LiLithium2510.25%
BeBeryllium229.02%
BBoron62.46%
CCarbon135.33%
OOxygen23897.54%
FFluorine239.43%
NaSodium7129.10%
MgMagnesium4518.44%
AlAluminium10543.03%
SiSilicon11647.54%
PPhosphorus8434.43%
SSulfur41.64%
ClChlorine62.46%
KPotassium3514.34%
CaCalcium9137.30%
TiTitanium72.87%
VVanadium83.28%
MnManganese5522.54%
FeIron8133.20%
CoCobalt10.41%
CuCopper52.05%
ZnZinc124.92%
AsArsenic72.87%
SrStrontium83.28%
YYttrium93.69%
ZrZirconium93.69%
NbNiobium52.05%
MoMolybdenum31.23%
InIndium10.41%
SnTin31.23%
CsCaesium20.82%
BaBarium218.61%
LaLanthanum10.41%
CeCerium41.64%
YbYtterbium10.41%
TaTantalum41.64%
PbLead52.05%
BiBismuth10.41%
ThThorium41.64%
UUranium41.64%

References

Hazen, Robert M., Morrison, Shaunna M. (2022) On the paragenetic modes of minerals: A mineral evolution perspective. American Mineralogist, 107 (7) 1262-1287 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8099
 
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