Parabutlerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Parabutlerite
Formula:
Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Colour:
Pale orange to pale orange-brown; light yellow in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.55
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in 1938 by Mark Chance Bandy for its resemblance to Butlerite.
Co-Type Localities:
Polymorph of:
This page provides mineralogical data about Parabutlerite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3081
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3081:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
f8b044a0-ecea-453d-940d-66d9307aab0b
IMA Classification of Parabutlerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1938
Classification of Parabutlerite
7.DC.10
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
31.9.2.1
31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)(XO4)Zq·xH2O
31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)(XO4)Zq·xH2O
25.10.16
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Pbtl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Parabutlerite
Vitreous
Colour:
Pale orange to pale orange-brown; light yellow in transmitted light.
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
On {110}, poor.
On {110}, poor.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.55 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Parabutlerite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.598 nβ = 1.663 nγ = 1.737
2V:
Measured: 87° , Calculated: 90°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.139
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v weak
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Alcaparrosa material:
X = b = Light yellow
Y = c = Greenish yellow
Z = a = Brownish yellow
Argentinian material:
X = b = Colourless
Y = c = Faint yellow
Z = a = Light yellow
X = b = Light yellow
Y = c = Greenish yellow
Z = a = Brownish yellow
Argentinian material:
X = b = Colourless
Y = c = Faint yellow
Z = a = Light yellow
Comments:
NOTE: 2V value for Argentinian material = 43°30'.
Chemistry of Parabutlerite
Mindat Formula:
Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Parabutlerite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 20.0789(8) Å, b = 7.4024(7) Å, c = 7.2294(15) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.712 : 1 : 0.977
Unit Cell V:
1,074.52 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals prismatic [001]. The prism zone is striated [001].
Twinning:
On {142}, rare.
Comment:
Space group Pnma(0β0)s0s; the structure is commensurately modulated, with a = 20.0789 (8), b = 7.4024 (7), c = 7.2294 (15) Å and q = 0.4b* (Plášil et al., 2017).
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012131 | Parabutlerite | Borene J (1970) Structure cristalline de la parabutlerite Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Mineralogie et de Cristallographie 93 185-189 | 1970 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Epitaxial Relationships of Parabutlerite
Epitaxial Minerals:
| Butlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O |
Epitaxy Comments:
Intergrowths, with {011} of parabutlerite nearly parallel to {001} and {100} of butlerite.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.99 Å | (very very strong) |
| 3.11 Å | (very very strong) |
| 5.83 Å | (strong) |
| 3.60 Å | (moderately strong) |
| 2.499 Å | (moderately strong) |
| 4.07 Å | (moderate) |
Comments:
Alcaparrosa, Chile. The data are from Cesbron
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Parabutlerite
Co-Type Localities:
Reference:
Bandy, M.C. (1938) Mineralogy of three sulphate deposits of Northern Chile. American Mineralogist: 23: 669-760 (742-745).
Other Language Names for Parabutlerite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 18 photos of Parabutlerite associated with Botryogen | MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 14 photos of Parabutlerite associated with Copiapite | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| 9 photos of Parabutlerite associated with Butlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O |
| 6 photos of Parabutlerite associated with Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 2 photos of Parabutlerite associated with Voltaite | K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 2 photos of Parabutlerite associated with Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 2 photos of Parabutlerite associated with Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 1 photo of Parabutlerite associated with Ferricopiapite | Fe3+0.67Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| 1 photo of Parabutlerite associated with Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 |
| 1 photo of Parabutlerite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DC.05 | Aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.05 | Meta-aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 7.DC.10 | Butlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DC.15 | Fibroferrite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O |
| 7.DC.20 | Xitieshanite | Fe3+(SO4)Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DC.25 | Botryogen | MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.25 | Zincobotryogen | (Zn,Mg,Mn2+)Fe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.30 | Chaidamuite | ZnFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 7.DC.30 | Guildite | CuFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 7.DC.40 | Pauladamsite | Cu4(SeO3)(SO4)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 7.DC.45 | Riotintoite | Al(SO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 7.DC.50 | Thorneite | Pb6(Te6+2O10)(CO3)Cl2(H2O) |
| 7.DC.55 | Vendidaite | Al2(SO4)(OH)3Cl · 6H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Insoluble in cold or hot water; soluble in dilute acids.
Observed as pseudomorphs after copiapite.
Observed as pseudomorphs after copiapite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Parabutlerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3081.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Parabutlerite
Reference List:
Bandy, Mark C. (1938) Mineralogy of three sulphate deposits of northern Chile. American Mineralogist, 23 (11) 669-760 pp.742-745
Cesbron, Fabien (1964) Contribution à la Minéralogie des sulfates de fer hydratés. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 87 (2) 125-143 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1964.5721
Borène, Jacques (1970) Structure cristalline de la parabutlérite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 93 (2) 185-189 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1970.6452
Localities for Parabutlerite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Gablina et al. (2018) |
Canada | |
| Norman Wilson collection |
Chile | |
| XRD by Joachim Lorenz |
| SEM-EDS and XRD by Igor V. Pekov | |
| XRD by Joachim Lorenz | |
| Kampf +6 other references |
| Bandy (1938) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| |
| Peter G. Seroka collection |
China | |
| Xu Ying-xia et al. (2006) |
Cyprus | |
| ... |
Greece | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
Hungary | |
| ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII. |
| ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII. |
Iran | |
| Bariand et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Garcia (1996) |
USA | |
| www.mineralsocal.org |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Rosenzweig et al. (1955) | |
Mars | |
| Lane et al. (2008) |
Quick NavTopAbout ParabutleriteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureEpitaxial Relationships X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Alcaparrosa Mine, Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile