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Putoranite

A valid IMA mineral species
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00318840014947141112001.jpg
Putoranite, etc.

Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
02602000015751079182976.jpg
Putoranite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
00318840014947141112001.jpg
Putoranite, etc.

Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
02602000015751079182976.jpg
Putoranite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
00318840014947141112001.jpg
Putoranite, etc.

Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
06799070015751079182954.jpg
Putoranite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About PutoraniteHide

08164540016137328008542.jpg
Putoran Mountains / Plateau
Formula:
Cu1.1Fe1.2S2
Previously given as Cu9(Fe,Ni)9S16.
Colour:
Yellow
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
6.14 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named for the Putoran Mountains / Plateau in central Siberia, that includes the type locality. The plateau is covered with basaltic lava flows and is the second largest basalt plateau in the world after the Deccan in India. It also contains some of the largest known nickel deposits in the world. The Putorana Nature Reserve, established in 1988, covers over 4,500,000 acres and a similar sized buffer zone. In 2010 it was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Talnakhite Group.

Chemically very similar to chalcopyrite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3312
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3312:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
5abbd179-d7ba-4940-af36-489f4c620339

IMA Classification of PutoraniteHide

Classification of PutoraniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
2.CB.10b

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
2.9.7.1

2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.1.31

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
PutIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
PutThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of PutoraniteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Yellow
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=259 - 263 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Comment:
Nickeloan variety is slightly softer
Density:
6.14 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of PutoraniteHide

Anisotropism:
Distinct greenish-grey to rose-grey (nickel rich)
Bireflectance:
Stronger in oxidized specimens
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR
460nm24.4%
480nm25.1%
500nm30.0%
520nm31.8%
540nm38.0%
560nm40.0%
580nm41.2%
600nm41.2%
620nm40.9%
640nm41.9%
600nm41.6%
680nm41.2%
700nm41.0%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 41.9%.
Colour in reflected light:
pale yellow
Comments:
Pure material is isotropic.

Chemistry of PutoraniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu1.1Fe1.2S2

Previously given as Cu9(Fe,Ni)9S16.
Elements listed:
Cu, Fe, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Ni

Crystallography of PutoraniteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Pn3m
Setting:
Pn3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.30 Å
Unit Cell V:
148.88 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Intergrowths with mooihoekite, rare single crystals
Twinning:
Polysynthetic
Comment:
by analogy to synthetic material

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.05 Å(100)
1.873 Å(90)
1.596 Å(60)
1.081 Å(50)
1.216 Å(30)
2.65 Å(20)
1.326 Å(20)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
15 : Black/white smoker minerals and other seafloor hydrothermal minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Type Occurrence of PutoraniteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 81312.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
MooihoekiteTalnakhiteCabriiteCubanitePentlandite
MagnetiteGalenaSphaleriteSilverAlabandite
ValleriiteMackinawiteShadluniteDjerfisherite
Reference:
Filimonova, A.A., Evstigneeva, T.L., Laputina, I.P. (1980) Putoranite and nickel-bearing putoranite, new minerals of the chalcopyrite group. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 109(3): 335-341.
Download:
https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/ZVMO109N3_335.pdf

Synonyms of PutoraniteHide

Other Language Names for PutoraniteHide

German:Putoranit
Spanish:Putoranita

Relationship of Putoranite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Talnakhite Group
Other Members of this group:
HaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 2 2 2
MooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2m
TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Putoranite associated with MooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16
1 photo of Putoranite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05UM1998-15-S:CuFeZnCu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.07aUnnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulpide)Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 2 2 2
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2m
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aUnnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10aUM1984-30-S:CuFeSnCu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6Hex.
2.CB.15aKësteriteCu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15cUM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZnCu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.17a vArsenic-bearing RenieriteCu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.30Argyropyritenear Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30ColusiteCu13VAs3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.CB.30FrieseiteAg2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45RambergiteMnSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
2.CB.50ZincselenideZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.CB.52DzhezkazganiteReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for PutoraniteHide

References for PutoraniteHide

Localities for PutoraniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan
 
  • Nangarhar
    • Haska Meyna District
Qaisar et al. (2023)
Angola
 
  • Huíla Province
    • Chibia
Campeny et al. (2011)
Russia (TL)
 
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
      • Taimyr Peninsula
        • Putoran Plateau
          • Noril'sk
            • Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit
Am Min 66:638-639 +2 other references
2014 Ultramafic-mafic intrusions +1 other reference
    • Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District
      • Kureika river
        • Dzheltul'skii massif (Dzhaltul)
Shvedov et al. (2015)
  • Murmansk Oblast
Orsoev et al. (1985)
Bekker et al. (2016)
Turkey
 
  • Eskişehir Province
    • Eskişehir ophiolite
Uysal +5 other references
Uysal +5 other references
USA
 
  • Minnesota
    • St. Louis County
      • Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area
Good et al. (2010)
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