Gmelinite-K
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Gmelinite-K
Formula:
K4(Si8Al4O24) · 11H2O
Colour:
Colorless to brownish
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
2.00
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after the German mineralogist and chemist, Christian Gottlob Gmelin (1792-1860) of Tübingen, Germany. The suffix indicates the dominant extra-framework cation. In 1997, the name gmelinite (without suffix) was promoted from species to series and gmelinite-K was defined as one of several species.
This page provides mineralogical data about Gmelinite-K.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6972
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6972:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
6a036a68-9235-4101-81a2-4612a315ed11
IMA Classification of Gmelinite-K
Approved
IMA Formula:
K4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O
Type description reference:
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, Nickel, Ernest H., Passaglia, Elio, Peacor, Donald R., Quartieri, Simona, Rinaldi, Romano, Ross, Malcolm I., Sheppard, Richard A., Tillmanns, Ekkehart, Vezzalini, Giovanna (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6) 1571-1606
Classification of Gmelinite-K
9.GD.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Gme-K | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Gme | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Physical Properties of Gmelinite-K
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colorless to brownish
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN30=258 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.00 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.04 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gmelinite-K
Type:
Uniaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nα = 1.472 nβ = 1.477
Max Birefringence:
δ = 1.472
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Gmelinite-K
Mindat Formula:
K4(Si8Al4O24) · 11H2O
Crystallography of Gmelinite-K
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mmc
Setting:
P63/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.621(3) Å, c = 10.254(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.753
Unit Cell V:
1,647.56 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
{100}, {101} and {001}.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0015872 | Gmelinite-K | Sacerdoti M, Passaglia E, Carnevali R (1995) Structural refinements of Na-, K-, and Ca-exchanged gmelinites Zeolites 15 276-281 | 1995 | Queensland, Australia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
11.9 Å | (80) |
5.16 Å | (70) |
4.11 Å | (100) |
3.27 Å | (70) |
2.971 Å | (80) |
2.852 Å | (80) |
2.719 Å | (100) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
16 : Low-𝑇 aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23) | |
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) |
Type Occurrence of Gmelinite-K
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Granular and radial aggregates of columnar to acicular crystals up to 0.1 x 3 mm (Russia).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Found in cavities within brecciated pegmatite (Russia).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Coombs, D. S., Alberti, A., Armbruster, T., Artioli, G., Colella, C., Galli, E., Grice, J. D., Liebau, F., Mandarino, J. A., Minato, H., Nickel, E. H., Passaglia, E., Peacor, D. R., Quartieri, S., Rinaldi, R., Ross. M., Sheppard, R. A., Tillmanns, E., Vezzalini, G. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist 35, 1571-1606
Synonyms of Gmelinite-K
Other Language Names for Gmelinite-K
Russian:Гмелинит-K
Simplified Chinese:钾菱沸石
Relationship of Gmelinite-K to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Gmelinite-Ca | Ca2(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
23 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
13 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
6 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Ussingite | Na2AlSi3O8OH |
5 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
4 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
3 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) |
3 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Vuonnemite | Na11Ti4+Nb2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O3(F,OH) |
2 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Umbozerite | Na3Sr4Th[Si(O,OH)3-4]8 |
2 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Belovite-(Ce) | NaCeSr3(PO4)3F |
1 photo of Gmelinite-K associated with Neotocite | (Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-Ca | Ca2(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
9.GD.10 | Willhendersonite | KCa[Al3Si3O12] · 5H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Sr | Sr2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Mg | (Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)[Al3Si9O24] · 10H2O |
9.GD.15 | Lévyne-Ca | (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O |
9.GD.15 | Lévyne-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O |
9.GD.20 | Bellbergite | (K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4[Al3Si3O12]6 · 30H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.25 | Offretite | KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O |
9.GD.25 | Wenkite | (Ba,K)4(Ca,Na)6[(Si,Al)20O39(OH)2](SO4)3 · 0.5H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Ca | (Ca,Na2,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Mg | (Mg,Na2,Ca)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Na | (Na2,Ca,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.35 | Maricopaite | Pb7Ca2(Si,Al)48O100 · 32H2O |
9.GD.35 | Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-K | K4(Si20Al4O48) · 13H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-Ca | (Ca,Na2,K2)5Al10Si38O96 · 25H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)5Al10Si38O96 · 25H2O |
9.GD.45 | Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-K | (K,Na)5(Si31Al5)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-Mg | [Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-Na | (Na,K)5(Si31Al5)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-NH4 | (NH4,Mg0.5)5(Al5Si31O72) · 22H2O |
9.GD.55 | Bikitaite | LiAlSi2O6 · H2O |
Fluorescence of Gmelinite-K
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Gmelinite-K
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6972.html
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References for Gmelinite-K
Reference List:
Sacerdoti, M., Passaglia, E., Carnevali, R. (1995) Structural refinements of Na-, K-, and Ca-exchanged gmelinites. Zeolites, 15 (3) 276-281 doi:10.1016/0144-2449(94)00024-m
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, Nickel, Ernest H., Passaglia, Elio, Peacor, Donald R., Quartieri, Simona, Rinaldi, Romano, Ross, Malcolm I., Sheppard, Richard A., Tillmanns, Ekkehart, Vezzalini, Giovanna (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6) 1571-1606
Localities for Gmelinite-K
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš et al. (2021) |
Italy | |
| Neues Jahrb. Mineral. +1 other reference |
Rivista Mineralogica Italiana vol.17 fasc.2 1994 pp. 131-136 Studi e Ricerche-Associazione Amici del Museo - Museo Civico "G. Zannato" Montecchio Maggiore (VI) | |
Boscardin M. et al. (2011) | |
Russia (TL) | |
| Pekov (2000) +3 other references |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Tony Nikischer +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Zeolite collection of Volker Betz |
Collection of Volker Betz |
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Jedlka, Malá Veleň, Děčín District, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic