Gadolinite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Gadolinite-(Y)
Johan Gadolin
Formula:
Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.
Colour:
Black, greenish-black, brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
6½ - 7
Specific Gravity:
4.36 - 4.77
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Johan Gadolin (5 June 1760, Turku, Finland - 15 August 1852, MynÀmÀki, Finland), chemist, physicist, and mineralogist. He discovered what would be the element yttrium, the first rare earth discovered. The "-(Y)" suffix was added in 1987 and is for to the predominance of yttrium as the REE in the composition.
Type Locality:
The yttrium analogue of gadolinite-(Ce) and Gadolinite-(Nd).
Difficult to distinguish from hingganite-(Y).
Difficult to distinguish from hingganite-(Y).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1628
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1628:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
c1928e53-6d45-4b70-aed3-e345d7f16b64
IMA Classification of Gadolinite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Y2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2
First published:
1788
Classification of Gadolinite-(Y)
9.AJ.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
J : Nesosilicates with BO3 triangles and/or B[4], Be[4] tetrahedra, cornersharing with SiO4
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
J : Nesosilicates with BO3 triangles and/or B[4], Be[4] tetrahedra, cornersharing with SiO4
54.2.1b.3
54 : NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates
2 : Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with B in [4] coordination
54 : NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates
2 : Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with B in [4] coordination
14.3.23
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
3 : Silicates of Be
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
3 : Silicates of Be
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Gad-Y | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Gad | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Physical Properties of Gadolinite-(Y)
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black, greenish-black, brown
Streak:
Grayish green
Hardness:
6½ - 7 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Splintery, Conchoidal
Density:
4.36 - 4.77 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.41 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gadolinite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.770 nβ = 1.790 nγ = 1.820
2V:
Measured: 85°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.050
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v distinct
Chemistry of Gadolinite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.
Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.
Crystallography of Gadolinite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.000(2) Å, b = 7.565(2) Å, c = 4.768(1) Å
β = 90.31(2)°
β = 90.31(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.322 : 1 : 0.63
Unit Cell V:
360.69 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic, massive
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000960 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Miyawaki R, Nakai I, Nagashima K (1984) A refinement of the crystal structure of gadolinite American Mineralogist 69 948-953 |  | 1984 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0004599 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Camara F, Oberti R, Ottolini L, Ventura G D, Bellatreccia F (2008) The crystal chemistry of Li in gadolinite American Mineralogist 93 996-1004 | | 2008 | Vico lake, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 |
| 0005286 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 | | 1993 | Moos, Rauris, Austria | 0 | 293 |
| 0005287 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 | | 1993 | Beura, Ossola, Italy | 0 | 293 |
| 0005288 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 | | 1993 | Val Nalps, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0005289 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 | | 1993 | "Strada", Val Vigezzo, Italy | 0 | 293 |
| 0005290 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 | | 1993 | "Bosco", Val Vigezzo, Italy | 0 | 293 |
| 0005291 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 | | 1993 | Monte Bassetta, Val Vigezzo, Italy | 0 | 293 |
| 0005292 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 | | 1993 | Glogstafelberg, Val Formazza, Italy | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.818 Ă | (100) |
| 2.816 Ă | (100) |
| 4.735 Ă | (80) |
| 2.932 Ă | (70) |
| 2.558 Ă | (60) |
| 2.539 Ă | (55) |
| 3.118 Ă | (50) |
Comments:
Synthetic. The data are from Ito and Hafner (1974).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-đ alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Geological Setting:
Granites and alkalic granitic pegmatites
Type Occurrence of Gadolinite-(Y)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Synonyms of Gadolinite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Gadolinite-(Y)
Russian:ĐĐ°ĐŽĐŸĐ»ĐžĐœĐžŃ-(Y)
Simplified Chinese:çĄ
ééçż
Swedish:Yttersten
Traditional Chinese:çœéčé瀊
Varieties of Gadolinite-(Y)
| Calciogadolinite-(Y) | A Ca-dominant gadolinite. Although Ca dominates over any individual REE, the current site dominance rules do not allow for species status because trivalent elements (mostly REE) dominate over total divalent elements (mostly Ca) on the site. |
Relationship of Gadolinite-(Y) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Calcybeborosilite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)2(â»,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2 | Mon. |
| Gadolinite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 | Mon. 2/m |
| Gadolinite-(Nd) | Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hingganite-(Ce) | (Ce,REE)2(â»,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hingganite-(Nd) | Nd2â»Be2Si2O8(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hingganite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca)2(â»,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hingganite-(Yb) | (Yb,Y,REE)2â»Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Minasgeraisite-(Y) | (Ca2Y2)â»2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y)) | (Y,Ca)2(Fe,â»)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2 | Mon. 2/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 24 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 13 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Hingganite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca)2(â»,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 |
| 13 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 12 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| 11 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 10 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 8 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Anatase | TiO2 |
| 8 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| 6 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| 5 photos of Gadolinite-(Y) associated with Yttrofluorite | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AJ. | Hingganite-(Nd) | Nd2â»Be2Si2O8(OH)2 |
| 9.AJ. | Arrheniusite-(Ce) | CaMg[(Ce7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)4(Si2B3AsO18)(BO3)F11 |
| 9.AJ.05 | Grandidierite | (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| 9.AJ.05 | Ominelite | (Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 |
| 9.AJ.10 | Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| 9.AJ.10 | Holtite | (Ta0.6â»0.4)Al6BSi3O18(O,OH)2.25 |
| 9.AJ.10 | Magnesiodumortierite | Mg(Al2OH)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| 9.AJ.10 | Nioboholtite | (Nb0.6â»0.4)Al6BSi3O18 |
| 9.AJ.10 | Titanoholtite | (Ti0.75â»0.25)Al6BSi3O18 |
| 9.AJ.15 | Garrelsite | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Muromontite | near Be2FeY2Si3O12 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| 9.AJ.20 | Gadolinite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Hingganite-(Ce) | (Ce,REE)2(â»,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Hingganite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca)2(â»,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Hingganite-(Yb) | (Yb,Y,REE)2â»Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Homilite | Ca2(Fe2+,Mg)B2Si2O10 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Melanocerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,0) |
| 9.AJ.20 | Minasgeraisite-(Y) | (Ca2Y2)â»2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Calcybeborosilite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)2(â»,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Gadolinite-(Nd) | Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2 |
| 9.AJ.20 | Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y)) | (Y,Ca)2(Fe,â»)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2 |
| 9.AJ.25 | Stillwellite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5 |
| 9.AJ.30 | Cappelenite-(Y) | Ba(Y,Ce)6Si3B6O24F2 |
| 9.AJ.35 | Okanoganite-(Y) | (Na,Ca)3(Y,Ce)12Si6B2O27F14 |
| 9.AJ.35 | Vicanite-(Ce) | (Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+0.5,Na0.5)Fe3+Si6B4O40F7 |
| 9.AJ.35 | Hundholmenite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)(CaxAs3+1-x)(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48 |
| 9.AJ.35 | Proshchenkoite-(Y) | Ca(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe2+(P,Si)Si6B3O34F14 |
| 9.AJ.35 | Laptevite-(Ce) | Ca6(Fe2+,Mn2+)Y3REE7(SiO4)3(PO4)(B3Si3O18)(BO3)F11 |
| 9.AJ.40 | Jadarite | LiNaSiB3O7(OH) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Gadolinite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1628.html
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References for Gadolinite-(Y)
Reference List:
Klaproth, M. H. (1802) Chemische Untersuchung des Gadolinits. In BeitrÀge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper Vol. 3. Rottmann, Berlin. p.52-79.
Ito, J., Hafner, S.S. (1974) Synthesis and study of gadolinites. American Mineralogist, 59, 700-708.
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Holtstam, D., Andersson, U. B. (2007) The REE minerals of the BastnÀs-type deposits, South-Central Sweden. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45 (5) 1073-1114 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.5.1073
Localities for Gadolinite-(Y)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Iveland, Agder, Norway