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Breithauptite

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Cobalt area, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada
© JF Carpentier 2007

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Formula:
NiSb
System:HexagonalColour:Copper-red with a violet ...
Hardness:5½
Member of:Nickeline Group
Name:
After the Saxon mineralogist Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt (1791-1873).


Nickeline Group

Classification of Breithauptite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/C.20-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.CC.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:2.8.11.2

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.11.36

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
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Type Occurrence of Breithauptite

Type Locality:St Andreasberg, St Andreasberg District, Harz Mts, Lower Saxony, Germany
Year of Discovery:1840

Occurrences of Breithauptite

Geological Setting:In hydrothermal veins associated with other nickle and cobalt arsenides.

Physical Properties of Breithauptite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Copper-red with a violet tint
Streak:Reddish brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):7.591 - 8.23 g/cm3
Density (calculated):8.629 g/cm3

Crystallography of Breithauptite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:P63/mmc {P63/m 2/m 2/c}
Cell Parameters:a = 3.946Å, c = 5.148Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.305
Unit Cell Volume:V 69.42 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Thin tabular, arborescent, disseminated, massive
Twinning:Twin plane {1011}
Crystal Atlas:
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Breithauptite - Tabular {001}

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Optical Data of Breithauptite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:noticeable in oil and air
Pleochroism:Visible

Chemical Properties of Breithauptite

Formula:
NiSb
Essential elements:Ni, Sb
All elements listed in formula:Ni, Sb
Common Impurities:Fe,Co,As,S

Relationship of Breithauptite to other Species

Member of:Nickeline Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Achavalite
(Fe,Cu)Se
Freboldite
CoSe
Langisite
(Co,Ni)As
Nickeline
NiAs
Common Associates:
SilverNickelineCalcite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.CC.UM2007-26-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh
(Ir,Cu,Ni,Pt,Rh,Fe)
 
9
S
 
11
2.CC.05Achavalite
(Fe,Cu)Se
2.CC.05Freboldite
CoSe
2.CC.05Kotulskite
Pd(Te,Bi)
 
1-2
2.CC.05Langisite
(Co,Ni)As
2.CC.05Nickeline
NiAs
2.CC.05Sederholmite
beta-NiSe
2.CC.05Sobolevskite
PdBi
2.CC.05Stumpflite
Pt(Sb,Bi)
2.CC.05Sudburyite
(Pd,Ni)Sb
2.CC.05Jaipurite
CoS
2.CC.05Zlatogorite
NiCuSb
 
2
2.CC.10Pyrrhotite
Fe
 
1-x
S (x = 0 to 0.17)
2.CC.10Smythite
(Fe,Ni)
 
3+x
S
 
4
 (x=0-0.3)
2.CC.10Troilite
FeS
2.CC.15Cherepanovite
RhAs
2.CC.15Modderite
(Co,Fe)As
2.CC.15Ruthenarsenite
(Ru,Ni)As
2.CC.15Westerveldite
(Fe,Ni,Co)As
2.CC.20Millerite
NiS
2.CC.20Mäkinenite
γ-NiSe
2.CC.20UM1990-38-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh
(Ir,Pt,Ni,Fe)S
2.CC.25Mackinawite
(Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
2.CC.30Hexatestibiopanickelite
Ni(Te,Sb)
2.CC.30Vavřínite
Ni
 
2
SbTe
 
2
2.CC.35aBraggite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
2.CC.35bCooperite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
2.CC.35aVysotskite
(Pd,Ni)S
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
3.11.1Heazlewoodite
Ni
 
3
S
 
2
3.11.2Godlevskite
(Ni,Fe)
 
9
S
 
8
3.11.3Millerite
NiS
3.11.4Polydymite
Ni
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
3.11.5Vaesite
NiS
 
2
3.11.6Shandite
Ni
 
3
Pb
 
2
S
 
2
3.11.7Donharrisite
Ni
 
8
Hg
 
3
S
 
9
3.11.8Violarite
Fe
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
3.11.9Pentlandite
(Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
3.11.10Bravoite
(Fe,Ni)S
 
2
3.11.11Siegenite
CoNi
 
2
S
 
4
 -NiCo
 
2
S
 
4
3.11.12Fletcherite
Cu(Ni,Co)
 
2
S
 
4
3.11.13Villamaninite
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
 
2
3.11.14Mäkinenite
γ-NiSe
3.11.15Sederholmite
beta-NiSe
3.11.16Trüstedtite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
3.11.17Wilkmanite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
3.11.18Kullerudite
NiSe
 
2
3.11.19Penroseite
(Ni,Co,Cu)Se
 
2
3.11.20Tyrrellite
Cu(Co
3+
 
,Ni
3+
 
)
 
2
Se
 
4
3.11.21Imgreite
NiTe (?)
3.11.22Melonite
NiTe
 
2
3.11.23Kitkaite
NiTeSe
3.11.24Dienerite
3.11.25Orcelite
Ni
 
5-x
As
 
2
3.11.26Maucherite
Ni
 
11
As
 
8
3.11.27Nickeline
NiAs
3.11.28Rammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
3.11.29Pararammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
3.11.30Nickelskutterudite
NiAs
 
2-3
3.11.31Oregonite
Ni
 
2
FeAs
 
2
3.11.32Westerveldite
(Fe,Ni,Co)As
3.11.33Langisite
(Co,Ni)As
3.11.34Gersdorffite
NiAsS
3.11.35Jolliffeite
NiAsSe
3.11.38Ullmannite
NiSbS
3.11.39Willyamite
(Co,Ni)SbS

Other Names for Breithauptite

Synonyms:
Antimonnicke (of Stromeyer)Briethauptite (of Fröbel)
Other Languages:
German:Antimonnickel (of Stromeyer)
Breithauptit
Russian:Брейтгауптит
Simplified Chinese:红锑镍矿
Spanish:Breithauptita
Varieties:
Arite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Breithauptite

Reference List:

- +
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 238-239.

Economic Geology (1948): 43: 408.

Internet Links for Breithauptite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Breithauptite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Breithauptite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Jujuy
      • Aguilar district
    		Econ Geol (1992) 87:2085-2112; Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Ramdohr, P. (1950): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2(4), 291-333.
    Ramdohr, P. (1950): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2(4), 291-333.
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Nairne
    		No reference listed
    • Western Australia
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 72, pages 401-403, 1987
      • Pilbara Region
        • East Pilbara Shire
          • Nullagine
    		Nickel, E. H.; Hallbert, J. A.; Halligan, R. (1979): Unusual nickel mineralization at Nullagine, Western Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 26, 61-71.
      • Wiluna Shire
        • Mount Keith
    		Grguric, B.A. (2003) Minerals of the MKD5 nickel deposit, Mount Keith, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 9, No. 2 , pg. 55-71.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Radstadt
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    • Styria
      • Frohnleiten
        • Kirchdorf
    		Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2010): 1666) Ein vorläufiger Bericht über seltene Ni- und Cr-Mineralien vom Kirchdorftunnel der Brucker Schnellstraße, Steiermark. Pp. 250-252 in Niedermayr et al. (2010): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LIX. Carinthia II, 200./120., 199-260.
      • Leoben
    		Meixner, H. (1959): Kraubather Lagerstättenstudien. V. Die Nickelmineralisation im Kraubather Serpentingebiet. - Berg- und Hüttenmännische Mh. 104, 83-87; Aufschluss 1972(SB), 80-83
      • Schladming
        • Schladminger Tauern Mts
          • Obertalbach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2008); Pribitzer, F. (1956): Die Minerallagerstätte Zinkwand bei Schladming in Steiermark (Österreich). Aufschluss, 7 (3), 59-63.
      • Weiz
    		Reiter, D. & Weber, L. (2005): Zur Charakterisierung primärer und sekundärer Vererzungen der Blei-Zinkerzlagerstätte von Arzberg (Steiermark). Joannea - Geologie und Paläontologie, 7, 25-42.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Lynn Lake
    		No reference listed
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Itchen Lake
    		Canadian Mineralogist (1984) 22, 493-498
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
    		Canadian Mineralogist (1971): 10: 128
      • Sudbury District
        • McKim Township
          • Sudbury
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 511.
        • Snider Township
    		No reference listed
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		ontariominerals.com
        • Sibley Township
          • Silver Islet
    		[MinRec 17:59]
      • Timiskaming District
        • Cobalt-Gowganda region
    		No reference listed
            • Coleman Township
    		ontariominerals.com
    Sergiades, A.O., Silver Cobalt Calcite Vein Deposits of Ontario, 1968
    ontariominerals.com
    geological survey of canada paper 73-13
    R.Mielke
    Van King
    the Canadian Mineralogist V 11 Part 1 1971
    Sabina, Ann P., 2000. Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Cobalt-Belleterre-Timmins, Ontario and Quebec, GSC. Miscellaneous Report 57, 266 p.
              • Silver Miller Mines (Brady Lake property)
    		Sabina, Ann P., 2000. Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Cobalt-Belleterre-Timmins, Ontario and Quebec, GSC. Miscellaneous Report 57, 266 p.
    Sabina, Ann P., 2000. Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Cobalt-Belleterre-Timmins, Ontario and Quebec, GSC. Miscellaneous Report 57, 266 p.
    Sabina, Ann P., 2000. Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Cobalt-Belleterre-Timmins, Ontario and Quebec, GSC. Miscellaneous Report 57, 266 p.
          • Gowganda area
            • Nichol Township
    		Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-13
          • South Lorrain Township
    		geological survey of canada paper 73-13
    • Québec
      • Centre-du-Québec
        • Arthabaska RCM
          • Saints-Martyrs-Canadiens
    		Min. Rec. 27, 133
      • Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine
        • La Haute-Gaspésie RCM
          • Mont-Albert
    		Girard, P. (1971)
    • Yukon Territory
      • Whitehorse Mining District
        • Kluane District
    		Can. Min. Special Publication 6; Barkov, A.Y., Laflamme, J.H.G., Cabri, L.J., and Martin, R.F. (2002) Platinum-group minerals from the Wellgreen Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 651-669.
    China
     
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.)
    		Minqing Cheng, Yuchun Yang, Fuyi Jia, Qingshan Yang, Guifang Zhao, Cunchang Wang, and Sen Huang (1993): Geology and Prospecting 29(7), 35-39
    • Yunnan Province
      • Pu'er Prefecture
        • Mojiang Co.
    		Yuan Li (1998): Geology and Prospecting 34(5), 28-32
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    Finland
     
    • Oulu Province
      • Vihanti
    		No reference listed
    • Western Finland Province
    		American Mineralogist (1977): 62: 1059-1060.
    Geological Survey of Finland website
    France
     
    • Aquitaine
      • Pyrénées-Atlantiques
        • Eaux-Bonnes
    		[var: Arite] No reference listed
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
        • Argelès-Gazost
          • Pierrefitte
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1 (1990)
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Saint-Etienne-de-Tinée
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4, Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
    R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4, Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
    		French BRGM data
      • Savoie
        • La Lauzière massif
          • Montchabert
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2000). La Lauzière : les espèces minérales, Savoie, France. Le Règne Minéral hors-série n°6, pp. 24-39. Editions du Piat.
    DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2000). La Lauzière : les espèces minérales, Savoie, France. Le Règne Minéral hors-série n°6, pp. 24-39. Editions du Piat.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wieden
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Frohnbach valley
    		[var: Arite] Frank Keutsch collection
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Braunlage
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • St Andreasberg District
    		Haidinger W (1845) Zweite Klasse: Geogenide. XIII. Ordnung. Kiese. I. Nickelkies. Breithauptit., in Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie Bei Braumüller and Seidel Wien 559-562
    No reference listed
    own collection
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Meschede
          • Bestwig
            • Nuttlar
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Kirchheimbolanden
        • Imsbach
    		Lapis, 9 (5), 36-39.
      • Lahn valley
        • Bad Ems District
          • Bad Ems
    		Ramdohr, P., (1975): Die Erzminerale und ihre Verwachsungen, p. 671, Stuttgart
      • Obermoschel
    		Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Vogtland
        • Oelsnitz
          • Schönbrunn
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Gröbner, J. and Kolitsch, U. (2007): The minerals of the uranium prospect at Tirpersdorf, Vogtland. Lapis 32, 37-42; 58. (in German)
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
    		[Mineralogical Record - Vol 24 No 2]
          • Tunugdliarfik Firth (Eriksfjord)
    		Soerensen, H. (1962): On the occurence of Steenstrupine in the Ilimaussaq massif, southwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
    India
     
    • Karnataka
    		Safonov, Yu.G. et al (1984) Journal of the Geological Society of India, 25, 33, 145-154.
    • Rajasthan (Rajputana)
      • Ajmer Division
        • Bhilwara District
    		Höller, W., and Gandhi, S.M. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 60, 99-119.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Kerry
      • Killarney
        • Lough Leane
    		Ixer, R.A. 2004. Catalogue of Petrographic Descriptions for Rock and Ore Samples, Ross Island Mine. In: O'Brien, W. ed. Ross Island - Mining, Metal and Society in Early Ireland. Bronze Age Studies 6, Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway, 768pp.
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
    		Prete, R. (1995): L'amiantifera di S. Vittore, Balangero, Torino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1995, 313-333.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Muravera
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi G., (1993): Sarrabus Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", 208 pp.
        • San Vito
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R. & Brizzi, G. (1993). Sarrabus. Miniere e minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Miner. Paleont. e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gr. Mineral. Paleont. Piacentino, Gr. Mineral. Cremonese, Gr. Liguria, 210 pp.
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.; Stara, P., Rizzo, R. & Brizzi, G. (1993). Sarrabus. Miniere e minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Miner. Paleont. e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gr. Mineral. Paleont. Piacentino, Gr. Mineral. Cremonese, Gr. Liguria, 210 pp.
    "Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Fluminimaggiore
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2°, 192 pp.
        • Iglesias
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Arbus
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2, 192 pp.
        • Gonnosfanadiga
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2°, 239 pp.
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2°, 239 pp.
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2, 192 pp.
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2°, 239 pp.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Bolzano Province (South Tyrol)
        • Isarco Valley (Eisack Valley)
          • Ridanna Valley (Ridnaun Valley)
    		Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
          • Yabu City
            • Oya-cho-Natsume
    		[var: Arite] Takeo Kato: "Two Types of Nickeliferous Pyrrhotite Deposits Found in Korea." (9 pp)
        • Kyoto Prefecture
    		Agata (1973) Sanko-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, B30.
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Vegårshei
    		Naik, M.S. (1975): Silver sulphosalts in galena from Espeland, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift, 55: 185-189
    • Nordland
      • Ballangen
    		Karup-Møller, S. (1973): A giessenite-cosalite-galena-bearing mineral suite from the Bjørkåsen sulphide deposit at Ofoten in Northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 53: 41-64
      • Fauske
        • Sulitjelma
          • Sulitjelma Cu Mines
    		Cook, N. J. (1996): Mineralogy of the sulphide deposits at Sulitjelma, northern Norway. Ore Geology Reviews 11: 303-308
    Cook, N. J. (1996): Mineralogy of the sulphide deposits at Sulitjelma, northern Norway. Ore Geology Reviews 11: 303-308
      • Hemnes
        • Bleikvassli
    		Vokes (1963, pp. 61-62); Neumann (1985, p. 28).; Cook, N.J., Spry, P.G., and Vokes, F.M. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 34, 35-56.
      • Rana
    		Saager (1967); Neumann (1985, p. 28).
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Putoran Plateau
            • Noril'sk
    		Gritsenko, Y.D., and Spiridonov, E.M. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(7), 590-598.; Geology of Ore Deposits (2009) 50:755-762
              • Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit
    		Gritsenko, Y.D., and Spiridonov, E.M. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(7), 590-598.
      • Tuva Republic
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Khabarovskiy Kray
        • Komsomolski ore District
    		No reference listed
      • Magadanskaya Oblast'
        • Kolyma River Basin
          • Omchak gold field
    		Goryachev, N.A., Vikent’eva, O.V., Bortnikov, N.S., Prokof’ev, V.Y., Alpatov, V.A., and Golub, V.V. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(5), 362-390.
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Adygea (Adygeya) Republic
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Pechengsky District
    		Abzalov, M.Z., and Both, R.A. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 61, 119-143.
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Karabash (Karabasch)
            • Soimon Valley
    		Gritsenko, Y.D., and Spiridonov, E.M. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(7), 590-598.
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Prepolar Ural
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
          • Khanty-Mansi (Khanty Mansiysk) Okrug
            • Saranpaul
    		[MinRec 30:465]
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Poltár Co.
    		Maťo,Ľ., Maťová, 1994: Mineralizácia v okolí Ozdína, výskyt zlata s obsahom Sb-Ni v tmavých bridliciach, JZ časti veporského kryštalinika (stredné Slovensko). Min.Slovaca, 26,1,30 – 37
    • Košice Region
      • Spišská Nová Ves Co.
    		Ďuďa R., Peterec D., 1995 : Die Mineralien der siderit - baryt lagersttäte von Rudňany ( Kotterbach ) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern/, 1, s.20 - 31
    • Prešov Region
      • Prešov Co.
    		Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Lleida (Lérida)
        • Aran Valley
          • Naut Aran
    		Mata-Perelló (1990) "Els minerals de Catalunya" Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona: 441p
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • Falset
    		MTI Mineralogía Topográfica Ibérica, 2009
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
      • Vilhelmina
    		Juve, Gunnar (1974) - Ore mineralogy and ore types of the Stekenjokk deposit, Central Scandinavian Caledonides, Sweden. SGU ser C 706.
    • Närke
      • Askersund
        • Zinkgruvan
    		Andersen, C. (2009): The mineralcomposition of the Burkland Cu-sulphide deposit at Zinkgruvan, Sweden- a supplementary study:Examensarbeten i Geologi vid Lunds Universitet- Bergrundsgeologi NR 249, 41 p
    • Östergötland
      • Finspång
        • Doverstorp ore field
    		Zakrzewski et al (1982): Can.Min. 20, 281-290
    • Södermanland
      • Nyköping
        • Långsjön
    		NJMMh 1982, 201
        • Tunaberg
    		Dobbe, R. T. M. (1991): Ullmannite, cobaltian ullmannite and willyamite from Tunaberg, Bergslagen, central Sweden, The Canadian Mineralogist. 29, 199-205; EurJMin 5, 165
    Dobbe, R. T. M., Lustenhouwer, W. and Zakrzewski, M. A. (1994): Kieftite, CoSb3, a new member of the Skutterudite group from Tunaberg, Sweden. Canadian Mineralogist. 32, 179-183
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Långban district
    		Neues Jahrb.Mineral. Monatsch., 145-154
        • Persberg district
          • Gruvåsens mines
    		No reference listed
    • Västerbotten
      • Sandfors
    		No reference listed
    T. Wikström, thesis from Stockholm University
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
      • Lindesberg
    		No reference listed
      • Ljusnarsberg
        • Kopparberg
    		No reference listed
      • Sala
    		Kieft, C., Holmgren, J. & Eriksson, G.: (1987): The Silver-Mercury-Antimony minerals of Sala, Sweden. Canadian Mineralogist. 25 :647-658
    Tanzania
     
    • Tabora Region
      • Lake Victoria Goldfield
        • Nzega District
    		Vos, I.M.A. et al. (2009): The geology and mineralization at the Golden Pride gold deposit, Nzega Greenstone Belt, Tanzania. Mineralium Deposita 44, 751-764.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Potts Gill
    		No reference listed
    Tindle, A.G. (2008) Minerals of Britian and Ireland
    USA
     
    • California
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Coastal Range
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 66.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • East Hampton
          • Cobalt
    		Shepard (1864)
      • New Haven Co.
        • Seymour
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Verbeek, E.R. & Sutphin H.B., The Picking Table:31(1):2-5 (1990); Dunn(1995):Pt4:544.
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Kyzylkum Desert
      • Kokpatas Village
    		Mineraly Uzbekistana(Minerals of the Uzbekistan) - izd."FAN" UzbSSR-vol.1-4 - 1976-1977
    Mineral and/or Locality
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