Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Jasper from
Arizona, USA


Locality type:State
Classification
Species:'Jasper' (not an IMA approved species)
Confirmation
Validity:Believed Valid
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Quartzⓘ9 photos of Jasper associated with Quartz at this locality.
Hematite8 photos of Jasper associated with Hematite at this locality.
Chalcedonyⓘ5 photos of Jasper associated with Chalcedony at this locality.
Calcite2 photos of Jasper associated with Calcite at this locality.
Chrysocollaⓘ2 photos of Jasper associated with Chrysocolla at this locality.
Magnetite1 photo of Jasper associated with Magnetite at this locality.
Baryte1 photo of Jasper associated with Baryte at this locality.
Agate1 photo of Jasper associated with Agate at this locality.
Data
Mineral Data:Click here to view Jasper data
Locality Data:Click here to view Arizona, USA
Data Identifiers
Mindat Occurrence Record ID:1334367
Long-form Identifier:1:3:1334367:7
GUID (UUID V4):77c26ae1-66b0-416b-9200-ba9eab8e439e
Localities for Jasper in this Region
Little Dragoon Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
Warbonnet Ranch, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
American Mine (American shaft; War Eagle Mine; La Vantia Mine; La Ventia Mine), Yellowstone Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
Coconino County, Arizona, USA
Bass Mine (Bass property; Asbestos Camp), Coconino County, Arizona, USA
Befuddled claims, Cliff Dwellers Lodge, Vermillion Cliffs Mining District, Coconino County, Arizona, USA
Snafu claims, Marble Canyon, Vermillion Cliffs Mining District, Coconino County, Arizona, USA
Premier property (Premier group; Santa Monica Camp; Santa Montica Camp), Christmas, Banner Mining District, Gila County, Arizona, USA
Limestone quarry, Winkelman, Banner Mining District, Gila County, Arizona, USA
Darius Mine, Buffalo Gulch, Globe Hills Mining District, Globe-Miami Mining District, Gila County, Arizona, USA
Kohl’s Ranch fossil locality, Gila County, Arizona, USA
Peloncillo Mountains, Graham County, Arizona, USA
Limestone Gulch, Greenlee County, Arizona, USA
Morenci Mine, Morenci, Greenlee County, Arizona, USA
Brenda, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Clara Mine, Santa Maria Mining District (Planet Mining District; Swansea Mining District; Bill Williams Mining District), Buckskin Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Critic Mine (Cunningham Pass Mine), Wenden, Cunningham Pass Mining District, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Black Buck & Buckhorn Mine, Eagle Tail Mining District, Eagletail Mts (Cemetary Ridge), La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Black Hawk Mine, Eagle Tail Mining District, Eagletail Mts (Cemetary Ridge), La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Socorro Mine, Harquahala Mining District, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Plomosa Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Shamrock Mine, Bear Hills, Plomosa Mining District, Plomosa Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Bouse, Plomosa Mining District, Plomosa Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Red Chief prospect (Red Chief deposit; Red Chief No. 5 claim; Barium No. 21 claim), Bouse, Plomosa Mining District, Plomosa Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Happy Day No. 4 claim (Halsted claim), Plomosa Mining District, Plomosa Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Bonanza Mine (Harquahala Mine), Bonanza and Golden Eagle Mine group, Martin Peak, Salome, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
Cave Creek Mining District, Palo Verde Mountains, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA
Sunflower Mine (Sunflower group of claims; Arizona Sunflower group; National group), Maricopa County belt, Sunflower Mining District (Mazatzal Mountains Mining District; Quicksilver Mining District), Maricopa County, Arizona, USA
Packover claim, Sunflower Mine (Sunflower group of claims; Arizona Sunflower group; National group), Maricopa County belt, Sunflower Mining District (Mazatzal Mountains Mining District; Quicksilver Mining District), Maricopa County, Arizona, USA
Mohave County, Arizona, USA
Black Jack Mine, Artillery Mountains, Mohave County, Arizona, USA
Valley View prospect (USGS PP 1361 locality 216), Lost Basin Mining District, Mohave County, Arizona, USA
Stewart & Garriott group of claims, Topock Mining District, Mohave County, Arizona, USA
River Mountains - western slopes, Weaver Mining District, Mohave County, Arizona, USA
Navajo County, Arizona, USA
Apache Iron deposit, Apache Iron Mining District, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
East Apache deposit (Swamp Creek Mountain deposit), The Pyramids, Apache Iron deposit, Apache Iron Mining District, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
West Apache deposit (Bear Spring Mountain deposit), The Pyramids, Apache Iron deposit, Apache Iron Mining District, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
Joseph City, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
Anna Bernice claims, Joseph City, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
Mac No. 3 prospect (Mac #3), Sun Valley, Petrified Forest Mining District, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
Woodruff, Petrified Forest Mining District, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
Winslow, Winslow Mining District, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
Rincon Basin occurrences, Winslow, Winslow Mining District, Navajo County, Arizona, USA
Marsh Station vicinity, Pima County, Arizona, USA
Rincon Mining District, Rincon Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, USA
Glen claims, Papago Mining District (Sierrita Mining District), Sierrita Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, USA
Unnamed Mn prospect Vhne-031n, Vaca Hills, Silver Bell Mining District, Silver Bell Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, USA
Old Mission Mine (Old Bat Mine), Amole Mining District, Tucson Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, USA
Aravaipa Creek area, Pinal County, Arizona, USA
Unnamed wash, adjacent to State Route 177, Superior area, Pinal County, Arizona, USA
Magmatic Copper Mine (Magmatic Copper Company claims; Stacy claims; Lode Star claims), Apache Leap, Superior, Pinal County, Arizona, USA
Baltimore claim, Magma Chief Copper Mine (Magma Chief group of claims; Magma Chief Mine; Patented claims MS 3482; Patented claim MS 3483), Superior, Pinal County, Arizona, USA
Virginia 1 and 2 claims, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, USA
Whetstone Mountains, Arizona, USA
Yavapai County, Arizona, USA
Verde Village - S of, Cottonwood, Black Hills Mining District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai County, Arizona, USA
Black Hawk Mine, Cherry, Cherry Creek Mining District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai County, Arizona, USA
United Verde Extension Mine (Little Daisy group of claims), Jerome, Verde Mining District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai County, Arizona, USA
United Verde Mine, Jerome, Verde Mining District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai County, Arizona, USA
Cowboy Mine (Cowboy group of claims; Grey Mine; Golden Nugget Mine), Bagdad, Eureka Mining District, Yavapai County, Arizona, USA
Howard Copper Company property area, Black Canyon, Black Canyon Mining District, Wickenburg Mountains, Yavapai County, Arizona, USA
References
Reference Search (possible matching items)
Journal (article/letter/editorial)
seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA J.F. Slack a,⁎, T. Grenne b , A. Bekker c ,...Survey, National Center, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192, USA Geological Survey of Norway, Leiv Eirikssons vei...Broad Branch Road N.W., Washington, D.C. 20015, USA Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry,...25, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA e 205 Paramount Drive, Sedona, AZ 86336, USA b d Received 27 September...1.71 Ga hematitic chert (jasper) and iron formation in central Arizona, USA, show moderate positive to
Book (edition)
remember one of our collecting trips together in the Arizona desert where, with a glimmer in her eyes, she very...journeys to find that ever-elusive next agate, jasper, or mineral specimen that will be the most wonderful...botryoidal . coating hand collected in northern Arizona. are interested in the earth sciences often...provides for us. mt “a Stone petroglyphs in Arizona. WHAT ARE ROCKS AND MINERALS? 11 What Are Rocks...MINERALS? oa Pn MNS The red rocks of Sedona, Arizona. weathering and erosion. Another sedimentary formation
Journal (article/letter/editorial)
Sandstone bed near the Sonsela Buttes, northeastern Arizona, USA, support the presence of a distributive fluvial...Sandstone bed near the Sonsela Buttes, northeastern Arizona, USA, support the presence of a distributive fluvial...Management, 1 Park Road #2217, Petrified Forest, Arizona 86028, USA The University of Texas at Austin, Jackson... 2305 Speedway Stop C1160, Austin, Texas 78712, USA 3 The University of Houston-Downtown, Department...Main Street Room 813-North, Houston, Texas 77002, USA 1 2 ■■ ABSTRACT The Sonsela Sandstone bed was
Journal (issue)
the U.S.A. 02 0 74470 02033 2 Made in the USA! by Barranca Diamond DIAMOND 7” TRIM SAW MK-1503...Adventures in Australia Steve Voynick 34 WULFENITE ARIZONA STYLE (PART III) Jenni Clark and Leigh Twine ...H Scan for Video Scan for Video MADE IN USA MADE IN USA Barranca Diamond Products • 1315 Storm Parkway... Best Prices Grit 6" 8" 60 12.95 16.95 Made in USA. 80, 100 11.95 15.95 Nickel Bond including & Wheels...Machine - 6 inch 895 00 complete Made in USA Our made in USA wheels will last you 3-4 times longer than
Journal (issue)
Bross, Alma Mining District, Park Co. Colorado, USA 5.71 x 3.73 x 2.96 inches (14.50 x 9.48 x 7.52 cm)...PA RTING SHOT S A RE AUGUST OCTOBER Maligano Jasper By Keith Dull www.facebook.com/SummitCabochons...995 00 complete Free shipping in continent USA Made in USA Grit Sizes 60 to 200,000 1.0" hole with...with 3/4", 5/8" & 1/2" bushings Our made in USA soft wheels will last you 3-4 times longer than imported...AM 8:49 BIGGS JASPER Call or email for 2021 trip information 2021 Rough Biggs Jasper • Agate Landscape
Journal (article/letter/editorial)
stages of the opening of the Gulf of California. Jasper, Fe, and Mn oxides associated to the NW–SE structures...Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA R. Del Rio Salas (*) : L. Ochoa-Landín...1998). Locally, the Mn and Fe oxides are mixed with jasper and have replaced the limestone. Above the breccia...In these basins, the Mn oxides, Fe oxides, and jasper facies show a strong zonation similar to that observed...unidirectional fractures, with manganese oxides and jasper within stratification structures, replacing and
Journal (article/letter/editorial)
This article was downloaded by: [University of Arizona] On: 01 February 2015, At: 22:16 Publisher: Taylor...STANDPOINT A. V. Avdeyev Downloaded by [University of Arizona] at 22:16 01 February 2015 Translated from: "Ofiolitovyye...rights reserved. Downloaded by [University of Arizona] at 22:16 01 February 2015 INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY...Lesser Karatau Range. Downloaded by [University of Arizona] at 22:16 01 February 2015 Equally characteristic...cyclical bodies of brown, green-brown, and red jasper-like siliceous-tuffite or tuffitic-siliceous rocks
Journal (article/letter/editorial)
20th of odd months. Downloaded by [University of Arizona] at 16:12 24 August 2017 EXCHANGES FOSSILS I...Dallas 14, Texas. Downloaded by [University of Arizona] at 16:12 24 August 2017 GEMSTONES RARE, CUT GEM...piece guaranteed for fortifications. Postpaid in USA. The Breitweisers, 510-B N. Division, Powell, Wyo...pounds of nicely polished tumbled agate, jasper, etc., postpaid in USA for only $5.00. George W. Owens, 150...FOR SALE — Turquoise in the rough GEODES FROM ARIZONA—Generally QUARTZ CRYSTAL—Unusual groups and quartz
Report (chapter)
geological conservation: with case studies from the USA, Canada and Great Britain B A R R Y A. T H O M A...of conservation policy in many countries. In the USA, Canada and Great Britain this need was emphasized...the way in which this arose in Great Britain, the USA and Canada. In all three countries, the history of...(see Andrews 1980 for biographic details). The USA While Bell was working in Nova Scotia, the United...westward expansion of the United States, California, Arizona and New Mexico were taken from Mexico in 1848.
Journal (issue)
JASPER ORBS: Formation of Unique Features Turquoise Mining ROCK & GEM • Vol. 49 No. 06 • U.S. $5.99...Cripple Creek, Colorado; a specimen of Morrisonite jasper. Clint Cross and Joe Dehmer Be Part of the Rock...smokers, which is no easy task. Fortunately, in Arizona, we know of at least one deposit, the state’s richest...Extension (UVX) mines on Cleopatra Hill, Jerome, Arizona, were the richest metallic deposits ever found...hear all about Bisbee, Morenci, Ajo, and other Arizona mines because the quantity of collector minerals
Journal (issue)
Nevada and Arizona—Matt Phillips will show pictures of the Grand Canyon and Sedona, Arizona taken during...striated horizontally. 6 "Drusy" Quartz, Missouri, USA Denise Bicknell Collection THE BACKBENDER'S GAZETTE...Herkimer and Montgomery Counties area of New York, USA. Austria, Switzerland, and Germany have produced...common from alpine San Bernardino County, California, USA Denise Bicknell collection localities. Amethyst is...Maine, North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Arizona. Another famous North American locality is along
Journal (issue)
TRIPS: www.rockngem.com Fluorescent Rocks in Arizona Gold Panning in Northern California RG_Blue_cover_0114...in downtown Dallas Three collecting spots in Arizona by Ed Winbourne by Bob Jones Quest for Native...RockAndGem@pcspublink.com Rock & Gem 12/3/13 1:03 PM ARIZONA MINERAL & FOSSIL SHOW TM Diamond Crystals Watercolor...September 2013 article “Blackfoot Canyon Agate and Jasper” (p. 52, top). He very nearly hit the proverbial...com; Web site: www. gemfaire.com 3-12—QUARTZSITE, ARIZONA: Annual show; Tyson Wells Enterprises Inc.; Tyson
Book (volume)
Wyoming VOLUME 4: THE SOUTHWESTERN QUADRANT Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Louisiana, Nevada...Abbreviations and Mineral Location Numbers Arizona Arkansas California Colorado 258 Louis B30...Let’s take, as an example, under the heading of Arizona, on the map of Maricopa County, the site x How...ow) Vera 4d = Pe: tne Prone aed Pall ; ARIZONA Statewide total of 235 locations in the following...(25) Yuma (26) 2 Arizona COCONINO COCHY SE ee COLLECTING SITES IN ARIZONA (FOR SPECIFIC LOCATIONS
Journal (issue)
January 2015 Display until 2/10/2015 PRINTED IN USA RG_Panning_cover_0115.indd 2 12/5/14 10:27 AM ...gemfaire.com” http://www.gemfaire.com 9-11—MESA, ARIZONA: Annual show; Flagg Mineral Foundation, Mesa Community...http://www.gemfaire.com JAN. 29 – FEB.15—TUCSON, ARIZONA: Annual show; Eons Expos, LLLP, 22nd Street Show...gemfaire.com JA N . 31- F E B . 14 —T U C S O N , ARIZONA: Wholesale and retail show; Martin Zinn Expositions...mzexpos.com JA N . 31- F E B . 14 —T U C S O N , ARIZONA: Wholesale and retail show; Martin Zinn Expositions
Journal (issue)
Oregon, Nevada Carrasite Jasper Cripple Creek Picture Jasper Hidden Valley Jasper Lost Rabbit Thunderegg...purchase. Lava Cap Thundereggs Carrasite Jasper Charlie’s Pride Jasper Lost Rabbit Thunderegg We are working...995 00 complete Free shipping in continent USA Made in USA Grit Sizes 60 to 200,000 1.0" hole with...with 3/4", 5/8" & 1/2" bushings Our made in USA soft wheels will last you 3-4 times longer than imported...Carlos Apache tribal lands of Arizona, just a few miles east of Globe, Arizona, is one of the richest, perhaps
Journal (issue)
Pictures in Patterns and Textures www.rockngem.com ARIZONA AMETHYST Purple Gems from Four Peaks red_cover_0314...February and March by Kenneth H. Rohn Four Peaks, Arizona, Amethyst............... 28 Purple gems at 7,000...part of the rock-collecting scene in the Tucson, Arizona, area for many years. She was present for the first...she took geology courses at the University of Arizona and could identify almost any mineral you presented...design required small slices of Burro Creek jasper, red jasper, sodalite and feldspar. Narrow slices of
Journal (issue)
Steve Voynkk a gem d posit Panguitch Agates and Jasper 48 A prolific collecting ite in Utah by Kenneth...Gcori:::ja the Rambeau Mine in \\ 1SCOt\Sln; Ray Mme tn Arizona the Mam moth SL 1tne I 1i Antho chrosnc speamem.... _,,..,It TIICMll ■ 100&. other noteworthy Arizona wutfemt Ii e those from the south of Tu • and the...Cloud. Defiance wulfcnncs, with a host of other Arizona w me 16 www.rockng m.com UI lh Sweet Home Mine...Jewelry, Rough &Cut Gemstone, Turquoise, Agate, Jasper, Petrified Wood, Cabs, Mineral Specimens, New
Journal (article/letter/editorial)
Tremolite xls., copper, mica, specular hematite, jasper, goethite, massive pyrite. W h a t have you? Lewis...Calif. DO YOU LIKE RED? Red plume, red moss, red jasper, dollar a square inch. Do you like crystals? You...material, palmwood, ÂĄasp-agate, "chapinite" and jasper. Shipped, mixed, 100 lbs., $10.50. Sample, $2.50...Death Valley onyx, Panamint Valley onyx, lavic-jasper, "chapinite," travertine (green), palmwood, ÂĄasp-agate...pounds of nicely polished tumbled agate, jasper, etc., postpaid in USA for only $5.00. George W. Owens, 150
Report (issue)
that comprise the Supai Group of Grand Canyon, Arizona UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE,...the geological history of the Grand Canyon of Arizona a monumental task and a truly remarkable record...the Toroweap and Kaibab Formations of northern Arizona and southern Utah: Carnegie Institution of Washington... History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona: Geological Society of America Memoir 114, 726...Railroad under Lt. A. W. Whipple, traversed northern Arizona in 1853-54. Marcou did not see Grand Canyon, but
Book (volume)
...........................................13 Arizona ............................................................................................14 Arizona – Apache Co. Mining Districts ..............................................................22 Arizona County Map .................................................................................23 Arizona – Cochise Co. Mining Districts .............................................................24 Arizona – Northern half of Coconino Co. Mining Districts
Report (issue)
DEPOSITS OF ARIZONA AND THE SOUTHWEST Arizona Geological Society and the University of Arizona 1986 Symposium...Ancha-Tonto BasinMazatzal Mountains Area. Central Arizona March 17-19, 1986 Leaders: C. Conway and C. Wrucke...G.S.) Coordinators: P. Swift ARIZONA GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY TUCSON, ARIZONA Cover preparation by Beverly...Volume XVI ARIZONA GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY P.O. BOX 40952, UNIVERSITY STATION TUCSON, ARIZONA 85719 To: ...Field Trip Participants Welcome to Arizona and the 1986 Arizona Geological Society Symposium "Frontiers
Journal (issue)
In-Depth By Steve Voynick By Richard Gross 31 How Jasper Varieties are Formed By Bob Jones 50 SUBSCRIPTION...and experienced hobbyists alike to understand how jasper and obsidian are formed plus a review of their...Agate, Pride Pit Jasper, Carrasite Jasper, Hidden Valley Jasper and Moonshine Jasper. We own and mine...slabs and rough. Hidden Valley Jasper Carrasite Jasper Moonshine Jasper Pink Lady Plume Agate We are...Moss Drive, P.O. Box 740252 Houston Texas, TX 77074 USA Tel : +1 832 641 5014 ; +234 803 715 8372 Fax : +1
Journal (issue)
MINERALS OF TSUMEB 0 2> SPECl'ACULAR JASPER. 74470 02033 2 -----~ALPHA Suoolv. Inc. Toll Free:...Park Gem & Mineral Show Feb 2 - 17, 2002 Tucson Arizona 273 page Catalog Featurin g over 15,000 brand...ckground of azurite and malachite. All" are from Arizona. (Photo by Earl Lewis) How do you know what you're...Vent ura, CA 93006. aM .;t1d.:1C.'1 · Enjoying Jasper .:I maJ!.n? off.ces. Smj !e•COP/ price ~ .99....SOAPSTONE - Salmon-Cream Color, Kenya PETRIFIED WOOD • Arizona : 30 lb.-80 lb. size (100 lb. min .) Inv. #84090
Book
on the gem materials forming the quartz group. jasper, The information contained experience of the author...that their gems will the agate varieties, are jasper, petrified rarity wood, ehrysoprase, tigereye...inclusions. Another example of a Chinese carved agate jasper, snuff bottle. It is a brecciated or conglomeration...hence its numerous names: iaspisachates [agate-jasper J, cerachates [chalcedony], smaragdachates day...agate], haemachates [red agate or agate with red jasper veins or spots], [chalcedony], and dendra- leucachates
Journal (issue)
Onyx ·Kernite Moonstone Wonderstone Pyrophyllite Jasper " Turitella" Agate •c0quimbite Sunstone Marcasite...Dlopslde Enstatlte Actlnollte Barkevikite Chert Jasper Braccia Pumice Perthite Nephellne Hornblende Mica... WALL HANGER AND MOUNTING HARDWARE, POSTPAID IN USA. WHOLESALE QUANTITY PRICES AVAILABLE. TRANSISTOR... 10, 11 and 12 at the Marriott Hotel, Tucson, Arizona . The event will be a sale and exhibit of lapidary...QUARTZSITE POW WOW February 2-7, 1977 Quartzsite, Arizona ALL NEW 77 A CATALOG AVAILABLE Contains 200 pages
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are Š OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 26, 2024 04:19:50
Go to top of page