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Beraunite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About BerauniteHide

00845910015343331062584.jpg
Beroun (Beraun), Czech Republic
Formula:
Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O
Colour:
Dark red, reddish, brown-red
Lustre:
Resinous, Pearly
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
2.8 - 3.08
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by August Breithaupt in 1840 for the town of Beroun (Beraun) near the type locality at the Hrbek Mine, Svatá Dobrotivá (St Benigna), Beroun (Beraun), Bohemia, Czech Republic. Beraunite was redefined by Fanfani and Zanazzi (1967), on the basis of a crystal structural analysis, as a mixed-valence iron phosphate and they left the original fully oxidized end-member unnamed. In essence, they had discovered a new mineral species (ferroberaunite; later defined by Tvrdý et al., 2021) but they re-used an existing name for a different composition (beraunite). Eleonorite was later defined by Chukanov et al. (2017) as the oxidized end-member of the beraunite-ferrobraunite series (previously also called "oxyberaunite") but is now discredited. Both beraunite and eleonorite had previously been applied to the fully oxidized mineral. Subsequently, Vrtiška et al. (2022), based on a restudy of the type material, redefined beraunite as the oxidised phase and discredited eleonorite.
A secondary mineral found in bog iron ores and phosphate deposits, plus as a cement in clays, sands, and bone material; also as an alteration product of triphylite in granitic pegmatites.

The name beraunite is now applied only to the fully oxidised species (see redefinition by Vrtiška et al., 2022) and the name ferroberaunite should be applied to the mixed-valence (both Fe2+ and Fe3+) species.
Note: beraunite is always more or less reddish, while ferrobraunite is greenish.

May be confused with acicular oxidised dufrénite and natrodufrénite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
628
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:628:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
3f188b63-f154-4c40-a46c-e5c5cab3c6c6

IMA Classification of BerauniteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Approval history:
Redefined formula IMA 21-D: Miyawaki et al. (2021), Vrtiška et al. (2022).

Classification of BerauniteHide

8.DC.27

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
42.11.16.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
19.13.10

19 : Phosphates
13 : Phosphates of Fe alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
BruIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of BerauniteHide

Resinous, Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Lustre pearly on cleavages, resinous on fractures.
Colour:
Dark red, reddish, brown-red
Streak:
Olive drab (unoxidized)
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Density:
2.8 - 3.08 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.894 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Calculated density value of 2.894 = greenish black material

Optical Data of BerauniteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.707 - 1.775 nβ = 1.735 - 1.786 nγ = 1.738 - 1.820
2V:
Measured: 30° to 60°, Calculated: 66°
Birefringence:
0.031
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.031 - 0.045
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
relatively weak
Optical Extinction:
Y^c = 1.5-5°, Z = b (unoxidized)
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Colors depend on state of oxidation; The low RI represents beraunite (redefined as mixed valence iron phosphate). Oxidation results in higher refractive indices and approach the original eleonorite.

Chemistry of BerauniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O

Crystallography of BerauniteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
m - Domatic
Space Group:
Bb
Setting:
Cc
Cell Parameters:
a = 20.653(2) Å, b = 5.1433(6) Å, c = 19.241(2) Å
β = 93.56(9)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 4.016 : 1 : 3.741
Unit Cell V:
2,039.92 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals rare and small, tabular {100}, elongated [010], striated on {100} parallel to [010]. Coarse radial-fibrous aggregates; globular; discoidal with a coarse-fibrous structure; as crusts.


Twinning:
On {100}, may be interpenetrant.
Comment:
Space group Cc determined by Vrtiška et al. (2022); previously assumed to be C2/c. Cell-parameter values for restudied type material (Vrtiška et al., 2022). Data for orange material: a = 20.646, b = 5.129, c = 19.212 Å, β = 93.67°. Greenish black material (probably ferroberaunite) has: a = 20.953(8), b = 5.171(1), c = 19.266(4) Å, β = 93.34°.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005231BerauniteMarzoni Fecia di Cossato Y, Orlandi P, Pasero M (1989) Manganese-bearing beraunite from Mangualde, Portugal: mineral data and structure refinement The Canadian Mineralogist 27 441-4461989Mangualde, Portugal0293
0019158BerauniteMoore P B, Kampf A R (1992) Beraunite: Refinement, comparative crystal chemistry, and selected bond valences Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 201 263-2811992Campanian age marls of Mullica Hill, New Jersey, USA0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
10.37 Å(100)
9.58 Å(50)
7.229 Å(50)
5.18 Å(10)
4.825 Å(60)
4.418 Å(50)
4.09 Å(20)
3.747 Å(30)
3.47 Å(30)
3.33 Å(10)
3.187 Å(40)
3.082 Å(60)
2.838 Å(20)
2.732 Å(30)
2.705 Å(30)
2.582 Å(30)
2.488 Å(20)
2.422 Å(20)
2.312 Å(25)
2.227 Å(20)
2.154 Å(10)
2.109 Å(30)
2.082 Å(10)
2.058 Å(10)
2.009 Å(30)
1.972 Å(10)
1.923 Å(30)
1.870 Å(10)
1.830 Å(10)
1.813 Å(10)
1.764 Å(10)
1.767 Å(10)
1.742 Å(10)
1.718 Å(20)
1.691 Å(15)
1.662 Å(10)
1.641 Å(10)
1.621 Å(30)
1.599 Å(10)
1.570 Å(10)
1.541 Å(20)
1.459 Å(20)
1.436 Å(20)
1.372 Å(10)
1.328 Å(10)
1.315 Å(10)
1.290 Å(20)
1.279 Å(20)
1.240 Å(10)
Comments:
ICDD 22-631 See also ferroberaunite, the unoxidized end-member from Palermo #1 Quarry, Groton, NH, USA

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
Geological Setting:
Bog iron ores, alteration of triphyllite in granitic pegmatites.

Type Occurrence of BerauniteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Dark red to orange crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Freiberg Mining Academy, Freiberg, Saxony, Germany: #21359.

Synonyms of BerauniteHide

Other Language Names for BerauniteHide

German:Beraunit
Spanish:Beraunita

Relationship of Beraunite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of this group:
FerroberauniteFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
TvrdýiteFe2+Fe3+2 Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
ZincoberauniteZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
214 photos of Beraunite associated with StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
191 photos of Beraunite associated with CacoxeniteFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
107 photos of Beraunite associated with KidwelliteNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11 · 3H2O, x = 0.33
62 photos of Beraunite associated with RockbridgeiteFe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5
44 photos of Beraunite associated with StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O
40 photos of Beraunite associated with DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
30 photos of Beraunite associated with FerristrunziteFe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O
21 photos of Beraunite associated with PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
20 photos of Beraunite associated with StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
16 photos of Beraunite associated with LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.DC.IanbruceiteZn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.CésarferreiraiteFe2+ Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.FerrivauxiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.05NissoniteCu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.07EuchroiteCu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.DC.10LegranditeZn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.12StrashimiriteCu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2OMon.
8.DC.15ArthuriteCuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15EarlshannoniteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15OjuelaiteZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15WhitmoreiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15Cobaltarthurite(Co,Mg)Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15BendadaiteFe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15KunatiteCuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15UM2006-27-PO:FeHZnZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
8.DC.15UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
8.DC.17KleemaniteZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
8.DC.20BermaniteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.20CoralloiteMn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.20MagnesiobermaniteMgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.DC.22KovdorskiteMg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25FerristrunziteFe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric.
8.DC.25FerrostrunziteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric.
8.DC.25MetavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25MetavivianiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25ZincostrunziteZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6.5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.27TvrdýiteFe2+Fe3+2 Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.27ZincoberauniteZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.30GordoniteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30MangangordoniteMn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30PseudolaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.30SigloiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30UshkoviteMgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30FerrolaueiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kastningite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30MaghrebiteMgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30NordgauiteMnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kayrobertsonite[MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4] · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30KummeriteMn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.32TinticiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.32KamarizaiteFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.35VauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.37VantasseliteAl4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2OOrth.
8.DC.40CacoxeniteFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.45Gormanite(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric.
8.DC.45Souzalite(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric. 1
8.DC.47KingiteAl3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2OTric.
8.DC.50WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
8.DC.50AllanpringiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DC.50FluorwavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)2F · 5H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
8.DC.52KribergiteAl5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.55MapimiteZn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2OMon. m : Bm
8.DC.57OgdensburgiteCa2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmmm
8.DC.60Nevadaite(Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
8.DC.60CloncurryiteCu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.62KenngottiteMn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 Mon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.67MolinelloiteCu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4)Tric. 1 : P1
8.DC.70WhitecapsiteH16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16 · 120H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.75HeimitePbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2OMon. 2/m
8.DC.80LedneviteCu[PO3(OH)] · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

Fluorescence of BerauniteHide

Not fluorescent in UV.

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Readily soluble in HCl.

Alters to limonite and alters from Vivianite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BerauniteHide

References for BerauniteHide

Reference List:

Localities for BerauniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
        • Broken Hill
Birch et al. (1997)
          • Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)
Birch et al. (1997)
Day (1998)
  • South Australia
    • Flinders Ranges
      • South Flinders Ranges
        • Wilmington
Pring et al. (1999)
    • Mt Lofty Ranges
      • North Mt Lofty Ranges
        • Barossa Valley
          • Penrice
Harrowfield et al. (1981)
        • Kapunda
Peter Elliott
  • Victoria
    • Mount Alexander Shire
      • Castlemaine
        • Campbells Creek
Pat Sutton & Museum Victoria
    • South Gippsland Shire
      • Hoddle Range
        • Fish Creek
B.Day 1996. What's New in Australia
Austria
 
  • Lower Austria
    • Krems-Land District
      • Maria Laach am Jauerling
        • Nonnersdorf
Kappelmüller (1994)
  • Styria
    • Leoben District
      • Eisenerz
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
      • Sankt Peter-Freienstein
Josef Taucher
    • Voitsberg District
      • Edelschrott
        • Modriach
          • Herzogberg
Postl (1987) +1 other reference
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Hainaut
      • Bernissart
        • Blaton
Van Tassel (1966) +8 other references
    • Liège
      • Visé
Hatert et al. (2002)
    • Namur
      • Anhée
Collected by Michel Blondieau - Chollet ...
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Conselheiro Pena
Mineralogical Record 24: 384-385
    • Divino das Laranjeiras
      • Linópolis
Cassedanne (1983)
    • Galiléia
      • Sapucaia do Norte
Frost et al. (2014)
Sergio Varvello photo +1 other reference
    • Mantena
King (n.d.)
  • Paraíba
    • Picuí
Sergio Varvello collection
Cameroon
 
  • Adamawa Region
    • Vina
      • Martap
Fransolet et al. (1984)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Beroun District
      • Hudlice
Vrtiška L. et al. (2018)
      • Zaječov
        • Svatá Dobrotivá (St Benigna)
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
    • Kutná Hora District
      • Vlkaneč
Povondra et al. (eds.) +1 other reference
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Sokolov District
      • Krásno
Petr Pauliš (2000) +1 other reference
Sejkora et al. (2006)
  • Liberec Region
    • Semily District
Jan Hykš collection
  • Pardubice Region
    • Pardubice District
      • Morašice
Vrtiška et al. (2019)
  • Plzeň Region
    • Domažlice District
      • Otov
Č +4 other references
    • Rokycany District
      • Těškov
Janouš +4 other references
  • Vysočina Region
    • Pelhřimov District
      • Křeč
Vrtiška L et al. (2017)
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Bory
Staně +4 other references
Staněk
Europe
 
Berbain et al. (2012)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Allier
      • Vichy
Detaille (2015)
        • Échassières
          • Montmins mining district
            • Le Mazet
Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet collections (visual ID) +1 other reference
Cuchet et al. (2000)
  • Brittany
    • Morbihan
      • Pontivy
        • Plumelin
Le Roc'h P. ()
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Haute-Vienne
      • Bellac
        • Razès
          • Chanteloube
            • Vilatte Quarries (La Vilate)
Hatert et al. (2020)
  • Occitanie
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Argelès-sur-Mer
Berbain et al. (2012)
IMA nomenclature revision dictates that ...
Berbain et al. (2012)
    • Tarn
      • Castres
        • Fontrieu
          • Fumade
PIERROT R. et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Regen District
        • Zwiesel
          • Rabenstein
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
    • Upper Franconia
      • Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge
        • Arzberg
54. +1 other reference
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Amberg-Sulzbach District
        • Auerbach in der Oberpfalz
          • Nitzlbuch (Nitzelbuch)
Palache et al. (1951)
          • Schleichershof
42. (in German) +1 other reference
Andreas Gerstenberg collection
      • Neustadt an der Waldnaab District
        • Pleystein
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
DILL et al. (2008) +1 other reference
        • Waidhaus
Dill (2009) +1 other reference
Weiß (1990)
www.berthold-weber.de (2001) +1 other reference
Steffen Michalski collection - ex ... +2 other references
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Kemnath
          • Hopfau
Pöllmann et al. (2005)
        • Plößberg
  • Hesse
    • Darmstadt
      • Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis
        • Waldems
          • Steinfischbach
www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)
    • Giessen Region
      • Giessen
        • Biebertal
          • Rodheim-Bieber
Mineralogical Magazine +2 other references
      • Lahn-Dill-Kreis
        • Braunfels
Chukanov et al. (2017)
        • Lahnau
          • Waldgirmes
Dana 6: 797 +2 other references
        • Schöffengrund
          • Laufdorf
Weiß (1990)
      • Limburg-Weilburg
        • Weilmünster
          • Essershausen
Müller et al. (2012)
        • Weinbach
Blaß (2002) +2 other references
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Hochsauerlandkreis
        • Arnsberg
          • Uentrop
Weiß (1990)
      • Soest
        • Warstein
D. Pawlowski: "Mineralfundstellen im Sauerland" (Munich) +1 other reference
    • Düsseldorf
      • Wuppertal
        • Aprath castle
Emser Hefte 1988 (4)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Bernkastel-Wittlich
      • Bernkastel-Kues
        • Hochscheid
www.mineralienfreunde-der-pfalz.de (2020)
    • Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
      • Aar-Einrich
        • Mudershausen
www.mineralienatlas.de (2016)
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
Dana (1892)
    • Görlitz District
      • Neißeaue
Witzke et al. (2013)
      • Rengersdorf
Witzke et al. (1997)
    • Vogtlandkreis
      • Steinberg
        • Wildenau
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Schleswig-Holstein
    • Nordfriesland
      • Joldelund
Wittern (2001)
  • Thuringia
    • Nordhausen District
      • Harztor
        • Herrmannsacker
          • Lange Tal
            • Neustadt dam
Gröbner et al. (2011)
    • Saale-Orla District
      • Hirschberg
        • Ullersreuth
T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001 (12)
Lapis (12)
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Kazincbarcika District
      • Dédestapolcsány
Koch: Minerals of Hungary
    • Nekézseny
Szakáll et al. (1996)
Ireland
 
  • Munster
    • Cork County
      • Glandore
Palache et al. (1951)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Savona Province
      • Vado Ligure
Balestra C. (2010)
  • Lombardy
    • Lecco Province
      • Colico
VIGNOLA et al. (2007)
  • Sardinia
    • Metropolitan City of Cagliari
      • Villa San Pietro
Orlandi (2011)
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Rio
De Michele (1974)
          • Rio Mine
Garavelli et al. (1967)
Japan
 
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Kobe city
      • Nishi-ku
S. Matsubara (2000)
S. Matsubara (2000)
  • Ibaraki Prefecture
    • Kasumigaura City
      • Chiyoda-machi
The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed)
Mali
 
  • Sikasso Region
    • Kadiolo Cercle
Gineste (2012)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Ouarzazate Province
      • Amerzgane Cercle
        • Ouisselsate Caïdat
Favreau (2012)
  • Marrakesh-Safi Region
    • Rehamna Province
      • Sidi Bou Othmane Cercle
        • Jebilet Mtn (Djebilet Mtn)
          • Sidi Bou Othmane
Favreau (2012)
Favreau (2012)
Netherlands
 
  • Drenthe
    • Emmen
T.G. Nijland
Norway
 
  • Viken
    • Nittedal
Larsen (2019)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Świdnica County
      • Gmina Świdnica
Włodek et al. (2015)
        • Michałkowa pegmatites
Pieczka et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Portugal
 
  • Faro
    • Alcoutim
      • Martim Longo
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
  • Guarda
    • Gouveia
      • Folgosinho
Pedro Alves collection
    • Sabugal
      • Bendada
Schnorrer-Köhler (1991)
Pedro Alves collection +2 other references
  • Viana do Castelo
    • Caminha
      • Arga de Baixo
Sergio Varvello collection
    • Ponte da Barca
      • Touvedo (São Lourenço e Salvador)
Self-find by Nuno Afonso +1 other reference
    • Ponte de Lima
      • Cabração e Moreira do Lima
        • Moreira do Lima
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
  • Viseu
    • Mangualde
      • Mangualde (Mesquitela e Cunha Alta)
Marzoni Fecia di Cossato Y. et al. (1989)
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
Mineralien Atlas
    • Penalva do Castelo
      • Castelo de Penalva
António Joaquim Monteiro
    • Vila Nova de Paiva
Identified in Rebentão Mine
      • Queiriga
        • Lagares do Estanho Mines
IMA nomenclature revision
Russia
 
Pekin et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Spain
 
  • Castile-La Mancha
    • Ciudad Real
      • Almodóvar del Campo
IMA nomenclature revision +3 other references
www.foro-minerales.com (2022) +1 other reference
  • Castile and Leon
    • Zamora
      • Villar del Buey
        • Pinilla de Fermoselle
  • Catalonia
    • Barcelona
      • Baix Llobregat
        • Gavà
          • Bruguers
Bareche (2005)
      • Vallès Occidental
        • Montcada i Reixac
Rosell et al. (2006)
    • Tarragona
      • Priorat
Joan Rosell (02/2016)
  • Community of Madrid
    • Soto del Real
      • San Pedro Massif
        • Rancajales
Gonzalez del Tánago J. (1985)
  • Extremadura
    • Cáceres
      • Zarza la Mayor
Viñals et al. (2011)
  • Galicia
    • Pontevedra
      • Gondomar
        • Vincios
          • Galiñeiro Complex
NÚÑEZ-GARCÍA et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Sweden
 
  • Norrbotten County
    • Kiruna
      • Kiruna Town Mining District
Palache et al. (1951)
      • Svappavaara
Bjällerud (1989) +1 other reference
Switzerland
 
  • Ticino
    • Locarno
      • Brissago
Stalder et al. (1998)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Linkinhorne
        • Minions
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Perranzabuloe
        • Perran Iron Lode (Great Perran Iron Lode)
Sparrow (1989) +1 other reference
      • St Hilary
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Treverbyn
        • Stenalees
M Kampf collection
Hall (1868) +1 other reference
    • Cumbria
      • Allerdale
        • Caldbeck
          • Coombe Height
Hartley (1984) +2 other references
Stanley et al. (1991)
    • Devon
      • North Devon
        • Bishop's Tawton
Alysson Rowan collection
USA
 
  • Alabama
    • Calhoun County
      • Jacksonville
Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333 +1 other reference
Rocks & Min.: 58:57-62.
    • Cherokee County
Rob Lavinsky +1 other reference
Min.Rec.:20 (5) +1 other reference
Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. ...
      • Rock Run
        • Wolfden Mountain
Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    • Coosa County
      • Rockford Mining District
        • Two Bit pegmatite
Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333. IMA ...
    • Shelby County
IMA nomenclature revision re-instated ...
Rocks & Min. (2007)
    • Tuscaloosa County
      • Woodstock Mining District
        • Woodstock
Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333. IMA ...
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Galbraith (1959)
  • Arkansas
Rocks and Minerals (1988)
    • Garland County
      • Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)
        • Union Carbide Mine
Howard +1 other reference
    • Montgomery County
      • North Mountain
Rocks & Min.: 63:113 +2 other references
    • Polk County
IMA nomenclature revision re-instated ... +1 other reference
      • Shady
Rocks & Min.:63:118. +1 other reference
Am Min 51:1811-1814. +1 other reference
IMA nomenclature revision re-instated ... +1 other reference
      • Three Oak Gap
Smith (1988)
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Connecticut
    • Litchfield County
      • Harwinton
Observations of Januzzi material by ...
    • Middlesex County
      • East Hampton (Chatham)
        • Cobalt
Moritz (n.d.) +1 other reference
Blanchard et al. (1968)
    • Polk County
      • Central Florida Phosphate Mining District (Bone Valley)
        • Homeland
Denicourt +2 other references
        • Noralyn/Phosphoria Mines (IMC-Agrico)
IMA nomenclature revision re-instated ... +1 other reference
IMA nomenclature revision re-instated ... +1 other reference
Am Min 53:2096-2101. +1 other reference
  • Georgia
    • Polk County
Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp161-165
  • Indiana
    • Pike County
Coveney et al. (1984)
  • Maine
    • Cumberland County
      • Baldwin
        • West Baldwin
Thompson et al. (2000)
    • Oxford County
      • Greenwood
        • Uncle Tom Mountain
Vandall King +3 other references
      • Newry
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
      • Paris
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
      • Rumford
Scott Soucey and Tim Blake
King et al. (1994)
      • Stoneham
W. B. Thompson et al. (2005)
Thompson et al. (1998)
  • Montana
    • Silver Bow County
      • Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District)
The Mineralogy of The Butte District +1 other reference
  • Nevada
    • Humboldt County
      • Iron Point Mining District
        • Valmy
Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ...
  • New Hampshire
    • Cheshire County
      • Alstead
King (n.d.)
      • Walpole
P. Cristofono et al. (2011)
    • Grafton County
      • Groton
Wilken
Rocks & Minerals: 80: 252.
Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references
Rocks & Min. +2 other references
      • Orange
Thompson et al. (2022)
  • New Jersey
    • Gloucester County
      • Harrison Township
Henderson (1980)
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
    • Monmouth County
      • Upper Freehold Township
        • Arneytown
C.G.Segeler (personal communication)
    • Morris County
      • Rockaway Township
Palache et al. (1951)
  • New Mexico
    • Grant County
Northrop et al. (1996)
        • Santa Rita
Mineralogical Magazine 60:787-793. +1 other reference
  • North Carolina
    • Cleveland County
      • Kings Mountain
Horton et al. (1981) +1 other reference
    • Gaston County
Rocks & Min.: 60:89. +1 other reference
  • Pennsylvania
    • Cumberland County
      • Mount Holly Springs
Mineralogical Record: 11: 311. +2 other references
    • Northampton County
      • Lower Saucon Township
        • Hellertown
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
    • Snyder County
      • Middlecreek Township
Min. Col. PA +2 other references
  • South Carolina
    • Cherokee County
      • Kings Creek Mining District
        • Kings Creek Mine
Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp173-175
  • South Dakota
    • Custer County
      • Custer Mining District
        • Fourmile
Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. +1 other reference
        • Pringle
          • Cicero Peak
Smith et al. (2000)
    • Pennington County
      • Keystone Mining District
        • Glendale
Campbell et al. (1985)
Smith et al. (2000)
        • Keystone
Smith et al. (2000)
Smith et al. (2000)
  • Tennessee
    • Wayne County
      • Iron City
Travis A. Paris (2011)
 
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