Galenobismutite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Galenobismutite
Formula:
PbBi2S4
Colour:
Lead-gray, gray, light gray, tin-white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3½
Specific Gravity:
6.9 - 7.1
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after its chemical composition.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1642
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1642:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
92c2e59b-3202-4e06-b6c4-74868741b2fe
IMA Classification of Galenobismutite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1878
Classification of Galenobismutite
2.JC.25e
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
C : Galena derivatives, with Tl
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
C : Galena derivatives, with Tl
Dana 7th ed.:
3.7.9.1
3.7.9.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
5.6.23
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Gbit | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Gab | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Galenobismutite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead-gray, gray, light gray, tin-white
Comment:
May tarnish yellow, blue, or iridescent
Streak:
Gray-black
Hardness:
2½ - 3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=142 - 194 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on the {110}
Good on the {110}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.9 - 7.1 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.195 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Galenobismutite
Anisotropism:
Strong
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 48.0% | 51.1% |
| 440nm | 47.8% | 51.1% |
| 480nm | 47.5% | 50.8% |
| 520nm | 46.6% | 49.8% |
| 560nm | 45.3% | 48.2% |
| 600nm | 44.6% | 47.2% |
| 640nm | 44.4% | 46.7% |
| 680nm | 44.5% | 46.8% |
| 700nm | 44.7% | 47.1% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 51.1%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Chemistry of Galenobismutite
Mindat Formula:
PbBi2S4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Galenobismutite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.65 Å, b = 14.49 Å, c = 4.08 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.804 : 1 : 0.282
Unit Cell V:
688.74 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Lathlike, elongated [001] and flattened {100}; needles [001]; striated [001]. Extremely thin plates at times {100}. Crystals frequently bent or twisted. Massive, columnar to fibrous, or compact.
Comment:
Space group Pnam (non-standard setting).
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006073 | Galenobismutite | Pinto D, Balic-Zunic T, Garavelli A, Makovicky E, Vurro F (2006) Comparative crystal-structure study of Ag-free lillianite and galenobismutite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy The Canadian Mineralogist 44 159-175 |  | 2006 | Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy | 0 | 293 |
| 0006326 | Galenobismutite | Topa D, Makovicky E, Putz H (2010) The crystal structure of angelaite, Cu2AgPbBiS4 The Canadian Mineralogist 48 145-153 | 2010 | Angela mine, Los Manantiales district, Chubut province, Argentina | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009086 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 0.0001 | 293 | |
| 0009087 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 0.16 | 293 | |
| 0009088 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 0.6 | 293 | |
| 0009089 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 1.39 | 293 | |
| 0009090 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 2.97 | 293 | |
| 0009091 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 4.15 | 293 | |
| 0009092 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 4.78 | 293 | |
| 0009093 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 6.06 | 293 | |
| 0009094 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 8.65 | 293 | |
| 0009095 | Galenobismutite | Olsen L A, Balic-Zunic T, Makovicky E, Ullrich A, Miletich R (2007) Hydrostatic compression of galenobismutite (PbBi2S4): elastic properties and high-pressure crystal chemistry Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 467-475 | 2007 | synthetic | 8.92 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.65 Å | (30) |
| 3.45 Å | (100) |
| 3.03 Å | (40) |
| 2.76 Å | (30) |
| 2.46 Å | (40) |
| 2.05 Å | (40) |
| 1.961 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45) | |
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal veins
Type Occurrence of Galenobismutite
Reference:
Sjögren, H. (1878) Om några vismutmineralier från Nordmarks grufvor i Vermland I. Gedigen vismut. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar: 4: 106-111 (109).
Synonyms of Galenobismutite
Other Language Names for Galenobismutite
Varieties of Galenobismutite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 27 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| 19 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 5 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 4 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 3 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 3 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Helvine | Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
| 3 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 3 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 3 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Bismuth | Bi |
| 3 photos of Galenobismutite associated with Kobellite | Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.JC.05 | Ellisite | Tl3AsS3 |
| 2.JC.10 | Gillulyite | Tl2As7.5Sb0.3S13 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Galenobismutite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1642.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Galenobismutite
Reference List:
Sjögren, Hj. (1878) Om några vismutmineralier från Nordmarks grufvor i Vermland. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 4 (4) 106-111 doi:10.1080/11035897809448179
Pinto, D., Balic-Zunic, T., Garavelli, A., Makovicky, E., Vurro, F. (2006) Comparative crystal-structure study of Ag-free lillianite and galenobismutite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (1) 159-175 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.1.159
Localities for Galenobismutite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Biglia et al. (2016) |
| DE BRODTKORB |
Australia | |
| McClatchie & Sylvester (1970) |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Somarin (2009) |
| Rankin et al. (2002) |
| Lawrence et al. (1962) +1 other reference | |
| Clissold (2007) | |
| Clissold (2007) +1 other reference | |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Collins et al. (2004) |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Walter et al. (2005) | |
| Paar et al. (1998) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| NIEDERMAYR et al. (2005) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Oliver Dziallas collection +2 other references | |
| Putz (2011) |
| Niedermayr (2008) |
| Steiner&Melcher (2020) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Topa et al. (2001) +2 other references | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kolitsch (2012) | |
| Kolitsch (2013) |
Bolivia | |
| Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975) |
Bulgaria | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Birch et al. (1985) |
| Dobrev |
| Dobrev | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Dana 7:I:446 +1 other reference |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Y. Moëlo et al. : "Homologues de la lillianite (gustavite, vikingite, heyrovskyite riche en Ag et Bi, ...) |
| Parrish (1977) +1 other reference |
| New Brunswick Mineral Occurrence Database (accessed 11/14/2022) |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| 159-161. +2 other references |
| Petruk (1971) |
| Traill (1983) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
China | |
| Yunsheng Ren et al. (2005) |
| Huan Hu et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Junwu Lu and Yuanfa Xia (2001) |
| Xinhui Liu et al. (2010) |
| He et al. (2021) |
| Zhenru Zhang et al. (1987) |
| Wenfeng Zhu et al. (2009) |
| Xiao et al. (2022) |
| Mineral Deposits 4 (1) |
| Yi Li and Lairen Lai (1993) |
| Bin Shu et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Dianhao Huang et al. (1991) |
| Yanjing Chen et al. (2009) |
| Shimou Chen et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| Yirang Chen (1981) +3 other references |
| Bingjian Xiao (2000) |
| Zhitian Wang et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Fengjun Nie et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Yingchen Ren et al. (1986) +2 other references |
| Zhenru Zhang et al. (1987) |
| Junfeng Shi (1998) +1 other reference |
| Yingfeng Ao et al. (2002) |
| Yushan Zhao et al. (1994) |
| Wu et al. (2022) |
| Guangfu Zou et al. (2008) |
| Zhixing Feng et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist 85 +1 other reference |
| Jiajun Liu et al. (2007) |
| Xinzhi Zhan et al. (1995) |
| Zhou et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
France | |
| Boisson et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| A. Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| P. Picot |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| |
| Habel (2009) |
| SEM-EDS and Raman Spectroscopy by Joy ... |
| |
| Sáez et al. (2011) |
| Witzke et al. (2013) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2010, April) +1 other reference |
| Christos L. Stergiou et al. (2022) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya |
| Szakáll et al. (2014) |
| |
India | |
| Tripathi et al. (2022) |
Indonesia | |
| Symonds (1993) |
Iran | |
| www.min-eng.com (2004) |
| Mousavi Motlagh et al. (2024) |
Italy | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2021) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2021) | |
| Vanini et al. (2008) |
| Stara et al. (1999) |
| Gamboni et al. (2011) |
| Venerandi Pirri (1993) |
| Pinto et al. (2006) |
| SEM/EDX by Dario cericola |
| Paolo Gasparetto et al. (2014) |
| Fabio Tosato +3 other references |
| Biagioni et al. (2013) |
| Dini A. et al. (2013) | |
| Dini A. et al. (2013) | |
Japan | |
| Shimizu et al (1999) |
| Izumino et al. (2014) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kovalev et al. (2018) |
| Mozgova et al. (1994) |
| Evseev (1995) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
Kosovo | |
| Mederski et al. (2021) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Baocheng Fan et al. (2014) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| González-Partida. E. et al. (F) |
| González-Partida et al. (2003) | |
Mongolia | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Morocco | |
| Ilmen et al. (2024) |
North Macedonia | |
| Serafimovski et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Serafimovski et al. (2016) | |
Norway | |
| Pedersen (1976) |
| Oftedahl (1941) +1 other reference |
| Dons (1963) |
| Bugge (1935) +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| PMPB Meulenbeld collection |
Poland | |
| Gołębiowska B. et al. (Ag) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Kucha H. & Mochnacka K. 1986: ... |
Portugal | |
| Gaspar (2002) |
| Leal Gomes et al. (2009) |
| |
| Leal Gomes | |
Romania | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2006) |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2000) |
| Szakáll (2002) | |
Russia | |
| Mozgova et al. (1994) |
| Potseluev et al. (2006) |
| Igor Savin's data |
| Bortnikov et al. (2004) |
| www.igem.ru (2001) +1 other reference |
| Volkov et al. (2013) |
| Savva et al. (2022) |
| Groznova et al (2005) +1 other reference |
| Grant et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Simanenko (2007) | |
| Simanenko (2007) |
| |
| Kazachenko et al. (2021) |
| |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| [World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Kondratieva et al. (2021) |
| Pekov (1998) | |
| Vikent'eva et al. (2016, April) |
| Tauson et al. (2017) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Timofeeva et al. (1975) +1 other reference |
| Lyubimtseva et al. (2018) |
Serbia | |
| Pačevski et al. (2018) |
Slovakia | |
| Pršek J. (Kandid. Diz.práca) |
| Pršek et al. (2008) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Antal B. (1991) |
| Kaličiak |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
South Korea | |
| Bernard and Hyrsl (2004) +1 other reference |
| IMAI et al. (1986) |
| IMAI et al. (1986) | |
Spain | |
| Mateo +4 other references |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf (2013) |
Sweden | |
| Lasskogen (2010) |
| |
| Arkiv Kemi (1924) |
| Damman et al. (1990) |
| Sjögren (1878) |
| Sandström et al. (2009) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2014) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Schweizer strahler +1 other reference |
Tajikistan | |
| Ятимов et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Badalov et al. (1975) +1 other reference |
| Turlychkin et al. (1972) | |
| Lur'ye et al. (1971) | |
UK | |
| www.minerals.f9.co.uk (2002) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Livingstone et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| |
USA | |
| Walsh et al. (1991) |
| Pemberton (1983) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 137. +2 other references | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Mineralogical Record:16 (3) | |
| Ramdohr (1969) |
| Dana 7:I:446 +2 other references |
| Foord et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Koschmann et al. (1968) |
| Dana 7th edition volume 1 page 472. +1 other reference |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Dan Fountain collection |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Schilling (1979) | |
| Foor et al. (1988) |
| Don Saathoff specimen (Now in Jeremy Zolan collection) |
| Don Saathoff collection | |
| Michael C Michayluk Collection | |
| geoinfo.nmt.edu (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Rocks & Min.:60:168. |
| R. Derkey +4 other references |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout GalenobismutiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesVarietiesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy