Calumetite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Calumetite
Calumet, Michigan
Formula:
CaCu4(OH)8Cl2 · 3.5H2O
Colour:
Azure blue; Powder blue
Lustre:
Pearly
Hardness:
2
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by Sidney A. Williams in 1963 for the town of Calumet, Michigan, USA, near which it was first discovered.
This page provides mineralogical data about Calumetite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
870
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:870:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
134587d8-59b8-4729-bc48-553c4c96f251
IMA Classification of Calumetite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Cu4CaCl2(OH)8 · 4H2O
First published:
1963
Approval history:
Redefined by IMA 2019 as CaCu4(OH)8Cl2·3.5H2O (IMA proposal 18-C)
Classification of Calumetite
3.DA.40
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
6.2.5.1
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
8.2.8
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
2 : Halides of Cu
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
2 : Halides of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Clu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Calumetite
Pearly
Comment:
On basal cleavages
Colour:
Azure blue; Powder blue
Comment:
In masses: Brilliant azure blue inclining to powder blue
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Optical Data of Calumetite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.666 nβ = 1.690 nγ = 1.690
2V:
Measured: 2°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.024
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Chemistry of Calumetite
Mindat Formula:
CaCu4(OH)8Cl2 · 3.5H2O
Crystallography of Calumetite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cmcm
Setting:
Cmcm
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.653(1) Å, b = 15.034(3) Å, c = 6.611(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.443 : 1 : 0.44
Unit Cell V:
661.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Basal pinacoid {001} and first order prism {110}.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.50 Å | (10) |
| 3.76 Å | (5) |
| 3.42 Å | (3) |
| 3.30 Å | (3) |
| 3.02 Å | (6) |
| 2.481 Å | (8) |
| 2.341 Å | (3) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Geological Setting:
Corosion product of copper containing metals (ie Ramses ii stove in Cairo museum)
Type Occurrence of Calumetite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Occurs as spherules and sheaves of scaly crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 115870.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Copper deposit in basalt. The chlorine is thought to have been due to connate water.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Calumetite
Other Language Names for Calumetite
German:Calumetit
Spanish:Calumetita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 10 photos of Calumetite associated with Copper | Cu |
| 2 photos of Calumetite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Calumetite associated with Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 1 photo of Calumetite associated with Cuprite | Cu2O |
| 1 photo of Calumetite associated with Tenorite | CuO |
| 1 photo of Calumetite associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Calumetite associated with Centennialite | CaCu3Cl2(OH)6 · nH2O (n ~ 0.7) |
| 1 photo of Calumetite associated with Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| 1 photo of Calumetite associated with Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.DA. | Centennialite | CaCu3Cl2(OH)6 · nH2O (n ~ 0.7) |
| 3.DA. | Muonionalustaite | Ni3(OH)4Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA. | Parahibbingite | Fe2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA. | Bounahasite | Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2 |
| 3.DA.05 | Melanothallite | Cu2Cl2O |
| 3.DA.10a | Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10b | Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10b | Clinoatacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10a | Hibbingite | Fe2+2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10a | Kempite | Mn2+2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Kuliginite | Fe3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | Belloite | Cu(OH)Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Herbertsmithite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Kapellasite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Gillardite | Cu3Ni(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Haydeeite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Leverettite | Cu3Co(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Paratacamite-(Ni) | Cu3(Ni,Cu)(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Tondiite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Misakiite | Cu3Mn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | Iyoite | MnCuCl(OH)3 |
| 3.DA.10b | Unnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide) | CuZnCl(OH)3 |
| 3.DA.15 | Claringbullite | Cu4ClF(OH)6 |
| 3.DA.15 | Barlowite | Cu4BrF(OH)6 |
| 3.DA.20 | Simonkolleite | Zn5Cl2(OH)8 · H2O |
| 3.DA.25 | Buttgenbachite | Cu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.25 | Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| 3.DA.30 | Abhurite | Sn21Cl16(OH)14O6 |
| 3.DA.35 | Ponomarevite | K4Cu4Cl10O |
| 3.DA.40 | Anthonyite | Cu(OH,Cl)2 · 3H2O |
| 3.DA.45 | Khaidarkanite | Cu4Al3(OH)14F3 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.50 | Bobkingite | Cu5Cl2(OH)8 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.55 | Avdoninite | K2Cu5(OH)4Cl8 · H2O |
| 3.DA.60 | Droninoite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.70 | Chrysothallite | K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4 · H2O |
| 3.DA.70 | Dioskouriite | CaCu4Cl6(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.75 | Feodosiyite | Cu11Mg2Cl18(OH)8 · 16H2O |
| 3.DA.80 | Romanorlovite | K8Cu6Cl17(OH)3 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in cold, dilute acids but insoluble in ammonia and water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Calumetite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-870.html
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References for Calumetite
Localities for Calumetite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Bortnikov et al. (2006, July) |
Austria | |
| Schnorrer et al. (2008) |
Germany | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Blaß et al. (2015) |
| Blass et al. (2009) +2 other references |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss (2004) |
Greece | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
India | |
| Kumar et al. (2011) |
Italy | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin) |
USA (TL) | |
| Williams (1963) +1 other reference |
| Rosemeyer (2007) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Tom Rosemeyer collection |
| R&M 74:3 p160-176 |
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Xenolith CS-036, Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany