Descloizite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Descloizite
Alfred Des Cloizeaux
Formula:
PbZn(VO4)(OH)
Colour:
Brownish red, red-orange, reddish brown to blackish brown, nearly black
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
6.2
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1854 by Augustin Alexis Damour in honor of Alfred Louis Olivier Le Grand Des Cloizeaux [October 17, 1817, Beauvais, Oise, France - May 6, 1897, Paris, France], Professor of Mineralogy, University of Paris, who first described the mineral.
Type Locality:
Adelite-Descloizite Group. Descloizite-Mottramite Series. The zinc analogue of Mottramite, vanadate analogue of Arsendescloizite.
A secondary mineral often found in the oxidation zones of base metal deposits.
Crystal structure details (Effenberger, 2002; Qurashi and Barnes, 1964): M2 site is Zn; in opposition to adelite, there are no (M2)O6 octahedra, but ZnO4(OH)2 dipyramids, the difference being due to Jahn-Teller distortion; the dipyramids share edges to form chains; the chains are parallel to [001]; two chains are linked via a tetrahedron to form 3D framework; in the framework there are cavities where the M1 site (here: Pb) is located; Pb forms PbO7(OH) square antiprism.
A secondary mineral often found in the oxidation zones of base metal deposits.
Crystal structure details (Effenberger, 2002; Qurashi and Barnes, 1964): M2 site is Zn; in opposition to adelite, there are no (M2)O6 octahedra, but ZnO4(OH)2 dipyramids, the difference being due to Jahn-Teller distortion; the dipyramids share edges to form chains; the chains are parallel to [001]; two chains are linked via a tetrahedron to form 3D framework; in the framework there are cavities where the M1 site (here: Pb) is located; Pb forms PbO7(OH) square antiprism.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1267
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1267:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
4924dabe-28c7-4249-8f6f-cbb3594ad951
IMA Classification of Descloizite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Descloizite
8.BH.40
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
41.5.2.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
21.3.11
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Dcz | IMAβCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Descloizite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Brownish red, red-orange, reddish brown to blackish brown, nearly black
Comment:
Crystals often exhibit zonal growth with varying colours.
Streak:
Orange to brownish red
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Comment:
Somewhat harder on external crystal faces.
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
6.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.202 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Descloizite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.185 nβ = 2.265 nγ = 2.350
2V:
Measured: 85° to 90°, Calculated: 88°
Birefringence:
0.165
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.165
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
strong r > v rarely r < v
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Weak to strong:
X = Y = Canary yellow to greenish yellow
Z = Brownish yellow
X = Y = Canary yellow to greenish yellow
Z = Brownish yellow
Chemistry of Descloizite
Mindat Formula:
PbZn(VO4)(OH)
Common Impurities:
Cu
Crystallography of Descloizite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.593 Å, b = 6.057 Å, c = 9.416 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.254 : 1 : 1.555
Unit Cell V:
433.05 Γ
Β³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals equant to pyramidal {111}, prismatic [001], rarely tabular {100} or short prismatic [100]. Crystal faces are commonly uneven or rough, with frequent sub-parallel growth. Drusy crusts of intergrown crystals common; also stalactitic or massive with a coarse fibrous structure and mammillary or botryoidal surface. Massive granular at times, compact to friable.
Comment:
Pnam
Crystallographic forms of Descloizite
Crystal Atlas:
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Descloizite no.19 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Descloizite no.24 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005082 | Descloizite | Qurashi M M, Barnes W H (1964) The structures of the minerals of the descloizite and adelite groups: V - descloizite and conichalcite (part 3). The structure of descloizite The Canadian Mineralogist 8 23-39 |  | 1964 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009663 | Descloizite | Hawthorne F C, Faggiani R (1979) Refinement of the structure of descloizite Acta Crystallographica B35 717-720 |  | 1979 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.12 Γ | (80) |
| 4.25 Γ | (60) |
| 3.23 Γ | (100) |
| 2.90 Γ | (80) |
| 2.69 Γ | (80) |
| 2.62 Γ | (80) |
| 2.30 Γ | (80) |
| 1.652 Γ | (80) |
Comments:
ICDD 12-537; See also 41-1369.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-π alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Geological Setting:
Secondary mineral in oxidized zone of vanadium bearing base metal deposits.
Type Occurrence of Descloizite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
MusΓ©um Nationale dβHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France, number 54184 and 104501 (type)
Ecole Nationale SupΓ©rieure des Mines, Paris, France.
Ecole Nationale SupΓ©rieure des Mines, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Pb, Zn, U, and V deposit.
Synonyms of Descloizite
Other Language Names for Descloizite
Catalan:Discloizita
Italian:Descloizite
Portuguese:Descloizite
Russian:ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ
Simplified Chinese:ηΎι
ιηΏ
Varieties of Descloizite
| Copper-bearing Descloizite | An unnecessary name for a member of the Descloizite-Mottramite Series with Zn>Cu. Originally reported from San Luis Potosí, Mexico. |
| Dechenite | An As-bearing variety of descloizite. Originally described from an unnamed quarry near Niederschlettenbach, Bad Bergzabern, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. |
Relationship of Descloizite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Δechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Duftite-alpha | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) | |
| Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Unnamed (Pb-analogue of Nickelaustinite) | PbNi(AsO4)(OH) | |
| Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 367 photos of Descloizite associated with Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| 301 photos of Descloizite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 178 photos of Descloizite associated with Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| 123 photos of Descloizite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 84 photos of Descloizite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 69 photos of Descloizite associated with Arsenic-bearing Vanadinite | Pb5[(V,As)O4]3Cl |
| 66 photos of Descloizite associated with Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 53 photos of Descloizite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 51 photos of Descloizite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 37 photos of Descloizite associated with Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BH. | Crimsonite | PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Reznitskyite | CaMg(VO4)F |
| 8.BH. | Cuprozheshengite | Pb4CuZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Zheshengite | Pb4ZnZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Peterchinite | Zn3Zn2(OH)6As[O3(OH)3] |
| 8.BH.05 | Thadeuite | Ca(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BH.10 | Durangite | NaAl(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Isokite | CaMg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Maxwellite | NaFe3+(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Panasqueiraite | CaMg(PO4)(OH,F) |
| 8.BH.10 | Kononovite | NaMg(SO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Arsenatrotitanite | NaTi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.15 | Drugmanite | Pb2(Fe3+,Al)(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Cirrolite | Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 (?) |
| 8.BH.20 | Kulanite | Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Perloffite | Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite Group | |
| 8.BH.20 | Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.25 | Bertossaite | (Li,Na)2(Ca,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al4(PO4)4(OH,F)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Natropalermoite | Na2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.30 | Carminite | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.30 | Sewardite | CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.35 | Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gabrielsonite | PbFe3+(As3+O3)O |
| 8.BH.35 | Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Duftite-alpha | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Δechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Khorixasite | (Bi0.67β»0.33)Cu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.45 | Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.45 | VΓ©signiΓ©ite | BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.50 | Paganoite | NiBi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.55 | Harrisonite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2 |
| 8.BH.55 | Jagowerite | BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.60 | Attakolite | CaMn2+Al4(SiO3OH)(PO4)3(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.65 | Leningradite | PbCu3(VO4)2Cl |
| 8.BH.70 | Katiarsite | KTiO(AsO4) |
| 8.BH.70 | Yurgensonite | K2SnTiO2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BH.75 | Melanarsite | K3Cu7Fe3+O4(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BH.80 | Moraskoite | Na2Mg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.80 | Evseevite | Na2Mg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.85 | Piccoliite | NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH) |
Fluorescence of Descloizite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Heated in a closed tube it gives water.
Notes:
Readily soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Rarely an ore of vanadium.
Internet Links for Descloizite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1267.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Descloizite
Reference List:
Frenzel, A. (1880) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 3: 506 (as Tritochorit).
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.67
Diefenbach (1930) Zeitschrift fΓΌr Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 74: 155.
Bannister, F. A. (1933) The identity of mottramite and psittacinite with cupriferous descloizite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 23 (141) 376-386 doi:10.1180/minmag.1933.023.141.04
Richmond, Wallace E. (1940) Crystal chemistry of the phosphates, arsenates and vanadates of the type A2XO4(Z) American Mineralogist, 25 (7) 441-479
Barnes, W. H., Qurashi, M. M. (1952) Unit cell and space group data for certain vanadium minerals. American Mineralogist, 37 (5-6) 407-422
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1956) New occurrences of vanadium minerals (mottramite, descloizite, and vanadinite) in the Caldbeck area of Cumberland. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (235) 289-295 doi:10.1180/minmag.1956.031.235.02
Hawthorne, F. C., Faggiani, R. (1979) Refinement of the structure of descloizite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 35 (3) 717-720 doi:10.1107/s0567740879004519
Localities for Descloizite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
β - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Argentina | |
| Sureda (1978) |
| Stephan Wolfsried collection. +3 other references |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| various added photos |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
| A. G. Quiroga y T. RuΓz (1994) |
Australia | |
| Pring et al. (2000) |
| John Toma XRD cinfirmed at South ... |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Gramaccioli |
| Birch et al. (2007) |
| Hancock et al. (2007) |
| Hancock et al. (2007) | |
| Hancock et al. (2007) | |
| Secondary Minerals from the Braeside ... +3 other references | |
| Hancock et al. (2007) | |
| Secondar Minerals from the Braeside ... +4 other references | |
| Hancock et al. (2007) | |
| Secondary Minerals from the Braeside ... +3 other references | |
| Secondary Minerals from the Braeside ... +3 other references | |
| Downes et al. (2011) |
Austria | |
| [var: Dechenite] Naumann et al. (1898) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (1999) |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) | |
| |
| F. Stefan: Der Karinthin 91:187-193 (1984) |
| C.Auer (2014) | |
| C.Auer (2014) | |
| Exel (1993) | |
| C.Auer (2014) | |
| [var: Dechenite] Exel (1993) | |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) |
| [Mineralogical Record 29:184] |
| Auer (1998) |
| ID by Dr.F.Bernhard |
| Knobloch (2003) |
| P. Tomazic et al. (2012) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Exel (1993) | |
| Exel (1993) | |
| Exel (1993) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Lapis 19 (7/8) |
| Arthofer (2018) |
Botswana | |
| Forrester +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Chile | |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen SchlΓΌter (Hamburg University) |
| collected and analysed by french ... |
| Personally collected by GΓΌnter Frenz |
| A.Molina collection +1 other reference |
China | |
| Ernan Fan et al. (1983) |
| Ernan Fan et al. (1983) |
| Shangyi Gu et al. (2002) |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Dejuan Wen et al. (2013) |
| Qingmin Jin et al. (1992) |
Czech Republic | |
| [Lapis 1995 |
| OndruΕ‘ et al. (1989) | |
| C.Auer 1992 | |
| PauliΕ‘ et al. (2023) |
DR Congo | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Deliens (1996) +1 other reference |
| ... +2 other references |
Egypt | |
| Afify et al. (2022) |
France | |
| Y. Vessely collection |
| EDS by Vincent Bourgoin - Jean Wyart ... | |
| Brousse (1982) |
| Gol (2014) |
| Jean-Robert et Christaine Eytier. +1 other reference |
| Garric François |
| Bernadi G. (1992) | |
| Y. Vessely collection |
Germany | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) | |
| PΓΆllmann et al. (1990) |
| Lapis 23 (12) |
| Lapis 23 (12) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Lapis 9 (1) |
| Belendorff et al. (1987) |
| Joachim GrΓΆbner (2019) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Heckmann et al. (1990) | |
| [var: Dechenite] WeiΓ (1990) |
| [var: Dechenite] WeiΓ (1990) |
| [var: Dechenite] Naumann et al. (1898) +1 other reference |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Schlegel (1991) |
| Sebastian MΓΆller | |
Greece | |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
| |
| Branko Rieck collection |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference | |
| Hanke (1998) | |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
Iran | |
| M. Kampf collection +1 other reference |
| Betts (n.d.) |
| Bariand | |
Italy | |
| Balestra C. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Albertini et al. (2005) |
| Lovisato (1904) +2 other references |
| Olmi F. et al. (1995) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Orlandi et al. (2005) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Antonio Gamboni collection +1 other reference | |
| Giuliano bettini collection |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) |
| SEM-EDX INCA 2011.03.20 - Team AMI ... +1 other reference |
| Boscardin et al. (2014) | |
Japan | |
| Okamoto et al (1959) |
| Hirama et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Okamoto et al (1959) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Smolyaninova et al. (1970) +1 other reference |
| Smolyaninova et al. (1970) +2 other references | |
Mexico | |
| Rocks & Min.:64:501. +1 other reference |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Gerardo Perez Reveles 2020 |
| Mineralium Deposita (2009) | |
| Philip Krieger (1933) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Rocks & Min.: 56:247. +1 other reference | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| www.exceptionalminerals.com |
Morocco | |
| ColecciΓ³n Juan A.M. Barnestein |
| Collection Elmar Lackner | |
Namibia | |
| Kleser et al. (2008) |
| Palfi et al. (2009) |
| Cairncross et al. (1997) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] von Bezing (2007) |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] |
| Bezing et al. (2007) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference | |
| von Bezing (2007) | |
| Reddy et al. (2009) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Rocks & Min.: 22:224 +3 other references | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] | |
| Michael W. Kieron collection ex Harvard ... +1 other reference |
| von Bezing et al. (2016) | |
| von Bezing et al. (2016) | |
| Mineralogical Record: 28: 124. +1 other reference | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Rui Nunes collection | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] |
| Cairncross (1997) +1 other reference | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] | |
| Markham (1959) | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] | |
| Rui Nunes | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] | |
| [Mineralogical Record 28:124] | |
North Macedonia | |
| Ermolaeva et al. (2019) |
Norway | |
| Husdal et al. (2019) |
| Folvik (2019) |
Poland | |
| Domań +2 other references |
Portugal | |
| Rui Nunes October 2008 |
| Pimentel et al. (2007) | |
| Pedro Alves analytical data and technical report (confidential) |
Republic of the Congo | |
| Michel Arliguie specimens |
Russia | |
| Rakhimov et al. (2023) |
| Kondratieva et al. (2021) |
| Pekov (1998) +2 other references | |
Slovenia | |
| ReΔnik (2014) |
| Bancroft et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| TerziΔ (1972) +1 other reference | |
| Aleksander ReΔnik (2011) | |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) | |
| Reeks (2007) |
| Gutzmer (2006) |
Spain | |
| Rewitzer et al. (2018) |
| Carmona Ruiz +2 other references |
| Carmona Ruiz +2 other references | |
| GΓ³mez F. & Sola J.M. (2000) |
| GΓ³mez F. & Sola J.M. (2000) | |
| GΓ³mez F. & Sola J.M. (2000) | |
| GΓ³mez F. & Sola J.M. (2000) | |
| GΓ³mez F. & Sola J.M. (2000) | |
| Christian Rewitzer - SEM-EDS analyzed | |
| GΓ³mez F. & Sola J.M. (2000) | |
| Recently analyzed by Enri GarcΓa |
| Romero Silva JC (2003) |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Cesar Menor Salvan |
| Menor (2010) |
| Menor (2010) | |
| Menor (2010) | |
| Rosell et al. (2017 in press) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Lapis 29 (1) | |
| Lapis 29 (1) |
| Liso et al. (1994) | |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tunisia | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Garnit et al. (2018) |
Turkey | |
| M Kampf collection +1 other reference |
| Santoro (2015) |
UK | |
| Day (1999) |
| Elton et al. (2004) |
| Cooper et al. (1990) |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| vanadinite and descloizite +1 other reference |
| Day (1999) |
| S. Rust collection |
| S Rust collection | |
| S Rust collection | |
| |
| |
| Steve Rust collection |
| S. Rust collection. | |
| S Rust collection |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] MRDS database Dep. ID file #10046235 |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Harcourt (1942) +1 other reference | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Luetcke (n.d.) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Dana 6: 1093. | |
| Rob Bowell | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Robert Jenkins Raman Spectroscopy |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Galbraith. F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959) +1 other reference |
| Betts (n.d.) |
| Trebisky (1975) +1 other reference |
| Keith (1972) +1 other reference |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10037112 +1 other reference |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10098361 | |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Peterson (1962) |
| Wilson et al. (1950) +3 other references |
| Wilson et al. (1950) +1 other reference |
| Peterson (1962) |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027464 |
| Wilson et al. (1950) +1 other reference | |
| Lausen (1925) +2 other references |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] MRDS database Dep. ID #10046305 |
| Kenneth Dresang and JD Mizer collection |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Mineralogical Record 22:382 |
| Collection of Alex Earl |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Dana 6:774. |
| Williams (1968) +1 other reference |
| MinRec 19 (3) |
| |
| Wilson (1974) +1 other reference |
| MRDS file #10027869. |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Williams (1968) +1 other reference | |
| Jahns (1952) +1 other reference | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] MRDS file #10102539. |
| Dr. Robert Reynolds |
| Galbraith (1947) |
| Self collected and Raman verified ... |
| Jones (1983) +1 other reference |
| Univ. AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17) +1 other reference |
| Kuhn (1951) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Galbraith (1940) +3 other references |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] MRDS database Dep. ID #10048300 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10037115 +1 other reference |
| Jones (1983) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Tony Peterson Collection | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Guild (1910) +2 other references |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Mineral Webzine | |
| Ex John Dagenais colllection +1 other reference |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Adams (2010) |
| California Division of Mines and ... |
| Housley (2002) +2 other references |
| Robert E.Walstrom Collection |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| MarekC Collection (2017) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Schaller (1911f) +3 other references |
| mineralsocal.org (2020) |
| Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361 |
| Shannon et al. (1985) |
| Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361 |
| [var: Dechenite] Eckel et al. (1997) |
| [var: Dechenite] Ref: Geology and Mining Industry of ... | |
| [var: Dechenite] Geology and Mining Industry of Leadville | |
| Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361 +1 other reference | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361 |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens. +1 other reference |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Chris Tucker | |
| Chris Tucker | |
| www.christuckerminerals.com and Chris ... | |
| Betts (n.d.) | |
| Geology and Ore Deposits of the Elkhorn ... +2 other references |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] - (2005) |
| Gibson (2018) |
| [Min Rec (1982) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) |
| Longwell et al. (1965) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| USGS PP 162] +1 other reference | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Rocks & Min.: 11:242-243. |
| Rocks & Minerals | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) | |
| USGS PP 162] +1 other reference | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Longwell et al. (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Marek Chorazewicz (2022) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
| Mineralogical Record 26:467 |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Castor et al. (2004) |
| Tony Nikischer |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] - (1976) |
| Palache (1935) +1 other reference |
| Dunn (1995) | |
| Kelley et al. (1975) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Min Rec 20:1 p60 |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ... | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ... +1 other reference | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ... | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Minerals of the Ground Hog Mine Grant ... +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 34-43 | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference | |
| Dana 6. | |
| M Massis collection +2 other references | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 34-43 | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 34-43 +1 other reference | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| NMBMGMR Open-file Report - 532 | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Jerry Cone Collection +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| 5th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1985) +1 other reference | |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] NMBMMR Bull 10 The Geology and Ore ... |
| - (2005) | |
| Henry L. Jicha (1954) +1 other reference | |
| Henry L. Jicha (1954) | |
| - (2005) |
| Min Rec 20:1 p60 +1 other reference |
| Min Rec 20:1 p59 | |
| USGS Prof Paper 700 pp6-7 | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Dana 6: 789. | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Patrick Haynes +1 other reference |
| Patrick Haynes collection. Only 1 small ... +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| NMBMMR Bull 8 The Ore Deposits of ... +1 other reference | |
| NMBMMR Bull 8 The Ore Deposits of ... | |
| Rockhounding New Mexico +2 other references | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| R&M 66:1 p56-63 |
| - (2005) | |
| Sloto (1989) |
| Rocks & Min.:9:21. |
| Sloto (1989) | |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:111. |
| Zachary Berghorst Collection +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:111. | |
| BEG Min Res Circ 71 |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| [var: Copper-bearing Descloizite] Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| In the collection of Alex Earl |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references |
Uzbekistan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| webmineral.ru (n.d.) |
Yemen | |
| Mattash et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Zambia | |
| Mineralogical Record: 11: 339. +2 other references |
| Kampunzu et al. (2009) |
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Berg Aukas Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia