Pinakiolite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Pinakiolite
Formula:
(Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2
Colour:
Black; deep reddish brown in transmitted light
Lustre:
Pearly, Metallic
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.88
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
From the Greek ÏÎčÎœÎŹÎșÎčÎżÎœ, a small tablet, and λίΞοÏ, stone, in allusion to the thin tabular shape of the crystals.
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3214
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3214:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
32668e80-0cdb-4d6a-b677-d976a6c7d194
IMA Classification of Pinakiolite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Mg,Mn)2(Mn3+,Sb5+)O2(BO3)
First published:
1891
Classification of Pinakiolite
6.AB.35
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
24.2.4.1
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
9.7.1
9 : Borates
7 : Borates of Mn
9 : Borates
7 : Borates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Pki | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Pinakiolite
Pearly, Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Comment:
brilliant on {010}, to pearly
Colour:
Black; deep reddish brown in transmitted light
Streak:
Brown-gray
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}.
On {010}.
Density:
3.88 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.94(15) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pinakiolite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.908(5) nβ = 2.050(1) nγ = 2.060(10)
2V:
Measured: 31° to 33°, Calculated: 64°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.152
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r < v
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Y = c; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Deep reddish brown
Y = Nearly opaque
Z = Reddish yellow
Y = Nearly opaque
Z = Reddish yellow
Chemistry of Pinakiolite
Mindat Formula:
(Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Pinakiolite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.36 Å, b = 5.98 Å, c = 21.79 Å
β = 120.57°
β = 120.57°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.896 : 1 : 3.644
Unit Cell V:
601.35 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Thin rectangular tablets {010}. Short prismatic [001], rare. Crystals often bent or broken.
Twinning:
On {011} common as contact and/or cruciform interpenetrant twins.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000416 | Pinakiolite | Moore P B, Araki T (1974) Pinakiolite, Mg2MnO2[BO3]; warwickite, Mg(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O[BO3]; wightmanite, Mg5(O)(OH)5[BO3].nH2O: Crystal chemistry of complex 3 Angstrom wallpaper structures American Mineralogist 59 985-1004 |  | 1974 | Langban, Sweden | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.51 Ă | (10) |
| 2.70 Ă | (9) |
| 5.42 Ă | (8) |
| 1.986 Ă | (6) |
| 2.165 Ă | (4) |
| 1.623 Ă | (4) |
| 1.496 Ă | (4) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-đ alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Pinakiolite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Bands in matrix.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, 531826.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Bands in granular dolomite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Flink, G. (1891) Ueber Pinakiolith und Trimerit, zwei neue Mineralien aus den Mangangruben Schwedens. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie: 18: 361-376.
Synonyms of Pinakiolite
Other Language Names for Pinakiolite
Varieties of Pinakiolite
| Sb-rich pinakiolite | Described by Hansen et al. (1988) and Norrestam & Hansen (1990) as a Sb-bearing pinakiolite, a new structural variety from Långban, Sweden. |
Relationship of Pinakiolite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Folvikite | Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 | Mon. 2 : P2 |
| Hulsite | (Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Magnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Pinakiolite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 6 photos of Pinakiolite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 1 photo of Pinakiolite associated with Molybdophyllite | Pb8Mg9[Si10O28(OH)8O2(CO3)3] · H2O |
| 1 photo of Pinakiolite associated with Berzeliite | (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 6.AB. | Rhabdoborite-(Mo) | Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2 |
| 6.AB. | Chubarovite | KZn2(BO3)Cl2 |
| 6.AB. | Savelievaite | Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.05 | Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| 6.AB.10 | Berborite | Be2(BO3)(OH,F) · H2O |
| 6.AB.15 | Jeremejevite | Al6(BO3)5(F,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.20 | Warwickite | (Mg,Ti,Fe,Al)2O(BO3) |
| 6.AB.20 | Yuanfuliite | Mg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3) |
| 6.AB.25 | Karlite | (Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(â»,Cl)0.5 |
| 6.AB.30 | Azoproite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Fredrikssonite | Mg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Vonsenite | Fe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Marinaite | Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.35 | Folvikite | Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 |
| 6.AB.40 | Blatterite | Sb5+3(Mn3+,Fe3+)9(Mn2+,Mg)35(BO3)16O32 |
| 6.AB.40 | Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Orthopinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Takéuchiite | (Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Hulsite | (Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Magnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.50 | Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.50 | Hydroxylborite | Mg3(BO3)(OH)3 |
| 6.AB.55 | Shabynite | Mg5(BO3)(OH)5(Cl,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 6.AB.55 | Wightmanite | Mg5(BO3)O(OH)5 · 2H2O |
| 6.AB.60 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.65 | Sakhaite | Ca48Mg16(BO3)32(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
| 6.AB.70 | Harkerite | Ca48Mg16[AlSi4O15(OH)]4(BO3)16(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
| 6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(F) | Mg2(BO3)(F,OH) |
| 6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(OH) | Mg2(BO3)(OH) |
| 6.AB.80 | Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| 6.AB.85 | Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| 6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(V) | Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1) |
| 6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(W) | Mg12(W6+,V5+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} |
| 6.AB.90 | Mengxianminite | (Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in concentrated HCl with the evolution of elemental chlorine.
Health Risks:
Emits poisonous chlorine gas when contacted by concentrated HCl.
Internet Links for Pinakiolite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3214.html
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References for Pinakiolite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.120
Localities for Pinakiolite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Bishop et al. (1974) |
Romania | |
| minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008) |
Sweden (TL) | |
| Zeits.Krist.Min. (1890) +2 other references |
| Grensman (2003) | |
| www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com (2022) +1 other reference |
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LĂ„ngban Mine, LĂ„ngban Ore District, Filipstad, VĂ€rmland County, Sweden