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Galenobismutite

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Big Photo

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands), Messina Province, Sicily, Italy
© Elmar Lackner 2009

Show Galenobismutite Photos (26)



Formula:
PbBi
 
2
S
 
4
System:OrthorhombicColour:Lead-gray, gray, light ...
Hardness:2½ - 3½
Name:Named after its chemical composition.


Related to ángelaite.

Classification of Galenobismutite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered" 1990
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/E.34-05
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.JC.25e

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
C : Galena derivatives, with Tl
Dana 7th edition ID:3.7.9.1
Dana 8th edition ID:3.7.9.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
Hey's CIM Ref.:5.6.23

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
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Type Occurrence of Galenobismutite

Type Locality:Kogruvan, Nordmark (Nordmarksberg), Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden

Occurrences of Galenobismutite

Geological Setting:Hydrothermal veins

Physical Properties of Galenobismutite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Lead-gray, gray, light gray, tin-white
Comment:May tarnish yellow or iridescent
Streak:Gray-black
Hardness (Mohs):2½ - 3½
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=142 - 194 kg/mm2
Tenacity:Flexible
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Good on the {110}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):6.9 - 7.1 g/cm3
Density (calculated):7.195 g/cm3

Crystallography of Galenobismutite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 11.65Å, b = 14.49Å, c = 4.08Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.804 : 1 : 0.282
Unit Cell Volume:V 688.74 ų
Z:4
Morphology:Lathlike, elongated [001] and flattened {100}; needles [001]; striated [001]. Extremely thin plates at times {100}. Crystals frequently bent or twisted. Massive, columnar to fibrous, or compact.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.65 (3)
3.45 (10)
3.03 (4)
2.76 (3)
2.46 (4)
2.05 (4)
1.961 (5)

Optical Data of Galenobismutite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Strong
Colour in reflected light:White

Chemical Properties of Galenobismutite

Formula:
PbBi
 
2
S
 
4
Essential elements:Bi, Pb, S
All elements listed in formula:Bi, Pb, S

Relationship of Galenobismutite to other Species

Common Associates:
QuartzPyriteGoldGalenaCosalite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.JC.05Ellisite
Tl
 
3
AsS
 
3
2.JC.10Gillulyite
Tl
 
2
(As,Sb)
 
8
S
 
13
2.JC.40aNakaseite
CuAg
 
3
Pb
 
4
Sb
 
12
S
 
24
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
5.6.1Sartorite
PbAs
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.2Dufrénoysite
Pb
 
2
As
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.3Liveingite
Pb
 
9
As
 
13
S
 
28
5.6.4Baumhauerite
Pb
 
12
As
 
16
S
 
36
5.6.5Gratonite
Pb
 
9
As
 
4
S
 
15
5.6.6Jordanite
Pb
 
14
(As,Sb)
 
6
S
 
23
5.6.7Fülöppite
Pb
 
3
Sb
 
8
S
 
15
5.6.8Zinkenite
Pb
 
9
Sb
 
22
S
 
42
5.6.9Plagionite
Pb
 
5
Sb
 
8
S
 
17
5.6.10Heteromorphite
Pb
 
7
Sb
 
8
S
 
19
5.6.11Launayite
Pb
 
22
Sb
 
26
S
 
61
5.6.12Playfairite
Pb
 
16
Sb
 
18
S
 
43
5.6.13Semseyite
Pb
 
9
Sb
 
8
S
 
21
5.6.14Madocite
Pb
 
17
Sb
 
16
S
 
41
5.6.15Boulangerite
Pb
 
5
Sb
 
4
S
 
11
5.6.17Robinsonite
Pb
 
4
Sb
 
6
S
 
13
5.6.18Guettardite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.19Twinnite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.20Veenite
Pb
 
2
(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.21Sorbyite
CuPb
 
9
(Sb,As)
 
11
S
 
26
5.6.22Geocronite
Pb
 
14
(Sb,As)
 
6
S
 
23
5.6.24Cosalite
Pb
 
2
Bi
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.25Cannizzarite
Pb
 
4
Bi
 
6
S
 
13
5.6.26Lillianite
Pb
 
3-2x
Ag
 
x
Bi
 
2+x
S
 
6
5.6.27Giessenite
Pb
 
27
Cu
 
2
(Bi,Sb)
 
19
S
 
57
5.6.28Platynite
5.6.29Xilingolite
Pb
 
3
Bi
 
2
S
 
6
5.6.30Weibullite
Pb
 
5
Bi
 
8
Se
 
7
S
 
11
5.6.31Wittite
Pb
 
9
Bi
 
12
(S,Se)
 
27
5.6.32Kirkiite
Pb
 
10
Bi
 
3
As
 
3
S
 
19
5.6.33Ustarasite
Pb(Bi,Sb)
 
6
S
 
10
 (?)
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
3.7.9.3Berthierite
FeSb
 
2
S
 
4

Other Names for Galenobismutite

Synonyms:
BismutoplagioniteGalenobismuthite
Other Languages:
German:Galenobismuthit
Galenobismutit
Russian:Галенобисмутит
Simplified Chinese:辉铅铋矿
Spanish:Galenobismuthita
Galenobismutita
Varieties:
Argentiferous Galenobismutite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Galenobismutite

Reference List:

- +
Sjögren (1878), Geol. För. Förh.: 4: 109.

Groth (1882): 25 (as Bleiwismuthglanz)

Shannon (1920), American Journal of Science: 49: 106.

Shannon (1920), U.S. National Museum Proceedings: 58: 589.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 471-473.

Wickman, F.E. (1951) The crystal structure of galenobismutite, PbBi2S4. Arkiv Mineral.: 1(9): 219.

Iitaka, Y. and Nowacki, W. (1962) A redetermination of the crystal structure of galenobismutite, PbBi2S4. Acta Crystallographica: 15: 691-698.

Pinto, D. (2005): Mineralogy, crystal-chemistry and structures of sulfosalts from Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): Ag-free lillianite, Cl-bearing galenobismutite, kirkiite and the new mineral vurroite. Plinius, 31, 197-202.

Pinto, Daniela, Tonèi Balić-Žunić, Anna Garavelli, Emil Makovicky, Filippo Vurro (2006), Comparative crystal-structure study of Ag-free lillianite and galenobismutite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy: Canadian Mineralogist: 44(1): 159-175.

Internet Links for Galenobismutite

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  • Galenobismutite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Galenobismutite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Mendoza
    		DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Clarke Co.
        • Rockvale
    		McClatchie & Sylvester (1970)
      • Clive Co.
        • Torrington
    		Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
      • Gough Co.
        • Dundee
    		Somarin, A. K. (2009): Ore mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Glen Eden Mo-W-Sn greisen-breccia system, eastern Australia. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 104, 339-355.
    Lawrence, L.J. & Markham, N.L. (1962) - A contribution to the study of the molybdenite pipes of Kingsgate, NSW, with special reference to ore mineralogy. - Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 203, 67-94.
    Clissold, M. E., Leverett, P., Sharpe, J. L. & Williams, P. A. (2008): Primary bismuth minerals from the Wolfram pipe, Kingsgate, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 19-25.
    • Tasmania
      • Moina District (Middlesex District)
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Goldberg group
          • Innerfragant
            • Wurten
              • Alteck
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Bergbau in Westkärnten
    Walter, F. & Ettinger, K. (2005): 1406) Galenobismutit, Sphalerit, Pentlandit und Cosalit von der Feldseescharte, Wurten. Pp. 290-291 in: NIEDERMAYR, G., C. AUER, F. BERNHARD, H.-P. BOJAR, F. BRANDSTÄTTER, A. ERTL, K. ETTINGER, V. M. F. HAMMER, B. LEIKAUF, W. POSTL, M. SABOR, R. SCHUSTER, R. SEEMANN & F. WALTER (2005): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LIV. – Carinthia II, 195./115.: 277-315.
    Paar, W.H., and Niedermayr, G. (1998): Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft 143, 425-435.
        • Malta valley
          • Kölnbreinspitze - Lausnock area
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Pichler, A. (2009): Bergbau in Westkärnten. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der noch sichtbaren Merkmale der historischen Bergbaue in Westkärnten. - Carinthia II, 63. Sh., 416 S., Klagenfurt
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Senftenberg
    		NIEDERMAYR, G., C. AUER, F. BERNHARD, H.-P. BOJAR, F. BRANDSTÄTTER, A. ERTL, K. ETTINGER, V. M. F. HAMMER, B. LEIKAUF, W. POSTL, M. SABOR, R. SCHUSTER, R. SEEMANN & F. WALTER (2005): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LIV. – Carinthia II, 195./115.: 277-315.
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Felben valley
          • Scheelite deposit
    		Eur. J. Mineral., 13:961-972.; Kolitsch, U. (2009): 1585) Gustavit und andere Pb-Bi-Sulfosalze vom Westfeld des Scheelitbergbaues Felbertal, Salzburg. P. 207 in: Niedermayr, G. et al. (2009): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVIII. Carinthia II, 199/119, 189-236.
        • Gastein valley
          • Naßfeld valley
            • Kreuzkogel massif
    		O Dziallas collection
              • Radhausberg
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
        • Hollersbach valley
          • Scharnbachgraben
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2008): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVII. Carinthia II, 198./118., 223-274.
        • Untersulzbach valley
          • Ascham Alp - Breitfuß - Sonntagskopf area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Kolitsch, U. (2012): 1747) Galenobismutit von der Aschamalm im Untersulzbachtal, Salzburg. Pp. 153-153 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180. [locality is given as Aschamalm]
      • Lungau
        • Murwinkel
          • Rotgülden
            • Lower Rotgülden lake
    		Miner.Arch.Salzb., vol.14 (297)
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Sud Chichas Province
        • San Vicente District
    		Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental, Bolivia (USGS Bulletin no. 1975)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Plovdiv Oblast
      • Rhodope Mtn
        • Laki (Luki)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Cariboo Mining Division
        • Wells
    		Dana 7:I:446,472; Canada Geological Survey Bulletin 280, p. 281
    • Manitoba
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Y. Moëlo et al. : "Homologues de la lillianite (gustavite, vikingite, heyrovskyite riche en Ag et Bi, ...) de l'indice à W-As-(Pb, Bi, Ag) de la Roche-Balue (Loire-Atlantique, France)", Bull. Minéral., 1987, 110, pp 43-64.
    • New Brunswick
      • Charlotte Co.
        • Saint George Parish
    		Parrish, I. S., 1977, Mineral Catalog for the Mount Pleasant Deposit of Brunswick Tin Mines, Canadian Mineralogist, v. 15, p. 121-126.
    • Ontario
      • Sudbury District
        • Levack
    		Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
      • Timiskaming District
        • Cobalt-Gowganda region
          • Gowganda area
            • Nichol Township
    		Petruk (1971): The Silver-Arsenide Deposits of the Cobalt-Gowganda Region, Ontario. Can. Mineral. 11, 196-231
        • McElroy Township
    		Traill, R. J. (1980) Catalog of Canadian Minerals: Revised 1980. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-18.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Tongling Prefecture
        • Shizishan ore field
    		Yunsheng Ren, Liandeng Liu, Jiwu Zhang, and Guohua Chen (2005): Gold 26(5), 9-12
    Huan Hu, Rucheng Wang, Jianjun Lu, and Guanghua Liu (2001): Mineral Deposits 20(1), 86-98; Yunsheng Ren, Liandeng Liu, Jiwu Zhang, and Guohua Chen (2005): Gold 26(5), 9-12
        • Tongguanshan ore field
    		Junwu Lu and Yuanfa Xia (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(3), 29-31
    • Gansu Province
      • Dingxi Prefecture
        • Min Co.
    		Xinhui Liu, Jiajun Liu, Zhengling Zhang, and Weijun Zheng (2010): Gold Science and Technology 18(3), 20-27
    • Guangdong Province
      • Chaozhou Prefecture
        • Raoping Co.
    		Zhenru Zhang, Xianchang Luo, Rongmei Chen, Xingzhen Yu, Sixue Yang, Yingchen Ren, Jiuwu Zeng, and Weijun Sun (1987): Geology and Prospecting 23(6), 38-40
      • Shaoguan Prefecture
        • Shixing Co.
          • Shirenzhang-Meiziwo W-Sn deposit
    		Wenfeng Zhu, Guogao Yang, Longming Wei, Shaoqin Zhang, Debin Zhou, Guangyun Liu, and Fulin Gong (2009): Journal of Guilin University of Technology 29(3), 285-291
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Hezhou Prefecture
        • Zhongshan Co.
          • Guposhan Sn-polymetallic ore field
            • Wanggao ore field
    		Yi Li and Lairen Lai (1993): Mining Geology 14(4), 172-180
    • Hebei Province
      • Zhangjiakou Prefecture
        • Zhangbei Co.
    		Dianhao Huang, Xiaoshi Ding, Chengyu Wu, and Changjiang Zhang (1991): Acta Geologica Sinica 65(2), 127-140
    • Henan Province
      • Luoyang Prefecture
        • Song Co.
          • Qiyugou ore field
    		Yanjing Chen, Pirajno, F., Nuo Li, Dongsheng Guo, and Yong Lai (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 245-261.
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Yizhang Co.
          • Dongpo ore field
    		Shimou Chen, Hongchang Li, Ciguo Xie, and Shangjing Ai (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(10), 15-21; Yihong Sun and Xiangmei Ren (1986): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 6(2), 179-187
          • Yaogangxian W-Sn ore field
    		Yirang Chen (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(2), 25-30; Ottens, B., and Cook, R.B. (2005): Rocks & Minerals 80(1), 46-57; Jensen, M. (2009): Mineral News 25(4), 1-11, 14; Ottens, B. (2011): Mineralogical Record 42, 557-603
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Hinggan League (Xing'an Prefecture)
        • Horqin Right Middle Banner (Ke'erqin Youyi Zhongqi)
    		Bingjian Xiao (2000): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 23(1), 27-31
      • Hulunbuir League (Hulunbei'er Prefecture)
        • New Barag Right Banner (Xin Barag Youqi)
          • Jiawula Ag-polymetallic ore field
    		[var: Argentiferous Galenobismutite] Zhitian Wang, Kezhang Qin, Longju Pang, and Weishi Li (1993): Mineral Deposits 12(3), 212-220; Haiming Zhao, Li Wang, and Zuohan Li (1994): Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals 3(1), 10-14
      • Xilin Gol League (Xilinguole Prefecture)
        • East Ujimqin Banner (Dongwuzhumuqin Co.; Dongwu Qi)
    		Fengjun Nie, Wanyi Zhang, Andao Du, Sihong Jiang, and Yan Liu (2007): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 29(4), 315-323; Hongli Liu, Man Chen, Peng Chen, and Tao Liu (2011): Gold Science and Technology 19(2), 56-60
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Anyuan Co.
    		Zhenru Zhang, Xianchang Luo, Rongmei Chen, Xingzhen Yu, Sixue Yang, Yingchen Ren, Jiuwu Zeng, and Weijun Sun (1987): Geology and Prospecting 23(6), 38-40
        • Yudu Co.
    		Zhenru Zhang, Xianchang Luo, Rongmei Chen, Xingzhen Yu, Sixue Yang, Yingchen Ren, Jiuwu Zeng, and Weijun Sun (1987): Geology and Prospecting 23(6), 38-40
    • Jilin Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Yanbian Chaoxianzu Autonomous Prefecture
        • Hunchun Co.
          • Xiaoxinancha
    		Junfeng Shi (1998): Journal of Precious Metallic Geology 7(4), 274-280; Chil-Sup So, Bai-Lu Jin, Seong-Taek Yun, Chul-Ho Heo, and Seung-Jun Youm (2002): Economic and Environmental Geology 35(3), 211-220
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Chaoyang Prefecture
        • Lingyuan Co.
    		Yingfeng Ao, Jinglan Ren, Xiaoxin Ji, and Qing Fu (2002): Non-Ferrous Mining and Metallurgy 18(4), 1-4, Xiangcai Li, Zhiwei Zhang, Yingfeng Ao, Zhenhe Jiang, Qing Fu, Xiaojun Song, Guoping Yuan, Li Xuan, Dianhua Zhang, Chengjun Guan, Haifu Wang, and Jiande Ma (2009): Geology and Exploration 45(2), 74-79
      • Dandong Prefecture
        • Zhen'an District
          • Wulong orefield
    		Yushan Zhao, Chengzhu Jin, and Guangyue Guan (1994): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 14(1), 88-91
    • Sichuan Province
      • Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Batang Co.
    		Guangfu Zou, Rongcai Zheng, Shihua Hu, Caijing Chen, Hongchang Jiang, and Hongbang Wu (2008): Journal of Chengdu University of Technology, Science & Technology Edition 35(1), 93-102
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture)
        • Nagchu Co. (Naqu Co.)
    		Zhixing Feng, Xinbiao Lü, and Tao Wang (2010): Geology and Exploration 46(4), 628-633
      • Qamdo Prefecture (Changdu Prefecture)
        • Jomdo Co. (Jiangda Co.)
    		[Dequan Shuai, Rubo Zhang, Mei Luo and Jingwu Zhang (1998): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 18(4), 509-512; American Mineralogist 85, 264
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Wuqia Co. (Ulugqat Co.; Ulughchat Co.)
    		Jiajun Liu, Minghua Zheng, Cook, N.J., Xunrong Long, Jun Deng, and Yusheng Zhai (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 125-156.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Baoshan Prefecture
        • Tengchong Co.
          • Tengchong Sn belt
    		Xinzhi Zhan, Guoxian Jiang, and Yongyi Yang (1995): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 15(4), 422-424
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Bruche valley (Breuch valley)
          • Schirmeck
            • Framont - Grandfontaine area
              • Framont
    		A. Wittern, J.-R. Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Langeac
          • Marsanges
    		Boisson, J.-M. & Leconte, J. (2012) - Bilan des analyses 2010-2011, La revue des Micromonteurs, 17, 3-32.
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		P. Picot, Z. Johan : "Atlas of Ore Minerals", BRGM, Elsevier, 1982
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Saint-Julien-le-Petit
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Böckelsbach valley
    		Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
            • Burgfelsen
    		No reference listed
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Waldkirchen
            • Röhrnbach
    		Habel, M. (2009): Der Granodioritbruch der Fa. Josef Uhrmann OHG, Steinerleinbach bei Röhrnbach. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 66-86.
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Goslar
          • Rammelsberg
    		No reference listed
        • St Andreasberg District
    		No reference listed
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Freiberg District
          • Großschirma
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Rudabányai Mts.
        • Rudabánya
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    • Pest Co.
      • Börzsöny Mts.
        • Nagybörzsöny
    Iran
     
    • Esfahan Province (Isfahan Province; Aspadana Province)
      • Golpayegan County
        • Golpayegan (Golpayan)
          • Mooteh District (Muteh District)
    		http://www.min-eng.com/protected/app03ex/muteh.doc
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Vigezzo Valley
            • Druogno
              • Antoliva Valley
                • Campra
    		Vanini, F. , Meisser, N., Bonacina, E. (2008): Galenobismutite e ferritungstite in Val Vigezzo. Micro (notizie mineralogiche), 1/2008, 121-122.
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Arbus
    		Venerandi Pirri, I. (1993): Metal and more parageneses occurring in the Paleozoic basement of Sardinia (Italy): a proposed genetic frame based on critical review of literature and new microscopic investigations. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 112, 701-713. Preite, D., & Zuanel, A. (2007). Montevecchio: storia, miniere e minerali. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (4), 230-246.
      • Olbia-Tempio Pausania Province
        • La Maddalena
          • La Maddalena Island
    		- Gamboni, A. & Tinelli, P.: (2011): I minerali di Padule e Punta Tegge, area di Cala Francese, La Maddalena, Olbia-Tempio Pausania, Sardegna. Micro, 2/2011, 78-86.
    • Sicily
      • Messina Province
        • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
          • Lipari
            • Vulcano Island
    		PINTO D., BALIĆ-ŽUNIĆ T., BONACCORSI E., BORODAEV Y.S., GARAVELLI A., GARBARINO C., MAKOVICKY E., MOZGOVA N.N.,VURRO F. (2006): Rare sulfosalts from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. VI. Cl bearing galenobismutite. - Canadian Mineralogist - 44, 443-457.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		Biagioni, C., Orlandi, P., Gini, C., Bargellini, C., Gamucci, C., Marinai, V., Nannoni, R. (2013). Botro ai Marmi. I minerali delle miniere Maffei e Montorsi. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/2013, 63-83.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Tochigi Prefecture
    		Shimizu et al (1999) Memoirs of Tochigi Prefectural Museum, 16, 89-101.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
    		Jeremolenko, V. (2002): Kara-Oba: Mineralogische Perle der Betpak-Ebene bei Dzhambul, Kasachstan. Lapis 27 (4), 13-34 + 50; Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30
      • Kayrakty (Kairakty)
    		United States Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Data
    Mexico
     
    • Guanajuato
      • Mun. de Guanajuato
        • Sierra de Santa Rosa
          • Rancho Calvillo
    		Panczner(1987):115-292.
    • Hidalgo
      • Mun. de Zimapán
    		González-Partida. E., Carrillo-Chávez, A., Levresse, G., Tritlla, J., Camprubí, A., 2003. Genetic implications of fluid inclusions in skarn chimney ore, Las Animas Zn-Pb-Ag-(F) deposit, Zimapán, Mexico. Ore Geology Reviews, v. 23, p. 91-96.
    Mongolia
     
    • Töv Aimag
      • Mörön Soum
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Modum
        • Åmot
    		Pedersen, F.(1976): En geologisk undersøkelse af den kontakt metasomatiske zinkmineralsering i Glomsrud- miner, Buskerud fylke, Norge. Unpublished thesis, Geolgisk Institut,University of Århus, Denmark. 73 s
    • Nordland
      • Ballangen
    		Oftedahl,I. W (1941):Untersuchungen über die Nebenbestandteile von Erzmineralien norwegischer zinkblendeführender Vorkommen. Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, Mat.-naturv.Kl.no.8, 1-103 p. 61; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68 p. 48
    • Telemark
      • Hjartdal
    		Dons, J.A. (1963): De prekambriske bergarter i Telemark, I. Gruber og skjerp innen gradteigskart E36V Kvitseid. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. 216, 79p (p.31)
      • Seljord
        • Svartdal
          • Bleka
    		Bugge (1935, p. 794 ff); Neumann (1985, pp. 6 and 47).
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Lwówek District
        • Gierczyn-Przecznica area
    		Kucha H. & Mochnacka K. 1986: Preliminary report on bismuth minerals form the Gierczyn tin deposit, Lower Silesia, Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 17, no. 1
      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
        • Czarnów
          • Rędziny
    		Gołębiowska B., Pieczka A., Parafiniuk J. 2006: Cu(Ag)-Pb-Bi(Sb) sulphosalts from Rędziny (Western Sudetes, Poland). Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 78-80
    Portugal
     
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Ponte de Lima
        • Estorãos
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Bodaibo
            • Lena Gold District
              • Kropotkinsky ore cluster
    		http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
          • Aldan
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
    		Timofeeva, V. S. & Borodaev, Yu. S. (1975): Minerals of the bismuthinite-aikinite series at the Bom-Gorkhon wolframite deposit (western Transbaikal). Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 4: Geologiya 30 (2), 114-117.
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Kavalerovo Mining District
          • Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche)
    		Min Rec vol 32, pp 7-30 (2001); Rogulina, L.I., and Sveshnikova, O.L. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(1), 60-74.
        • Vostok
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • North Ossetia Republic
        • Sadon ore district
    		Groznova, E.O., Dobrovol’skaya, M.G., Kovalenker, V.A., Davydov, K.V., Bitarov, V.T., and Razin, M.V. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(2), 108-133.; Groznova et al (2005) New Data on Minerals Vol 40 pp72-79
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Plast
            • Kochkar' District
              • Svetlyi
    		Igor Savin's data
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast')
    		Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Brezno Co.
    		Pršek J.,2004: Štruktúra a kryštálochémia sulfosolí zo sulfidických mineralizácii Západnych Karpát (Kandid. Diz.práca).Archív Katedry miner. a petrografie Prírodoved. Fak. UK,Bratislava, 135 s.
        • Bystrá
    		Pršek J., Ozdín D., Sejkora J., 2008: Eclarite and associated Bi sulfosalts from the Brezno-Hviezda occurrence (Nízke Tatry Mts, Slovak Republic). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 185, 117-130.
      • Žarnovica Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Košice Co.
        • Medzev
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
      • Rožňava Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
      • Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Smolník Mining District
          • Smolnícka Huta
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
      • Trebišov Co.
    		Kaličiak, M., Ďuďa, R., 1996: Geolgický vývoj, stavba a metalogenéza neovulkanitov na Východnom Slovensku. Manuskript, Archív Geofond, Bratislava, 83p
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Mokopane (Potgietersrus) District
        • Zaaiplaats tin field
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Pilgrim's Rest District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Angseong-myeon
          • Neungam-ri (Neung Am-ri; Noungam-ri)
    		Bernard and Hyrsl (2004); Minerals and Their Localities
    • Gangwon-do (Kangwon-do; Gang'weondo)
      • Yeonwha
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 13 (1986) , No. 2 pp 65-74
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Canfranc
    		Mateo, Ester; Fanlo, Isabel; Subias, Ignacio; Recio, Clemente; Billstrom, Kjell (2010): Geological, mineralogical and geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Chinipi arsenopyrite-pyrite-invisible gold vein (Canfranc, Central Spanish Pyrenees). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 187, 313-327.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Falun
    		No reference listed
        • Svärdsjö
          • Svartvik Mines
    		No reference listed
    • Småland
      • Västervik
    		Arkiv Kemi, Min.Geol.(1924) 9/8, 17
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Nordmark (Nordmarksberg)
    		GFF (1878) 4, 109
        • Persberg district
    • Västerbotten
      • Boliden
    		Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Forno Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 178.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 178.; Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
      • Binn Valley
        • Saflisch Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 178.
      • Les Bagnes Valley
        • Entremont Valley
          • Ferret Valley
            • La Fouly
    		Cuchet, S., Schnyder, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Les minéraux de L'A Neuve. Schweizer Strahler / Le Cristallier Suisse, Nr. 3, 28-37.; Cuchet, S., Schnyder, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Les minéraux de L'A Neuve. Schweizer Strahler / Le Cristallier Suisse, Nr. 3, 28-37.
      • Lötschen valley
        • Lonza Valley
          • Mittal
    		Schweizer strahler, 4/2001 p19-23
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 178.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad)
      • Kuraminskii Range
    		Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30
    UK
     
    • England
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		http://www.minerals.f9.co.uk/minloc/meldon/meldon.htm
      • Somerset
        • Brendon Hills
          • Brompton Regis
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Scotland
      • Central Region (Perthshire)
        • Meal nan Oighreag
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Wales
      • Isle of Anglesey (Gwynedd; Anglesey)
        • Amlwch
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Darwin District
          • Darwin
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 137.
    Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 137.; Dunning, G.E., Moelo, Yves, Roberts, A.c., & Cooper, J. F (2000)., Ag-Cu-Pb-Bi Sulfosalts New To Darwin, Inyo County, California. Occasional Web Publication of the Bay Area Mineralogists, 2000
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Geneva District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Lake Co.
        • Leadville District
          • Iron Hill
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
          • Leadville
            • Iron Hill
    		Min. Rec.:16(3):171-201
      • San Juan Co.
        • Poughkeepsie Gulch
          • Alaska Basin
    		Dana 7:I:446, 476; Dana 6:114, 1091; Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Mon.:555-576 (1992).
      • Summit Co.
        • Montezuma Area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Connecticut
      • New Haven Co.
        • Seymour
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State
    • Idaho
      • Boise Co.
    		USGS Prof Paper 610 "Principal Gold Producing Districts of the United States"
        • Quartzburg District
    		Dana 7:I:472.; Young, Allan (2012) The Belshazzar Mine, Boise County, Idaho. Mineralogical Record 43:325-336.
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    • Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Prospect Ridge
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Ruby Hill
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Tem Piute District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Open File Report 79-3
      • Nye Co.
        • Round Mountain District
          • Outlaw Mine
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 27, pp. 355-376(1988)
    • New Mexico
      • Doña Ana Co.
        • Organ Mts
          • Organ District
    		Don Saathoff specimen (Now in Jeremy Zolan collection) Microanalyzed
    Don Saathoff collection
      • Luna Co.
    		http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/staff/dunbar/abstract/dm99.html.; Kelly M. Donahue (2002) Geochemistry, geology, and geochronology of the Victorio mining district, Luna County, New Mexico: Linking skarn and porphyry systems to carbonate-hosted lead-zinc replacement deposits. NMBGMR Open-file Report OF-471
    • Virginia
      • Rockbridge Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
        • Northern Section-Blue Ridge Province
          • Montebello
    		Rocks & Min.:60:168.
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Gold Hill District
          • Tungsten Creek
    		```Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; M. Huntting, 1956; Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975; Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; R. Derkey, N. Joseph, R. Lasmanis, 1990
      • Stevens Co.
        • Huckleberry Range
          • Deer Trail & Cedar Canyon Districts
            • Adams Mountain
    		 Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon 1975
            • Turtle Lake
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
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