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Makatite

A valid IMA mineral species
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01185850017117304294906.jpg
Makatite

Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia
08302530014947708925926.jpg
Makatite

Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia
00643410014963313371948.jpg
Makatite

Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia
00451000017107939874603.jpg
Makatite

Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia
08302530014947708925926.jpg
Makatite

Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia
07668870014961177714205.jpg
Makatite

Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia
01185850017117304294906.jpg
Makatite

Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia
08302530014947708925926.jpg
Makatite

Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia
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About MakatiteHide

Formula:
Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O
Colour:
White
Specific Gravity:
1.97 - 2.07
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
From "emakut", Masai word for "soda", in allusion to the high sodium content of the mineral.
This page provides mineralogical data about Makatite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2548
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2548:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
fc63907b-1d9e-42d2-99cb-765b4ee811ba

IMA Classification of MakatiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
Approval year:
1969
First published:
1970

Classification of MakatiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
9.EE.45

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
Dana 8th ed.:
74.3.5.2

74 : PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers
3 : Modulated Layers with joined strips
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.1.4

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
1 : Silicates of the alkali metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
MktIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of MakatiteHide

Colour:
White
Streak:
White
Comment:
Soft.
Cleavage:
Perfect
Parallel to longitudinal axis
Density:
1.97 - 2.07 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.05 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of MakatiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.472 - 1.475 nβ = 1.480 nγ = 1.487 - 1.490
2V:
Measured: 70°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.015
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none

Chemistry of MakatiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O
Elements listed:
H, Na, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Ti,Al,Fe,Mg,Ca,K

Crystallography of MakatiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.388 Å, b = 18.094 Å, c = 9.523 Å
β = 90.64°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.408 : 1 : 0.526
Unit Cell V:
1,272.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Thin striated prisms. Typically as spherulites or fibrous radiating acicular aggregates.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0010848MakatiteAnnehed H, Faelth L, Lincoln F J (1982) Crystal structure of synthetic makatite Na2Si4O8(OH)2(H2O)4 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 159 203-21019820293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.09 Å(100)
2.997 Å(60)
9.04 Å(55)
2.883 Å(40)
3.410 Å(40)
3.125 Å(35)
8.42 Å(30)
Comments:
Lake Magadi, Kenya. Data from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of MakatiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Lake Magadi, Kajiado County, Kenya
General Appearance of Type Material:
White spherulites or radiating acicular aggregates up to 3 mm in diameter. Individual crystals are 0.05-2.0 µm wide and 5-30 µm long. Commonly replacing trona.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 122170, 122171.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Obtained from drill cores at depths of 8-30 meters. In cavities in coarsely crystalline trona, making up to 20% of the rock in places.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Erionite SubgroupMagadiiteAnorthoclaseGaylussite

Synonyms of MakatiteHide

Other Language Names for MakatiteHide

German:Makatit
Spanish:Makatita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
24 photos of Makatite associated with TuperssuatsiaiteFe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2O
18 photos of Makatite associated with NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
10 photos of Makatite associated with VilliaumiteNaF
7 photos of Makatite associated with PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
6 photos of Makatite associated with ZakharoviteNa4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2O
3 photos of Makatite associated with Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
3 photos of Makatite associated with AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
2 photos of Makatite associated with EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
2 photos of Makatite associated with Hainite-(Y)Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
2 photos of Makatite associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.EE.CairncrossiteSr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-xTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.05BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8Mon.
9.EE.07InnsbruckiteMn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38Mon. m : Bm
9.EE.10BrokenhilliteMn8Si6O15(OH)10Hex. 6mm : P63mc
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
9.EE.10FriedeliteMn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
9.EE.10Mcgillite(Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.15Nelenite(Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3]Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
9.EE.15SchalleriteMn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17Trig. 3m : P3m1
9.EE.20Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20TuperssuatsiaiteFe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20YofortieriteMn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20WindhoekiteFe3+(Fe3+1.67◻0.33)Ca2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4(OH)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate)NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.20Windmountainite◻Fe3+2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.25Falcondoite(Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2OOrth.
9.EE.25LoughliniteNa2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.EE.25SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnna
9.EE.25Kalifersite(K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.30GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.30OrlymaniteCa4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2OHex.
9.EE.30TungusiteCa4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.35Reyerite(Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : P3
9.EE.35Truscottite(Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2OTrig.
9.EE.35KodamaiteNa3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2 · (14-x)H2O Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.40NatrosiliteNa2Si2O5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.EE.50VarennesiteNa8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.EE.55RaiteMn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 2
9.EE.60IntersiliteNa6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2OMon.
9.EE.65ShafranovskiteNa3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 · nH2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
9.EE.65ZakharoviteNa4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2OTrig. 3m
9.EE.70ZeophylliteCa13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
9.EE.75Minehillite(K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16Hex.
9.EE.80Fedorite(Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80Martinite(Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80EllingseniteNa5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.85Lalondeite(Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
Sharp endothermic peaks are at 80°, 100°, and 185°C (large). Broad endothermic peaks are at 530° and 810°C, and a possible broad exothermic peak at 675°C. The endothermic peaks between 80° and 185°C probably result from the loss of water.
Notes:
Not water soluble.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for MakatiteHide

References for MakatiteHide

Reference List:
Sheppard, Richard A., Gude, Arthur J. III, Hay, Richard L. (1970) Makatite, a new hydrous sodium silicate mineral from Lake Magadi, Kenya. American Mineralogist, 55 (3-4) 358-366
Khomyakov, A.P., Stepanov, V.I., Bykova, A.V., Naumova, I.S. (1980). Makatite (Na2Si4O9·5H2O) - the first discovery in the USSR. Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR, 255, 971-976. (in Russian)
Khomyakov, A.P., Stepanov, V.I., Bykova, Naumova, I.S. (1981). Makatite, Na2Si4O9•5H2O. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Earth Sciences Section, 255, 181-185.
Walenta, K., Zwiener, M., Telle, R. (1981). Seltene Mineralien aus dem Nephelinit-Steibruch am Höwenegg im Hegau: Makatit und Paulingit. Aufschluss, 32, 130-134 (in German).
Annehed, H., Faelth, L., Lincoln, F.J. (1982). Crystal structure of synthetic makatite Na2Si4O8(OH)2.4H2O. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 159, 203-210.
Dunn, P. J., Cabri, L. J., Clark, A. M., Fleischer, M. (1983) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 68. 849-852p.852
Horváth, László, Gault, Robert A. (1990) The Mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. The Mineralogical Record, 21 (4) 281-359
Horváth, László, Gault, Robert A., Tarassoff, Peter, Pfenninger-Horváth, Elsa (1998) Mineralogy of the Saint-Amable Sill, Varennes and Saint-Amable, Quebec. The Mineralogical Record, 29 (2) 83-118pp.103-104
Huang, Y., Jiang, Z., Schwieger, W. (1999). A structural investigation of the singly layered silicates, silinaite and makatite, by vibrational spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 77(4), 495-501.
Zubkova, N. V., Pekov, I. V., Pushcharovsky, D. Yu. (2014) A review of crystal chemistry of natural silicates of alkaline elements in the light of new structural data. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (2) 253-265 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.2.03
(2023) Makatite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for MakatiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada
 
  • Québec
    • Montérégie
      • La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
Horváth et al. (1990)
      • Lajemmerais RCM
        • Varennes & St-Amable
Horváth et al. (1998)
Horváth et al. (1998)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Tuttlingen
        • Immendingen
Tschernich (1992)
Kenya (TL)
 
  • Kajiado County
Sheppard et al. (1970) +1 other reference
Namibia
 
  • Khomas Region
    • Windhoek Rural
      • Aris
 ... +3 other references
Gevers (1933) +3 other references
Russia
 
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Khibiny Massif
Pekov et al. (2004)
    • Lovozersky District
[World of Stones 95:5-6 +1 other reference
        • Umbozero mine
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Pekov (1998)
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