Rowlandite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Rowlandite-(Y)
Formula:
(Y,Ce)4Fe2+(Si2O7)2F2 (?)
Colour:
Pale dull green, greyish white
Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy
Hardness:
5½ - 6½
Specific Gravity:
4.33 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Henry Augustus Rowland (27 November 1848, Honesdale, Pennsylvania, USA - 16 April 1901, Baltimore, Maryland, USA), Professor of Physics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, for his spectrographic work on rare-earth elements. He is also known for developing a diffraction grating that now bears his name. Originally named simply rowlandite, the suffix was added in 1987 to denote the dominant rare earth element.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3467
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3467:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e5951890-7c50-4fa1-8201-43ba2d8fdd3e
IMA Classification of Rowlandite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Fe2+Y4(Si2O7)2F2
First published:
1891
Type description reference:
Classification of Rowlandite-(Y)
9.HG.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
G : With REE, Th
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
G : With REE, Th
55.2.1b.1
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
17.1.18
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Row-Y | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Rowlandite-(Y)
Vitreous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Waxy when altered
Colour:
Pale dull green, greyish white
Comment:
alters to brick red
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ on Mohs scale
Density:
4.33 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
4.30 - metamict, 4.55 when heated to 050 for hour, 4.85 when crystalline
Optical Data of Rowlandite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.763 nγ = 1.769
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.006
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Comments:
Isotropic when metamict (n=1.704; 1.76 when heated)
Chemistry of Rowlandite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
(Y,Ce)4Fe2+(Si2O7)2F2 (?)
Crystallography of Rowlandite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.59 Å, b = 8.65 Å, c = 5.53 Å
α = 99.03°, β = 104.12°, γ = 91.47°
α = 99.03°, β = 104.12°, γ = 91.47°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.762 : 1 : 0.639
Unit Cell V:
301.24 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Small irregular masses.
Comment:
Commonly metamict.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Geological Setting:
Rare earth bearing pegmatites
Type Occurrence of Rowlandite-(Y)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Rare earth pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Hidden, W.E., Hillebrand, W.F. (1893) Description of rowlandite. American Journal of Science: 146: 208-212.
Other Language Names for Rowlandite-(Y)
German:Rowlandit-(Y)
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Rowlandite-(Y) associated with Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
1 photo of Rowlandite-(Y) associated with Lusernaite-(Y) | Y4Al(CO3)2(OH)10F · 6H2O |
1 photo of Rowlandite-(Y) associated with Yttrofluorite | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.HG.15 | Umbozerite | Na3Sr4Th[Si(O,OH)3-4]8 |
9.HG.20 | Mendeleevite-(Ce) | Cs6(Ce22Ca6)(Si70O175)(OH,F)14(H2O)21 |
9.HG.20 | Mendeleevite-(Nd) | Cs6[(Nd,REE)23Ca7](Si70O175)(OH,F)19(H2O)16 |
Other Information
Notes:
Commonly metamict
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Rowlandite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3467.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Rowlandite-(Y)
Reference List:
Frondel, C. (1961) Two yttrium minerals: spencite and rowlandite. Canadian Mineralogist: 6: 576-58l.
Localities for Rowlandite-(Y)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/RowlanditeY.PDF. (reference unsubstantiated) |
Finland | |
| Siivola |
Kazakhstan | |
Norway | |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Husdal (2019) |
Husdal (2008) | |
| Larsen (2017) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| Berg & Mineral 9 (23) |
USA | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Crook (1977) +1 other reference |
| spencite and rowlandite. The Canadian ... +2 other references |
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Hundholmen, Narvik, Nordland, Norway