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Llechwedd Helyg Mine (Willow Bank Mine), Pen-bont Rhydybeddau, Trefeirig, Ceredigion, Wales, UKi
Regional Level Types
Llechwedd Helyg Mine (Willow Bank Mine)Mine (Abandoned)
Pen-bont Rhydybeddau- not defined -
Trefeirig- not defined -
CeredigionCounty
WalesCountry
UKCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
52° 26' 43'' North , 3° 56' 15'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
52.44541,-3.93770
GeoHash:
G#: gcm4q7kss
GRN:
N35W02
UK National Grid Reference:
SN683847
Type:
Mine (Abandoned) - last checked 2020
KΓΆppen climate type:
Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Capel Bangor256 (2017)5.2km
Bow Street1,572 (2017)6.1km
Borth1,269 (2017)9.0km
Penparcau3,088 (2011)10.4km
Aberystwyth18,749 (2017)10.4km
Mindat Locality ID:
4281
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:4281:2
GUID (UUID V4):
565847a3-daa0-4e63-bae2-c2ff145c6799
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Dyfed; Cardiganshire


Llechwedd Helyg mine developed a section of the Camdwr fault system, which is recorded as being up to 9 metres wide here. The mine was worked before 1853 when it was reopened. The mine continued to be worked until 1862, with only 3 tons of lead ore being recorded for this 10 year period.
The mine produced some of mid-Wales best examples of malachite, for a short time from the dumps.

Jan 2020. I have confirmed with Ceredigion Country Council Highways that the footpath is still active and open to the public. I have left it with the council to contact the landowners about the missing signage and the fact that the landowners first off denied there was a footpath despite the fact it is shown on the up to date O.S. map I had in my hand and then told me the footpath was closed.

The site straddles a westward flowing stream that issues from the portal to a level on the far east of the site. There are prominent dumps along the north bank of the stream. However, the majority of the mineralised material appears to be in the rock dump beside the footpath in the south-west corner of the site. Jan, 2020.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


36 valid minerals.

Paragenesis


Vein Supergene
Goethite
Chrysocolla
Malachite
Cerussite
Pyromorphite
Wulfenite

Dump Supergene 1
Covellite
Malachite
Brochantite
Schmiederite
Linarite
Cerussite
Langite

Dump supergene 2
Caledonite
Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)
Susannite
Mattheddleite
Unnamed (Pb Silicate) ?
Elyite
Hydrocerussite

Dump Supergene 3
Covellite
Anglesite
Cerussite
Caledonite
Susannite
Redgillite
Hydrocerussite

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Anglesite
Formula: PbSO4
Habit: Blocky
Colour: Colourless-yellow
Description: Colourless xls to 0.7mm.
β“˜ Aurichalcite ?
Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Habit: Thin crusts
Colour: Light blue
β“˜ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Habit: Massive
Description: Found in polished ore samples
β“˜ Bournonite
Formula: PbCuSbS3
Habit: Massive
Fluorescence: None
Description: Found in thin section studys
β“˜ Brochantite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Habit: Rounded platy
Colour: Emerald green
Fluorescence: None
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Habit: Massive
Colour: Whiteish
Fluorescence: Faintly red
β“˜ Caledonite
Formula: Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
Habit: Acicular
Colour: Pale blue
Fluorescence: None
Description: Light blue xls to 0.5mm, associated with susannite.
β“˜ Cerussite
Formula: PbCO3
Habit: Various
Colour: Colourless-white
β“˜ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
Habit: Massive, veinlets
Colour: Metallic grey
Fluorescence: None
β“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Habit: Massive
Colour: Yellow metallic brassy
Fluorescence: None
β“˜ Chenite
Formula: Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6
Habit: Platy
Colour: Pale light blue
Fluorescence: None
Description: Platy very light blue xl groups to 1.5mm (XRD), associated with caledonite.
β“˜ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Habit: Botryoidal crusts
Colour: Pale blue
β“˜ Covellite
Formula: CuS
Habit: Tiny platy crystals
Colour: Metallic indego blue
βœͺ Elyite
Formula: Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O
Habit: Bladed, and lath like
Colour: Purple
Fluorescence: None
Description: Purple lath like xls to 1mm, associated with an unknown Cu mineral.
References:
S Rust collection
β“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
Habit: Cubo-octahedral crystals, Massive
Colour: Lead Grey
Fluorescence: None
Description: Galena from this has been shown to contain up to 14oz of silver per ton (UKJMM No3 pp25)
β“˜ Goethite
Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Habit: Crusts
Colour: Various shades of red-brown
β“˜ Gold
Formula: Au
Habit: Massive
Colour: Gold
Fluorescence: None
Description: Found as micron spots in polished ore samples.
β“˜ Hydrocerussite
Formula: Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Habit: Foileated crusts
Colour: White-creamy
β“˜ Hydrozincite
Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Habit: Thin Crusts
Colour: White
Fluorescence: Whiteish blue
β“˜ Lanarkite ?
Formula: Pb2(SO4)O
References:
S. Rust collection
β“˜ Langite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Habit: Pseudohexagonal platy
Colour: Deep blue-green
Fluorescence: None
β“˜ 'Limonite'
Habit: Massive
β“˜ Linarite
Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Habit: Tabular, bladed
Colour: Azure blue
Fluorescence: None
β“˜ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Habit: Radial fibrous
Colour: Green
Description: Fibrous masses to 4.5cms were once found in the dumps.
β“˜ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
Habit: Massive
β“˜ Mattheddleite
Formula: Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)
Habit: Tiny prismtic
Colour: Colourless
Description: Druse crusts to 3mm
References:
S Rust collection
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Habit: Cubes, massive
β“˜ Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
β“˜ Pyromorphite
Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl
Habit: Typical crystal forms
Colour: Yellow
Fluorescence: None
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Habit: Massive, typical crystal habits
Colour: Colourless-white
Fluorescence: None
βœͺ Redgillite
Formula: Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O
Habit: Lath-like
Colour: Light green
βœͺ Schmiederite
Formula: Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
Habit: Balls, and botryoidal crusts
Colour: Light blue
Fluorescence: None
Description: Balls to 0.7mm, 1st UK occurrence
References:
S Rust collection
β“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
Habit: Massive
Colour: Brown
Fluorescence: None
βœͺ Steverustite
Formula: Pb2+5(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2
References:
S. Rust collection
β“˜ Susannite
Formula: Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Habit: Tabular pseudohexagonal
Colour: Colourless
References:
S Rust collection
βœͺ 'Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)'
Formula: Pb, Cu, Si, O ?
Habit: Wispy to lath-like crystal groups to 2mm
Colour: From almost white to royal blue
Description: Found associated with caledonite, mattheddleite, and elyite
β“˜ Wroewolfeite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
β“˜ Wulfenite
Formula: Pb(MoO4)
Habit: Platy, tabular
Colour: Orange to yellow
Description: Xls to 5mm

Gallery:

Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6β“˜ Caledonite
PbCO3β“˜ Cerussite
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2Oβ“˜ Langite
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2β“˜ Malachite
Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)β“˜ Mattheddleite
Pb5(PO4)3Clβ“˜ Pyromorphite
Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2Oβ“˜ Redgillite
Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4β“˜ Schmiederite
Pb2+5(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2β“˜ Steverustite
Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2β“˜ Susannite
Pb, Cu, Si, O ?β“˜ 'Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)'
Pb(MoO4)β“˜ Wulfenite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Gold1.AA.05Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
β“˜Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
β“˜Covellite2.CA.05aCuS
β“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
β“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
β“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
β“˜Marcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
β“˜Bournonite2.GA.50PbCuSbS3
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Goethite4.00.Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜Pyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
β“˜Cerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
β“˜Malachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
β“˜Hydrozincite5.BA.15Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
β“˜Aurichalcite ?5.BA.15(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
β“˜Hydrocerussite5.BE.10Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2
β“˜Susannite5.BF.40Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Anglesite7.AD.35PbSO4
β“˜Brochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
β“˜Caledonite7.BC.50Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
β“˜Schmiederite7.BC.65Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
β“˜Linarite7.BC.65PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
β“˜Chenite7.BC.70Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜Lanarkite ?7.BD.40Pb2(SO4)O
β“˜Wroewolfeite7.DD.10Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Langite7.DD.10Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Redgillite7.DD.70Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 Β· H2O
β“˜Elyite7.DF.65Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 Β· H2O
β“˜Wulfenite7.GA.05Pb(MoO4)
β“˜Steverustite7.JA.10Pb2+5(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
β“˜Pyromorphite8.BN.05Pb5(PO4)3Cl
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Mattheddleite9.AH.25Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)
β“˜Chrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 Β· nH2O, x < 1
Unclassified
β“˜'Limonite'-
β“˜'Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)'-Pb, Cu, Si, O ?

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Hβ“˜ CaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
Hβ“˜ ChenitePb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hβ“˜ ElyitePb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O
Hβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Hβ“˜ HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hβ“˜ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ MattheddleitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)
Hβ“˜ SchmiederitePb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
Hβ“˜ SusannitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ WroewolfeiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ RedgilliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O
Hβ“˜ SteverustitePb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ CaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
Cβ“˜ CerussitePbCO3
Cβ“˜ HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cβ“˜ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cβ“˜ SusannitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ AnglesitePbSO4
Oβ“˜ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ CaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
Oβ“˜ CerussitePbCO3
Oβ“˜ ChenitePb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oβ“˜ ElyitePb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O
Oβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Oβ“˜ HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oβ“˜ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ LanarkitePb2(SO4)O
Oβ“˜ LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ MattheddleitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)
Oβ“˜ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Oβ“˜ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ SchmiederitePb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
Oβ“˜ SusannitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ WroewolfeiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
Oβ“˜ RedgilliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O
Oβ“˜ Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)Pb, Cu, Si, O ?
Oβ“˜ SteverustitePb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siβ“˜ MattheddleitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)Pb, Cu, Si, O ?
PPhosphorus
Pβ“˜ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ AnglesitePbSO4
Sβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sβ“˜ BournonitePbCuSbS3
Sβ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Sβ“˜ CaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
Sβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sβ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Sβ“˜ ChenitePb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6
Sβ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Sβ“˜ ElyitePb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O
Sβ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sβ“˜ LanarkitePb2(SO4)O
Sβ“˜ LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Sβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Sβ“˜ MattheddleitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sβ“˜ SusannitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Sβ“˜ WroewolfeiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ RedgilliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O
Sβ“˜ SteverustitePb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ MattheddleitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)
Clβ“˜ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
MnManganese
Mnβ“˜ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
FeIron
Feβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Feβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cuβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuβ“˜ BournonitePbCuSbS3
Cuβ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cuβ“˜ CaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
Cuβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuβ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuβ“˜ ChenitePb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6
Cuβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuβ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Cuβ“˜ ElyitePb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O
Cuβ“˜ LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Cuβ“˜ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Cuβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuβ“˜ SchmiederitePb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
Cuβ“˜ WroewolfeiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Cuβ“˜ RedgilliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O
Cuβ“˜ Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)Pb, Cu, Si, O ?
Cuβ“˜ SteverustitePb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2
ZnZinc
Znβ“˜ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Znβ“˜ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Znβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
SeSelenium
Seβ“˜ SchmiederitePb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
MoMolybdenum
Moβ“˜ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
SbAntimony
Sbβ“˜ BournonitePbCuSbS3
AuGold
Auβ“˜ GoldAu
PbLead
Pbβ“˜ AnglesitePbSO4
Pbβ“˜ BournonitePbCuSbS3
Pbβ“˜ CaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
Pbβ“˜ CerussitePbCO3
Pbβ“˜ ChenitePb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6
Pbβ“˜ ElyitePb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O
Pbβ“˜ GalenaPbS
Pbβ“˜ HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Pbβ“˜ LanarkitePb2(SO4)O
Pbβ“˜ LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Pbβ“˜ MattheddleitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)
Pbβ“˜ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Pbβ“˜ SchmiederitePb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
Pbβ“˜ SusannitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Pbβ“˜ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
Pbβ“˜ Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)Pb, Cu, Si, O ?
Pbβ“˜ SteverustitePb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

British and Irish IslesGroup of Islands
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent

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