Reference: Shanker, R., Absar, A., Srivastave, G.C., Bajpai, I.P. (2000) A Case Study of Puga Geothermal System, Ladakh, India. New Zealand Geothermal Workshop.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Locality: Shang Sumdo région, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Trouvaille personnelle 07/2011. In my collection CLAUDE. jean Marie

ⓘ Cinnabar

Formula: HgS

Locality: Lotus Pond hot spring, Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Roy, C., Mondal, N., Peketi, A., Fernandes, S., Mapder, T., Volvoikar, S. P., ... & Ghosh, W. (2020). Geomicrobial dynamics of Trans-Himalayan sulfur–borax spring system reveals mesophilic bacteria’s resilience to high heat. Journal of Earth System Science, 129, 1-19.

ⓘ Colemanite

Formula: Ca[B₃O₄(OH)₃] · H₂O

Locality: Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Rathore, I.S. (2015) Exploration Potential and Economic Significance of Puga Valley Borax Deposit, Ladakh, India. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development 3:1, 191-195.

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Locality: Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Shanker, R., Absar, A., Srivastava, G.C., Bajpai, I.P. (2000) A Case Study of Puga Geothermal System, Ladakh, India. New Zealand Geothermal Workshop.

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Shanker, R., Absar, A., Srivastava, G.C., Bajpai, I.P. (2000) A Case Study of Puga Geothermal System, Ladakh, India. New Zealand Geothermal Workshop.

ⓘ Kernite

Formula: Na₂[B₄O₆(OH)₂] · 3H₂O

Locality: Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

ⓘ 'Limonite'

Locality: Shang Sumdo région, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Trouvaille personnelle 07/2011. In my collection CLAUDE. jean Marie

Quartz

Shang Sumdo région, Leh District, Ladakh, India

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Shang Sumdo région, Leh District, Ladakh, India
Lato-Miru-Upshi road, Leh District, Ladakh, India
Lotus Pond hot spring, Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Trouvaille personnelle 07/2011. In my collection CLAUDE. jean Marie

ⓘ Stibnite

Formula: Sb₂S₃

Locality: Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Shanker, R., Absar, A., Srivastava, G.C., Bajpai, I.P. (2000) A Case Study of Puga Geothermal System, Ladakh, India. New Zealand Geothermal Workshop.

Sulphur

Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

ⓘ Sulphur

Formula: S₈

Locality: Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

Reference: Trouvaille personnelle 07/2011. In my collection CLAUDE. jean Marie. Shanker, R., Absar, A., Srivastava, G.C., Bajpai, I.P. (2000) A Case Study of Puga Geothermal System, Ladakh, India. New Zealand Geothermal Workshop.

ⓘ Ulexite

Formula: NaCa[B₅O₆(OH)₆] · 5H₂O

Locality: Puga valley, Leh District, Ladakh, India

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Sulphur	1.CC.05	S₈
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Cinnabar	2.CD.15a	HgS
ⓘ	Stibnite	2.DB.05	Sb₂S₃
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
Group 6 - Borates
ⓘ	Borax	6.DA.10	Na₂(B₄O₅)(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Colemanite	6.CB.10	Ca[B₃O₄(OH)₃] · H₂O
ⓘ	Kernite	6.DB.05	Na₂[B₄O₆(OH)₂] · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Ulexite	6.EA.25	NaCa[B₅O₆(OH)₆] · 5H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Borax	Na₂(B₄O₅)(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Kernite	Na₂[B₄O₆(OH)₂] · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Ulexite	NaCa[B₅O₆(OH)₆] · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Colemanite	Ca[B₃O₄(OH)₃] · H₂O
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Borax	Na₂(B₄O₅)(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
B	ⓘ Kernite	Na₂[B₄O₆(OH)₂] · 3H₂O
B	ⓘ Ulexite	NaCa[B₅O₆(OH)₆] · 5H₂O
B	ⓘ Colemanite	Ca[B₃O₄(OH)₃] · H₂O
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Borax	Na₂(B₄O₅)(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Kernite	Na₂[B₄O₆(OH)₂] · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Ulexite	NaCa[B₅O₆(OH)₆] · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Colemanite	Ca[B₃O₄(OH)₃] · H₂O
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Borax	Na₂(B₄O₅)(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Na	ⓘ Kernite	Na₂[B₄O₆(OH)₂] · 3H₂O
Na	ⓘ Ulexite	NaCa[B₅O₆(OH)₆] · 5H₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Sulphur	S₈
S	ⓘ Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
S	ⓘ Cinnabar	HgS
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Ulexite	NaCa[B₅O₆(OH)₆] · 5H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Colemanite	Ca[B₃O₄(OH)₃] · H₂O
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
Hg	Mercury
Hg	ⓘ Cinnabar	HgS

Fossils

There are 6 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

Youngest Fossil Listed

33.9 Ma (Oligocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

296 Ma (Permian)

Stratigraphic Units

Unit	No. Occurrences	Age
Liyan	2	37.2 - 33.9 Ma (Paleogene)
Zozar	5	237 - 228 Ma (Late/Upper Triassic)
Kuling - Gungri	2	259.9 - 252.17 Ma (Permian)
Chumik - A	33	295.5 - 290.1 Ma (Permian)

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Paraconularia genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Staurozoa : Stauromedusae : Conulariidae : *Paraconularia*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Caryophyllia genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Caryophylliidae : *Caryophyllia*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Leptophyllaraea genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Haplaraeidae : *Leptophyllaraea*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parasmilia genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Caryophylliidae : *Parasmilia*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trocharea genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Microsolenidae : *Trocharea*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trochocyathus genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Caryophylliidae : *Trochocyathus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pseudoconocardium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bransoniidae : *Pseudoconocardium*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Parallelodon genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : *Parallelodon*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Stutchburia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Permophoridae : *Stutchburia*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Astartila genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : *Astartila*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Chaenomya genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : *Chaenomya*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Megadesmus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Megadesmidae : *Megadesmus*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Myonia (Pachymyonia) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Vacunellidae : Myonia : *Myonia (Pachymyonia)*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Dyscritella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Trepostomatida : Dyscritellidae : *Dyscritella*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Stenoscisma genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Stenoscismatidae : *Stenoscisma*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Fusispirifer genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Trigonotretidae : *Fusispirifer*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Spirelytha genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Elythidae : *Spirelytha*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Trigonotreta genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Trigonotretidae : *Trigonotreta*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Hoskingia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Beecheriidae : *Hoskingia*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Dictyoclostinae subfamily	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Productidae : Dictyoclostinae	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Thaumatoporella genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : *Thaumatoporella*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aulosmilia cuneiformis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Meandrinidae : Aulosmilia : *Aulosmilia cuneiformis*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Rennensismilia inflexa species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Meandrinidae : Rennensismilia : *Rennensismilia inflexa*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Chonetoidea superfamily	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Chonetoidea	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Reedoconcha permixta species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Aulostegidae : Reedoconcha : *Reedoconcha permixta*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Cyrtella nagmargensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Syringothyrididae : Cyrtella : *Cyrtella nagmargensis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Elivina tibetana species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Spiriferellidae : Elivina : *Elivina tibetana*	259.9 - 254.17 Ma Permian
Aviculopecten cunctatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Myalinidae : Aviculopecten : *Aviculopecten cunctatus*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Neospirifer kimsari species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Trigonotretidae : Neospirifer : *Neospirifer kimsari*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Balanophyllia caulifera species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dendrophylliidae : Balanophyllia : *Balanophyllia caulifera*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caryophyllia konincki species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Caryophylliidae : Caryophyllia : *Caryophyllia konincki*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ogilviastraea bigemmis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Agariciidae : Ogilviastraea : *Ogilviastraea bigemmis*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Vaughanoseris catadupensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Agariciidae : Vaughanoseris : *Vaughanoseris catadupensis*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trochosmilia camura species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Caryophylliidae : Trochosmilia : *Trochosmilia camura*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stacheoceras (Neostacheoceras) trimurti species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Goniatitida : Vidrioceratidae : Stacheoceras : *Stacheoceras (Neostacheoceras) trimurti*	259.9 - 254.17 Ma Permian
Tivertonia chumikensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Rugosochonetidae : Tivertonia : *Tivertonia chumikensis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Parallelodon brenensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Parallelodon : *Parallelodon brenensis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Neochonetes (Sommeriella) marpoensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Rugosochonetidae : Neochonetes : *Neochonetes (Sommeriella) marpoensis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Cayeuxia genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Bryopsidales : Halimedaceae : *Cayeuxia*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Zozariella stellata species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Trepostomatida : Zozariella : *Zozariella stellata*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Tebitopora orientalis species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cryptostomida : Nikiforovellidae : Tebitopora : *Tebitopora orientalis*	237 - 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Juxia sharamurenensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Paraceratheriidae : Juxia : *Juxia sharamurenensis*	37.2 - 33.9 Ma Paleogene

Fossil Localities

Click to show 6 fossil localities

India

Ladakh
- Paleogene🐚 800 m north of Liyan Gompa
- Permian🐚 Chumik Marpo LZ43
- Permian🐚 Chumik Marpo section
- Permian🐚 Chumik Marpo ZB2
- Late/Upper Cretaceous🐚 Sumdo
- Late/Upper Triassic🐚 Zozar Fm

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leh_district
Wikidata ID:	Q1921210
GeoNames ID:	7909879

Localities in this Region

India

Ladakh
- Leh District

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Asia

HimalayasMountain Range
Hindukush Himalayan RegionGroup of Mountain Ranges

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

Quick NavTop Mineral List Rock Types Fossils Other Databases Localities in Region Other Regions

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 3, 2024 00:41:31 Page updated: April 2, 2023 00:57:13

Go to top of page

Leh District, Ladakh, IndiaiRegional Level TypesLeh DistrictDistrict LadakhUnion Territory IndiaCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

Select Mineral List Type

Mineral List

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Detailed Mineral List:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Fossils

Other Databases

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Leh District, Ladakh, India i
Regional Level Types
Leh District District
Ladakh Union Territory
India Country