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Galenobismutite

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Ödenkar, Kreuzkogel massif, Naßfeld valley, Gastein valley, Hohe Tauern Mts, Salzburg, Austria
© Antonio Borrelli

Show Galenobismutite Photos (11)
Formula:
PbBi
 
2
S
 
4
System:OrthorhombicColour:Lead-gray, gray, light ...
Hardness:2½ - 3
Name:Named after its chemical composition.
This page provides mineralogical data about Galenobismutite.

Classification of Galenobismutite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered" 1990
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/E.34-05
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.JC.25e

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
C : Galena derivatives, with Tl
Dana 7th edition ID:3.7.9.1
Dana 8th edition ID:3.7.9.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
Hey's CIM Ref.:5.6.23

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
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Type Occurrence of Galenobismutite

Type Locality:Ko Mine, Nordmark, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden

Physical Properties of Galenobismutite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Lead-gray, gray, light gray, tin-white
Streak:Gray-black
Hardness (Mohs):2½ - 3
Tenacity:Elastic
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Good on the {110}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):6.9 - 7.1 g/cm3
Density (calculated):7.27 g/cm3

Crystallography of Galenobismutite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 11.65Å, b = 14.49Å, c = 4.08Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.804 : 1 : 0.282
Unit Cell Volume:V 688.74 ų
Z:4
Morphology:Lathlike, elongated [001] and flattened {100}; needles [001]; striated [001]. Extremely thin plates at times {100}. Crystals frequently bent or twisted. Massive, columnar to fibrous, or compact.

Optical Data of Galenobismutite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Strong
Colour in reflected light:White

Chemical Properties of Galenobismutite

Formula:
PbBi
 
2
S
 
4
Essential elements:Bi, Pb, S
All elements listed in formula:Bi, Pb, S

Relationship of Galenobismutite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.JC.05Ellisite
Tl
 
3
AsS
 
3
2.JC.10Gillulyite
Tl
 
2
(As,Sb)
 
8
S
 
13
2.JC.40aNakaseite
CuAg
 
3
Pb
 
4
Sb
 
12
S
 
24
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
5.6.1Sartorite
PbAs
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.2Dufrénoysite
Pb
 
2
As
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.3Liveingite
Pb
 
9
As
 
13
S
 
28
5.6.4Baumhauerite
Pb
 
3
As
 
4
S
 
9
5.6.5Gratonite
Pb
 
9
As
 
4
S
 
15
5.6.6Jordanite
Pb
 
14
(As,Sb)
 
6
S
 
23
5.6.7Fülöppite
Pb
 
3
Sb
 
8
S
 
15
5.6.8Zinkenite
Pb
 
9
Sb
 
22
S
 
42
5.6.9Plagionite
Pb
 
5
Sb
 
8
S
 
17
5.6.10Heteromorphite
Pb
 
7
Sb
 
8
S
 
19
5.6.11Launayite
Pb
 
22
Sb
 
26
S
 
61
5.6.12Playfairite
Pb
 
16
Sb
 
18
S
 
43
5.6.13Semseyite
Pb
 
9
Sb
 
8
S
 
21
5.6.14Madocite
Pb
 
17
Sb
 
16
S
 
41
5.6.15Boulangerite
Pb
 
5
Sb
 
4
S
 
11
5.6.17Robinsonite
Pb
 
4
Sb
 
6
S
 
13
5.6.18Guettardite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.19Twinnite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.20Veenite
Pb
 
2
(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.21Sorbyite
Pb
 
19
(Sb,As)
 
20
S
 
49
5.6.22Geocronite
Pb
 
14
(Sb,As)
 
6
S
 
23
5.6.24Cosalite
Pb
 
2
Bi
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.25Cannizzarite
Pb
 
4
Bi
 
6
S
 
13
5.6.26Lillianite
Pb
 
3
Bi
 
2
S
 
6
5.6.27Giessenite
Pb
 
27
Cu
 
2
(Bi,Sb)
 
19
S
 
57
5.6.28 Platynite
5.6.29Xilingolite
Pb
 
3
Bi
 
2
S
 
6
5.6.30Weibullite
Pb
 
5
Bi
 
8
Se
 
7
S
 
11
5.6.31Wittite
Pb
 
9
Bi
 
12
(S,Se)
 
27
5.6.32Kirkiite
Pb
 
10
Bi
 
3
As
 
3
S
 
19
5.6.33Ustarasite
Pb(Bi,Sb)
 
6
S
 
10
 (?)
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
3.7.9.3Berthierite
FeSb
 
2
S
 
4

Other Names for Galenobismutite

Synonyms:
BismutoplagioniteGalenobismuthite
Other Languages:
German:Galenobismuthit
Galenobismutit
Russian:Галенобисмутит
Spanish:Galenobismuthita
Galenobismutita
Varieties:
Argentiferous Galenobismutite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Galenobismutite

Reference List:Sjögren (1878), Geol. För. Förh.: 4: 109.

Groth (1882): 25 (as Bleiwismuthglanz)

Shannon (1920), American Journal of Science: 49: 106.

Shannon (1920), U.S. National Museum Proceedings: 58: 589.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 471-473.

Wickman, F.E. (1951) The crystal structure of galenobismutite, PbBi2S4. Arkiv Mineral.: 1(9): 219.

Iitaka, Y. and Nowacki, W. (1962) A redetermination of the crystal structure of galenobismutite, PbBi2S4. Acta Crystallographica: 15: 691-698.

Pinto, D. (2005): Mineralogy, crystal-chemistry and structures of sulfosalts from Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): Ag-free lillianite, Cl-bearing galenobismutite, kirkiite and the new mineral vurroite. Plinius, 31, 197-202.

Pinto, Daniela, Tonèi Balić-Žunić, Anna Garavelli, Emil Makovicky, Filippo Vurro (2006), Comparative crystal-structure study of Ag-free lillianite and galenobismutite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy: Canadian Mineralogist: 44(1): 159-175.

Internet Links for Galenobismutite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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    Localities for Galenobismutite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Clarke Co.
        • Rockvale
    		McClatchie & Sylvester (1970)
      • Gough Co.
    		Lawrence, L.J. & Markham, N.L. (1962) - A contribution to the study of the molybdenite pipes of Kingsgate, NSW, with special reference to ore mineralogy. - Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 203, 67-94.
    • Tasmania
      • Moina District (Middlesex District)
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Goldberg group
          • Innerfragant
            • Wurten
              • Alteck Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
        • Malta valley
          • Kölnbrein peak - Lausnock Mt. area
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Felben valley
          • Scheelite deposit
    		Eur. J. Mineral., 13:961-972.
        • Gastein valley
          • Naßfeld valley
            • Kreuzkogel massif
    		O Dziallas collection
              • Radhausberg
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
        • Hollersbach valley
          • Scharnbachgraben
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2008): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVII. Carinthia II, 198./118., 223-274.
        • Untersulzbach valley
          • Ascham Alp - Breitfuß Mt. - Sonntagskopf Mt. area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Sud Chichas Province
        • San Vicente District
    		Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental, Bolivia (USGS Bulletin no. 1975)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Plovdiv Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Laki (Luki)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Cariboo Mining Division
        • Wells
    		Dana 7:I:446,472; Canada Geological Survey Bulletin 280, p. 281
    • Manitoba
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Y. Moëlo et al. : "Homologues de la lillianite (gustavite, vikingite, heyrovskyite riche en Ag et Bi, ...) de l'indice à W-As-(Pb, Bi, Ag) de la Roche-Balue (Loire-Atlantique, France)", Bull. Minéral., 1987, 110, pp 43-64.
    • New Brunswick
      • Charlotte Co.
        • southwest of Fredericton
    • Ontario
      • Timiskaming District
        • Gowganda
        • McElroy Township
    China
     
    • Hebei Province
      • Zhangjiakou Prefecture
        • Zhangbei Co.
    		Zhaoshan Chang, White, N.C., Crowe, R.W.A., Woodhouse, W., and Wilson, N. (2007): Symposium on Circum-Pacific Tectonics, Geologic Evolution, and Ore Deposits, Tucson (AZ), September 24-30, 2007.
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Yizhang Co.
    		Ottens, B., and Cook, R.B. (2005): Rocks & Minerals 80(1), 46-57.; Martin Jensen (2009) "Mineralogy of the Yaogangxian Mine, Hunan Province, China", Mineral News, 25, #4, 1-11 & 14.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Yudu Co.
    		[var: Argentiferous Galenobismutite] Wu, C.Y., Bai, G., and Xu, L.M. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 28(4), 223-239.
    • Jilin Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Yanbian Chaoxianzu Autonomous Prefecture
        • Hunchun Co.
    		Chil-Sup So, Bai-Lu Jin, Seong-Taek Yun, Chul-Ho Heo, and Seung-Jun Youm (2002): Economic and Environmental Geology 35(3), 211-220.
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Qamdo (Changdu) Prefecture
        • Jomdo (Jiangda) Co.
    		[AmMin 85:264]
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Kezilesu (Kizilsu; Qizilsu) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Wuqia (Ulugqat; Ulughchat) Co.
    		Jiajun Liu, Minghua Zheng, Cook, N.J., Xunrong Long, Jun Deng, and Yusheng Zhai (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 125-156.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Bruche valley (Breuch valley)
          • Schirmeck
            • Framont - Grandfontaine area
              • Framont
    		A. Wittern, J.-R. Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		P. Picot, Z. Johan : "Atlas of Ore Minerals", BRGM, Elsevier, 1982
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Saint-Julien-le-Petit
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Haute-Savoie
        • Chamonix
          • Mt Blanc Massif
    		Cuchet, S., Schnyder, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Les minéraux de L'A Neuve. Schweizer Strahler / Le Cristallier Suisse, Nr. 3, 28-37.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Böckelsbach valley
    		Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
            • Burgfelsen
    		No reference listed
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Waldkirchen
            • Röhrnbach
    		Habel, M. (2009): Der Granodioritbruch der Fa. Josef Uhrmann OHG, Steinerleinbach bei Röhrnbach. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 66-86.
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Goslar
          • Rammelsberg
    		No reference listed
        • St Andreasberg District
    		No reference listed
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Freiberg District
          • Großschirma
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Rudabányai Mts.
        • Rudabánya
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    • Pest Co.
      • Börzsöny Mts.
        • Nagybörzsöny
    Iran
     
    • Esfahan Province (Isfahan Province; Aspadana Province)
    		http://www.min-eng.com/protected/app03ex/muteh.doc
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Vigezzo Valley
            • Druogno
              • Antoliva Valley
                • Campra
    		Vanini, F. , Meisser, N., Bonacina, E. (2008): Galenobismutite e ferritungstite in Val Vigezzo. Micro (notizie mineralogiche), 1/2008, 121-122.
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Arbus
    		Venerandi Pirri, I. (1993): Metal and more parageneses occurring in the Paleozoic basement of Sardinia (Italy): a proposed genetic frame based on critical review of literature and new microscopic investigations. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 112, 701-713. Preite, D., & Zuanel, A. (2007). Montevecchio: storia, miniere e minerali. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (4), 230-246.
    • Sicily
      • Messina Province
        • Lipari
          • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
            • Vulcano Island
    		PINTO D., BALIĆ-ŽUNIĆ T., BONACCORSI E., BORODAEV Y.S., GARAVELLI A., GARBARINO C., MAKOVICKY E., MOZGOVA N.N.,VURRO F. (2006): Rare sulfosalts from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. VI. Cl bearing galenobismutite. - Canadian Mineralogist - 44, 443-457.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Tochigi Prefecture
    		Shimizu et al (1999) Memoirs of Tochigi Prefectural Museum, 16, 89-101.
    Mexico
     
    • Guanajuato
      • Mun. de Guanajuato
        • Sierra de Santa Rosa
          • Rancho Calvillo
    		Panczner(1987):115-292.
    • Hidalgo
      • Mun. de Zimapán
    		González-Partida. E., Carrillo-Chávez, A., Levresse, G., Tritlla, J., Camprubí, A., 2003. Genetic implications of fluid inclusions in skarn chimney ore, Las Animas Zn-Pb-Ag-(F) deposit, Zimapán, Mexico. Ore Geology Reviews, v. 23, p. 91-96.
    Mongolia
     
    • Töv Aimag
      • Mörön Suma
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Modum
        • Åmot
    		Pedersen, F. (1976), unpubl. master tesis; Ihlen and Vokes (1978), p. 131; Neumann (1985), p. 48.
    • Nordland
      • Ballangen
    		Oftedal (1940, p. 61); Neumann (1985, p. 48).
    • Telemark
      • Hjartdal
    		Bugge (1935, p. 795); Neumann (1985, p. 47).
      • Seljord
        • Svartdal
          • Bleka
    		Bugge (1935, p. 794 ff); Neumann (1985, pp. 6 and 47).
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
        • Czarnów
          • Rędziny
    		Gołębiowska B., Pieczka A., Parafiniuk J. 2006: Cu(Ag)-Pb-Bi(Sb) sulphosalts from Rędziny (Western Sudetes, Poland). Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 78-80
    Portugal
     
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Ponte de Lima
        • Estorãos
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Bodaibo
            • Lena Gold District
              • Kropotkinsky ore cluster
    		http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
          • Aldan
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche)
          • Nikolaevskoe Pb-Zn-Ag deposit
    		Min Rec vol 32, pp 7-30 (2001); Rogulina, L.I., and Sveshnikova, O.L. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(1), 60-74.
        • Vostok
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • North Ossetia Republic
        • Sadon ore district
    		Groznova, E.O., Dobrovol’skaya, M.G., Kovalenker, V.A., Davydov, K.V., Bitarov, V.T., and Razin, M.V. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(2), 108-133.
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast')
        • Altai Mts
    		Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Southern Low Tatra Mts
    		Pršek J.,2004: Štruktúra a kryštálochémia sulfosolí zo sulfidických mineralizácii Západnych Karpát (Kandid. Diz.práca).Archív Katedry miner. a petrografie Prírodoved. Fak. UK,Bratislava, 135 s.
        • Brezno
    		Pršek J.,2004: Štruktžúra a kryštalochémia sulfosolí zo sulfidických mineralizácií Západných Karpát (Kandid. dizert. práca),Manuskript, archív Kated. miner. a petrológie PFUK Bratislava, 135 p.; - Pršek, J., Ozdín, D. & Sejkora, J. (2008): Eclarite and associated Bi sulfosalts from the Brezno-Hviezda occurrence (Nízke Tatry Mts, Slovak Republic). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 185, 117-130.
      • Štiavnica Mts
        • Banská Štiavnica Mining District
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
        • Medzev
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
        • Smolnik Mining District
          • Smolnícka Huta
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
      • Zemplínske Mts
    		Kaličiak, M., Ďuďa, R., 1996: Geolgický vývoj, stavba a metalogenéza neovulkanitov na Východnom Slovensku. Manuskript, Archív Geofond, Bratislava, 83p
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Mokopane (Potgietersrus) District
        • Zaaiplaats tin field
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Pilgrim's Rest District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Angseong-myeon
          • Neungam-ri (Neung Am-ri; Noungam-ri)
    		Bernard and Hyrsl (2004); Minerals and Their Localities
    • Gangwon-do (Kangwon-do; Gang'weondo)
      • Yeonwha
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 13 (1986) , No. 2 pp 65-74
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Falun
    		No reference listed
        • Svärdsjö
          • Svartvik Mines
    		No reference listed
    • Småland
      • Västervik
    		Arkiv Kemi, Min.Geol.(1924) 9/8, 17
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Nordmark
    		GFF (1878) 4, 109
    • Västerbotten
      • Boliden
    		Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Forno Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 178.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 178.
      • Binn Valley
        • Saflisch Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 178.
      • Lötschen valley
        • Lonza Valley
          • Mittal
    		Schweizer strahler, 4/2001 p19-23
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 178.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Porthleven
    		No reference listed
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		http://www.minerals.f9.co.uk/minloc/meldon/meldon.htm
      • Somerset
        • Brendon Hills
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Scotland
      • Central Region (Perthshire)
        • Meal nan Oighreag
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Wales
      • Isle of Anglesey (Gwynedd; Anglesey)
        • Amlwch
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Geneva District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Lake Co.
        • Leadville District
          • Iron Hill
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
          • Leadville
            • Iron Hill
    		Min. Rec.:16(3):171-201
      • San Juan Co.
        • Silverton District
          • Poughkeepsie Gulch
    		Dana 7:I:446, 476; Dana 6:114, 1091; Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Mon.:555-576 (1992).
      • Summit Co.
        • Montezuma Area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Connecticut
      • New Haven Co.
        • Seymour
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State
    • Idaho
      • Boise Co.
    		USGS Prof Paper 610 "Principal Gold Producing Districts of the United States"
        • Quartzburg District
    		Dana 7:I:472.
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    • Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Prospect Ridge
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Ruby Hill
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Tem Piute District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Doña Ana Co.
        • Organ District
    		Don Saathoff specimen (Now in Jeremy Zolan collection) Microanalyzed
    Don Saathoff collection
      • Luna Co.
    		http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/staff/dunbar/abstract/dm99.html.
    • Virginia
      • Rockbridge Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
        • Northern Section-Blue Ridge Province
          • Montebello
    		Rocks & Min.:60:168.
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Gold Hill District
          • Tungsten Creek
    		```Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; M. Huntting, 1956; Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975; Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; R. Derkey, N. Joseph, R. Lasmanis, 1990
      • Stevens Co.
        • Deer Trail & Cedar Canyon Districts
          • Adams Mountain
    		 Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon 1975
          • Turtle Lake
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
    Mineral and/or Locality
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