Tyrolite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Tyrolite
Formula:
Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O
Colour:
Turquoise-blue, blue-green; light bluish green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Hardness:
1½ - 2
Specific Gravity:
3 - 3.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, Falkenstein near Schwaz, Tyrol, Austria.
A secondary mineral found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.
Material from the type locality is monoclinic (P2/c; polytype tyrolite-1M); a C-centred monoclinic polytype also exists at the type locality and is called tyrolite-2M (Krivovichev et al., 2006). The presence of polytypes in tyrolite was inferred from optical properties by Wieser & Zabinski (1986).
'Clinotyrolite' (originally published without IMA approval) is now a synonym of tangdanite; its unit cell is close to that of tyrolite-1M.
Note: Not all "tyrolites" may contain CO3 groups (see also Church, 1895) and some may be identical with the closely related tangdanite (the ideal formula of which contains no carbonate but sulphate instead).
Tyrolite may also be confused with theisite and claraite.
Material from the type locality is monoclinic (P2/c; polytype tyrolite-1M); a C-centred monoclinic polytype also exists at the type locality and is called tyrolite-2M (Krivovichev et al., 2006). The presence of polytypes in tyrolite was inferred from optical properties by Wieser & Zabinski (1986).
'Clinotyrolite' (originally published without IMA approval) is now a synonym of tangdanite; its unit cell is close to that of tyrolite-1M.
Note: Not all "tyrolites" may contain CO3 groups (see also Church, 1895) and some may be identical with the closely related tangdanite (the ideal formula of which contains no carbonate but sulphate instead).
Tyrolite may also be confused with theisite and claraite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4070
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4070:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
4cc63cf5-78dc-426a-a611-50458d3a989b
Classification of Tyrolite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8.DM.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
M : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
M : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
42.4.3.1
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
22.4.5
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tyl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tyrolite
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Aggregates silky at times; pearly on {001}.
Colour:
Turquoise-blue, blue-green; light bluish green in transmitted light.
Streak:
Paler than unpowdered colour.
Hardness:
1½ - 2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
In [001], well-defined.
In [001], well-defined.
Density:
3 - 3.2 g/cm3 (Measured)
Comment:
3.25 (Tintic material).
Optical Data of Tyrolite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.694 nβ = 1.726 nγ = 1.730
2V:
Measured: 33° to 39°, Calculated: 38°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.036
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = b = Pale grass-green
Y = c = Pale yellowish green
Z = a = Pale grass-green
Y = c = Pale yellowish green
Z = a = Pale grass-green
Chemical Properties of Tyrolite
Formula:
Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O
Common Impurities:
S,O
Crystallography of Tyrolite
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
| Tyrolite-1M | Tyrolite-2M |
|---|---|
| Monoclinic | Monoclinic |
| 2/m - Prismatic | 2/m - Prismatic |
| B2/m | |
| C2/m | |
| a = 27.562(3) Å, b = 5.5682(7) Å, c = 10.4662(15) Å β = 98.074(11)° | a = 54.520(6) Å, b = 5.5638(6) Å, c = 10.4647(10) Å β = 96.432(9)° |
| a:b:c = 4.95 : 1 : 1.88 | a:b:c = 9.799 : 1 : 1.881 |
| V 1590.3 ų | V 3,154.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) |
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 28.0 Å | (FFF) |
| 14.1 Å | (F) |
| 5.27 Å | (fm) |
| 4.85 Å | (mF) |
| 4.44 Å | (m) |
| 2.98 Å | (F) |
| 2.70 Å | (F) |
Comments:
Very similar to the pattern of tangdanite. See also http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/xtal_data/DIFfiles/18341.txt.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Tyrolite
Synonyms of Tyrolite
Other Language Names for Tyrolite
Common Associates
| Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Limonite | Currently used as a field-term unidentified massive hydroxides and oxides of iron, with no visible crystals, and a ... |
| Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 173 photos of Tyrolite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 61 photos of Tyrolite associated with Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 31 photos of Tyrolite associated with Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| 23 photos of Tyrolite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 21 photos of Tyrolite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 20 photos of Tyrolite associated with Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 16 photos of Tyrolite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 12 photos of Tyrolite associated with Tangdanite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(SO4)0.5(OH)9 · 9H2O |
| 10 photos of Tyrolite associated with Theisite | Cu5Zn5(AsO4,SbO4)2(OH)14 |
| 10 photos of Tyrolite associated with Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DM. | Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O36(OH)] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 8.DM. | Betpakdalite-FeFe | [Fe3+2 (H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O37] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 8.DM. | Penriceite | [Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6] · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 8.DM. | Elliottite | NaMgAl3(PO4)2F6 · 9H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 8.DM. | Sarrochite | [Ca4(H2O)38][Mo8P2Fe3+3O37(OH)] | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
| 8.DM. | Tomsquarryite | NaMgAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 · 8H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 8.DM.05 | Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 8.DM.05 | Esperanzaite | NaCa2Al2(AsO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 8.DM.10 | Tangdanite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(SO4)0.5(OH)9 · 9H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 8.DM.15 | Betpakdalite-CaCa | [Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 8.DM.15 | Melkovite | [Ca2(H2O)15Ca(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O36(OH)] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 8.DM.15 | Betpakdalite-NaCa | [Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 8.DM.20 | Phosphovanadylite-Ba | Ba[V4+4P2O8(OH)8] · 12H2O | Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m |
| 8.DM.20 | Phosphovanadylite-Ca | Ca[V4+4P2O12(OH)4] · 12H2O | Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m |
| 8.DM.25 | Yukonite | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O | Orth. mm2 |
| 8.DM.30 | Uduminelite | Ca3Al8(PO4)2O12 · 2H2O | |
| 8.DM.35 | Aldermanite | [Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)6] · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 8.DM.35 | Azovskite | Fe3+3(PO4)(OH)6 or near | |
| 8.DM.35 | Delvauxite | CaFe4(PO4,SO4)2(OH)8 · 4-6H2O not confirmed | Amor. |
| 8.DM.40 | Santafeite | (Na,Ca,Sr)12(Mn2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)8Mn4+8(VO4)16(OH,O)20 · 8H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 8.DM.55 | Tapiaite | Ca5Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 12H2O | Mon. |
| 8.DM.60 | Alcantarillaite | [Fe3+0.5(H2O)4][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.5W6+0.5)(AsO4)2O7] | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma |
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in cold HCl. Soluble in ammonia.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tyrolite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4070.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Tyrolite
Reference List:
Localities for Tyrolite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Quick NavTopAbout TyroliteUnique IdentifiersClassification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemical Properties Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Farbište, Poniky, Banská Bystrica District, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia