Kremersite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Kremersite
Formula:
(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Colour:
Ruby-red to red, brownish red
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.175
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
After German chemist Peter Kremers (1827-?).
Isostructural with:
Very deliquescent, survives only under favourable ambient conditions.
Usually as tiny crystals, sometimes fibrous. Relatively large, deep red crystals, up to ca. 3 mm in size, were found coalesced in a single block from a burning heap in Radlin, Poland.
Usually as tiny crystals, sometimes fibrous. Relatively large, deep red crystals, up to ca. 3 mm in size, were found coalesced in a single block from a burning heap in Radlin, Poland.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2273
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2273:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
6880d2ce-ab6e-45f1-ba5b-162be4d73666
IMA Classification of Kremersite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(NH4)2Fe3+Cl5 · H2O
Classification of Kremersite
3.CJ.10
3 : HALIDES
C : Complex halides
J : With MX6 complexes; M = Fe, Mn, Cu
3 : HALIDES
C : Complex halides
J : With MX6 complexes; M = Fe, Mn, Cu
11.4.1.2
11 : HALIDE COMPLEXES
4 : AmBX5·xH2O
11 : HALIDE COMPLEXES
4 : AmBX5·xH2O
8.11.7
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
11 : Halides of Fe and Ni
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
11 : Halides of Fe and Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Km | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kremersite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Ruby-red to red, brownish red
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {211} and {011}.
On {211} and {011}.
Density:
2.175 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.13 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Synthetic
Optical Data of Kremersite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.733 nβ = 1.763 nγ = 1.807
2V:
Measured: 70° , Calculated: 82°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.074
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Chemistry of Kremersite
Mindat Formula:
(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Crystallography of Kremersite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Setting:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.78 Å, b = 9.85 Å, c = 7.09 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.399 : 1 : 0.72
Unit Cell V:
962.35 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals pseudooctahedral with {011} and {210} in equal development.
Twinning:
On [211] and [201] (artificial material)
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012057 | Kremersite | Figgis B N, Raston C L, Sharma R P, White A H (1978) Crystal structure of diammonium aquapentachloroferrate(III) Australian Journal of Chemistry 31 2717-2720 | 1978 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.800 Å | (100) |
| 5.72 Å | (80) |
| 2.451 Å | (65) |
| 2.794 Å | (60) |
| 5.61 Å | (55) |
| 2.783 Å | (55) |
| 4.900 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Type Occurrence of Kremersite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Active volcanic fumaroles.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Kremers P (1851) Ueber die aschenbestandtheile und die producte der trocknen destillation bei braun- und steinkohlen. Ueber das natürliche vorkommen des doppelsaizes von eisenchlorid mit den chloralkalien. Annalen der Physik und Chemie 84, 67-80
Synonyms of Kremersite
Other Language Names for Kremersite
Spanish:Kremersita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Kremersite associated with Therasiaite | (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5 |
| 1 photo of Kremersite associated with Unnamed (NH4-Mn Chloride-Hydrate) | |
| 1 photo of Kremersite associated with Unnamed (NH4-Zn-Fe Chloride) | (NH4)3(Zn,Fe)Cl5 |
| 1 photo of Kremersite associated with Ammonioalunite | (NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Kremersite associated with Ammoniojarosite | (NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.CJ.05 | Chlormanganokalite | K4[MnCl6] |
| 3.CJ.05 | Rinneite | K3Na[FeCl6] |
| 3.CJ.05 | Saltonseaite | K3NaMnCl6 |
| 3.CJ.10 | Erythrosiderite | K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
| 3.CJ.15 | Mitscherlichite | K2CuCl4 · 2H2O |
| 3.CJ.20 | Douglasite | K2[Fe2+Cl4(OH2)2] |
| 3.CJ.25 | Redikortsevite | (NH4)MgCl3 · 6H2O |
| 3.CJ.30 | Zirklerite | (Fe,Mg,Ca)9Al4Cl18(OH)12 · 14H2O (?) |
| 3.CJ.30 | Kalithallite | K3Tl3+Cl6 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in water. In (humid) air it will quickly turn into a deep-yellow solution, aggressive towards organics (e.g., paper, wood) and steel (Ł. Kruszewski's personal obs.)
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
Very deliquescent,
Health Risks:
corrosive
Internet Links for Kremersite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2273.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Kremersite
Reference List:
Localities for Kremersite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Czech Republic | |
| |
Germany | |
| |
| |
Italy (TL) | |
| |
| |
| |
Japan | |
| |
Netherlands | |
| |
Poland | |
| |
| |
Russia | |
| |
Tajikistan | |
| |
USA | |
|
Quick NavTopAbout KremersiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Anna mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany