Souzalite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Souzalite
Formula:
(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
Colour:
Blue-green, dark gray-green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.087
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named after Antonio José Alves de Souza (4 March 1896 - 19 December 1961), Director of the Departamento National da Producao Mineral, Brazil. Pronounced sōze'-a-lite.
Gormanite-Souzalite Series. The magnesium analogue of Gormanite.
Occurs as a hydrothermal alteration product of Scorzalite in pegmatite.
Occurs as a hydrothermal alteration product of Scorzalite in pegmatite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3719
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3719:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
6a8035a5-d7a5-4950-8acb-4feb831ae903
IMA Classification of Souzalite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
First published:
1949
Classification of Souzalite
8.DC.45
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
42.9.2.1
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
19.14.31
19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Sou | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Sou | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Souzalite
Vitreous, Silky
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Blue-green, dark gray-green
Streak:
Pale green
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Two directions at approximate right angles. One good {001) and one fair perpendicular to {001}.
Sturman et al. (1981) write that they could find only one poor cleavage parallel to {001}. However, the mineral breaks along the composition planes of the
Two directions at approximate right angles. One good {001) and one fair perpendicular to {001}.
Sturman et al. (1981) write that they could find only one poor cleavage parallel to {001}. However, the mineral breaks along the composition planes of the
Density:
3.087 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.07 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Souzalite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.617 - 1.618 nβ = 1.642 nγ = 1.652 - 1.653
2V:
Measured: 66° to 68°, Calculated: 66° to 68°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.035
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X perpendicular to cleavage = Green
Y = Blue
Z = elongation to Yellow
Y = Blue
Z = elongation to Yellow
Chemistry of Souzalite
Mindat Formula:
(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
Crystallography of Souzalite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.2223 Å, b = 11.7801 Å, c = 5.1169 Å
α = 90.158°, β = 109.938°, γ = 81.330°
α = 90.158°, β = 109.938°, γ = 81.330°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.613 : 1 : 0.434
Unit Cell V:
404.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Crystals are bladed, to 1 cm, in aggregates; as coarse fibrous masses.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic twinning with the composition plane parallel to the good cleavage direction.
Comment:
boundary between souzalite (Mg dominant) and gormanite (Fe2+ dominant)
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0007014 | Souzalite | Le Bail A, Stephens P W, Hubert F (2003) A crystal structure for the souzalite/gormanite series from synchrotron powder diffraction data European Journal of Mineralogy 15 719-723 | 2003 | Rapid Creek, Yukon, Canada | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.386 Å | (100) |
2.553 Å | (90) |
2.921 Å | (80) |
4.760 Å | (60) |
3.152 Å | (60) |
3.06 Å | (40) |
6.72 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations | |
22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations |
Geological Setting:
Sedimentary phosphate nodules, and in a high-pressure kyanite deposit.
Type Occurrence of Souzalite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Irregular, fibrous masses intimately associated with scorzalite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M34010.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 100680.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, C5863, 159981, 160114.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 100680.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, C5863, 159981, 160114.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Rare hydrothermal alteration product of scorzalite in complex zoned granite pegmatites.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Pecora, W.T. and Fahey, J.J. (1949) The Corrego Frio pegmatite, Minas Gerais: Scorzalite and souzalite, two new phosphate minerals. American Mineralogist: 34: 83-93.
Other Language Names for Souzalite
Relationship of Souzalite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
11 photos of Souzalite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
8 photos of Souzalite associated with Gormanite | (Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
4 photos of Souzalite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
2 photos of Souzalite associated with Kulanite | Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
1 photo of Souzalite associated with Zanazziite | Ca2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
1 photo of Souzalite associated with Moraesite | Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.DC. | Ianbruceite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
8.DC. | Césarferreiraite | Fe2+ Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC. | Ferrivauxite | Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
8.DC.05 | Nissonite | Cu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2O |
8.DC.07 | Euchroite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
8.DC.10 | Legrandite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2O |
8.DC.12 | Strashimirite | Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O |
8.DC.15 | Arthurite | CuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.15 | Earlshannonite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.15 | Ojuelaite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.15 | Whitmoreite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.15 | Cobaltarthurite | (Co,Mg)Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.15 | Bendadaite | Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.15 | Kunatite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.15 | UM2006-27-PO:FeHZn | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.15 | UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH) | Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.17 | Kleemanite | ZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2O |
8.DC.20 | Bermanite | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.20 | Coralloite | Mn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.20 | Magnesiobermanite | MgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.DC.22 | Kovdorskite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
8.DC.25 | Ferristrunzite | Fe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
8.DC.25 | Ferrostrunzite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
8.DC.25 | Metavauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.25 | Metavivianite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
8.DC.25 | Strunzite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
8.DC.25 | Zincostrunzite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6.5H2O |
8.DC.27 | Beraunite | Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
8.DC.27 | Tvrdýite | Fe2+Fe3+2 Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
8.DC.27 | Zincoberaunite | ZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
8.DC.30 | Gordonite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Laueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Mangangordonite | Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Paravauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Pseudolaueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Sigloite | Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2O |
8.DC.30 | Stewartite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Ushkovite | MgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Ferrolaueite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Kastningite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Maghrebite | MgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.30 | Nordgauite | MnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2O |
8.DC.30 | Kayrobertsonite | [MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4] · 2H2O |
8.DC.30 | Kummerite | Mn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DC.32 | Tinticite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2O |
8.DC.32 | Kamarizaite | Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2O |
8.DC.35 | Vauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
8.DC.37 | Vantasselite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2O |
8.DC.40 | Cacoxenite | Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O |
8.DC.45 | Gormanite | (Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
8.DC.47 | Kingite | Al3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2O |
8.DC.50 | Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O |
8.DC.50 | Allanpringite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
8.DC.50 | Fluorwavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F · 5H2O |
8.DC.52 | Kribergite | Al5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
8.DC.55 | Mapimite | Zn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2O |
8.DC.57 | Ogdensburgite | Ca2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2O |
8.DC.60 | Nevadaite | (Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2O |
8.DC.60 | Cloncurryite | Cu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2O |
8.DC.62 | Kenngottite | Mn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 |
8.DC.67 | Molinelloite | Cu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4) |
8.DC.70 | Whitecapsite | H16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16 · 120H2O |
8.DC.75 | Heimite | PbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
8.DC.80 | Lednevite | Cu[PO3(OH)] · H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble with difficulty in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Souzalite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3719.html
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References for Souzalite
Reference List:
Pecora, William T., Fahey, Joseph J. (1949) The Corrego Frio pegmatite, Minas Gerais: scorzalite and souzalite, two new phosphate minerals. American Mineralogist, 34 (1-2) 83-93
Sturman, B. D., Mandarino, J. A., Mrose, M. E., Dunn, P. J. (1981) Gormanite, Fe2+3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O, the ferrous analogue of souzalite, and new data for souzalite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 19 (3) 381-387
Localities for Souzalite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Grew et al. (2007) |
Austria | |
| F.Bernhard |
| Walter et al. (2020) |
| Walter et al. (2020) |
Brazil (TL) | |
| Pecora et al. (1949) +1 other reference |
| Atencio et al. (2006) |
Canada | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
150-152. +2 other references | |
Robinson et al. (1992) | |
Robinson et al. (1992) | |
Portugal | |
| Gaspar et al. (2022) |
Rwanda | |
| F. Hatert et al. (PO4) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Roda et al. (2001) |
| Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007) |
| Roda-Robles et al. (2012) |
USA | |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Nashua Min. Soc. Disp. Cat. +1 other reference |
Whitmore et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
Geological Society of America Abstracts ... +2 other references |
Quick NavTopAbout SouzaliteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Rapid Creek, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada