Willhendersonite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Willhendersonite
Formula:
KCa[Al3Si3O12] · 5H2O
Colour:
Colorless, white
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
2.10 - 2.18
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1984 by Donald R. Peacor, P. J. Dunn, William B. Simmons, E. Tillmans, and R. X. Fischer in honor of William "Bill" A. Henderson Jr. [October 5, 1932 Winthrop, Massachusetts, USA - April 20, 2014 Guilford, Connecticut, USA], chemist with American Cyanamid Company of Stamford, Connecticut (USA). In late 1980, Dr. William A. Henderson, Jr. submitted a specimen to P.J.D. that he had obtained several years earlier from Mr. Gianni Porcellini of Rimini, Italy. Bill was an avid life-long mineral collector and columnist for the Mineralogical Record. He was elected as a member of the Micromounters Hall of Fame in 1997.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4294
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4294:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
6e99d892-d10f-48ac-9e09-a7e12ec617f4
IMA Classification of Willhendersonite
Approved
IMA Formula:
KCa(Si3Al3)O12 · 5H2O
First published:
1984
Classification of Willhendersonite
9.GD.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
77.1.2.3
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
16.10.13
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
10 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and alkalis
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
10 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and alkalis
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Whd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Willhendersonite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colorless, white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{100} {010} {001}
{100} {010} {001}
Density:
2.10 - 2.18 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.20 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Willhendersonite
Type:
Biaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nα = 1.505(3) nβ = 1.511(3) nγ = 1.517(3)
2V:
Measured: 87° (3), Calculated: 88°
Birefringence:
0.012
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
strong
Chemistry of Willhendersonite
Mindat Formula:
KCa[Al3Si3O12] · 5H2O
Common Impurities:
Na
Crystallography of Willhendersonite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.206(2) Å, b = 9.216(2) Å, c = 9.500(4) Å
α = 92.34(3)°, β = 92.70(3)°, γ = 90.12(3)°
α = 92.34(3)°, β = 92.70(3)°, γ = 90.12(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.999 : 1 : 1.031
Unit Cell V:
808 ų
Z:
2
Twinning:
Complex, by rotation about [111]; reflection across (001); by rotation about [110] or reflection across (110)
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0004627 | Willhendersonite | Fischer R X, Kahlenberg V, Lengauer C L, Tillmanns E (2008) Thermal behavior and structural transformation in the chabazite-type zeolite willhendersonite, KCaAl3Si3O12*5H2O American Mineralogist 93 1317-1325 | 2008 | Mayen, Eifel district, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
0004628 | Willhendersonite | Fischer R X, Kahlenberg V, Lengauer C L, Tillmanns E (2008) Thermal behavior and structural transformation in the chabazite-type zeolite willhendersonite, KCaAl3Si3O12*5H2O American Mineralogist 93 1317-1325 | 2008 | Mayen, Eifel district, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
0004629 | Willhendersonite | Fischer R X, Kahlenberg V, Lengauer C L, Tillmanns E (2008) Thermal behavior and structural transformation in the chabazite-type zeolite willhendersonite, KCaAl3Si3O12*5H2O American Mineralogist 93 1317-1325 | 2008 | Mayen, Eifel district, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
0014793 | Willhendersonite | Tillmanns E, Fischer R X, Baur W H (1984) Chabazite-type framework in the new zeolite willhendersonite, KCaAl3Si3O12*5H2O Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1984 547-558 | 1984 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.16 Å | (100) |
5.18 Å | (30) |
4.09 Å | (40) |
3.93 Å | (20) |
3.71 Å | (30) |
2.804 Å | (50) |
2.907 Å | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals |
Type Occurrence of Willhendersonite
General Appearance of Type Material:
"Trellis-like" twinned aggregates, and as tabular crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Smithsonian Institution - NMNH 148655 (holotype) and NMNH148656 (cotype)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Quaternary basic potassic lavas.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Peacor, D.R., Dunn P.J., Simmons W.B., Tillmanns, E., Fischer, R.X. (1984) Willhendersonite, a new zeolite isostructural with chabazite. American Mineralogist 69: 186-189.
Other Language Names for Willhendersonite
Relationship of Willhendersonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Alflarsenite | NaCa2Be3Si4O13(OH) · 2H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Amicite | K2Na2Al4Si4O16 · 5H2O | Mon. 2 |
Ammonioleucite | (NH4)(AlSi2O6) | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Bellbergite | (K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4[Al3Si3O12]6 · 30H2O | Hex. |
Bikitaite | LiAlSi2O6 · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Boggsite | Ca8Na3(Si,Al)96O192 · 70H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma |
Brewsterite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Chabazite-Levyne Subgroup | M[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O | |
Chiavennite | CaMnBe2Si5O13(OH)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Clinoptilolite Subgroup | M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O | |
Cowlesite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Dachiardite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Direnzoite | NaK6MgCa2(Al13Si47O120) · 36H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn |
Edingtonite | Ba[Al2Si3O10] · 4H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O | Mon. |
Erionite Subgroup | M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O | |
Faujasite Subgroup | M3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O | |
Ferrierite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Ferrochiavennite | Ca1-2Fe[(Si,Al,Be)5Be2O13(OH)2] · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Flörkeite | (K3Ca2Na)[Al8Si8O32] · 12H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Garronite Subgroup | ||
Gaultite | Na4Zn2Si7O18 · 5H2O | Orth. mm2 : Fdd2 |
Gismondine Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Gmelinite Subgroup | In 1997, gmelinite was split into Gmelinite-Ca, Gmelinite-Na and Gmelinite-K. | |
Gobbinsite | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Goosecreekite | Ca[Al2Si6O16] · 5H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Gottardiite | Na3Mg3Ca5Al19Si117O272 · 93H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca |
Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O | |
Hsianghualite | Ca3Li2(Be3Si3O12)F2 | Iso. 4 3 2 : I41 3 2 |
Kirchhoffite | Cs(BSi2O6) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Loomisite | Ba[Be2P2O8] · H2O | Mon. m |
Lovdarite | K2Na6Be4Si14O36 · 9H2O | Orth. mm2 |
Maricopaite | Pb7Ca2(Si,Al)48O100 · 32H2O | Orth. |
Martinandresite | Ba2(Al4Si12O32) · 10H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn |
Mazzite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Merlinoite | (K,Na)5(Ca,Ba)2Al9Si23O64 · 23H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Immm |
Montesommaite | (K,Na)9Al9Si23O64 · 10H2O | Orth. mm2 : Fdd2 |
Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O | Orth. |
Mutinaite | Na3Ca4Si85Al11O192 · 60H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Nabesite | Na2BeSi4O10 · 4H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Natrolite Subgroup | A subgroup of the Zeolite Group. | |
Offretite | KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O | Hex. 6 m2 : P6m2 |
Pahasapaite | Li8(Ca,Li,K)10.5Be24(PO4)24 · 38H2O | Iso. 2 3 : I2 3 |
Parthéite | Ca2(Si4Al4) O15 (OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Paulingite Subgroup | Paulingite was originally described in 1960. | |
Perlialite | K9Na(Ca,Sr)[Al2Si4O12]6 · 15H2O | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
Phillipsite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Roggianite | Ca2Be(OH)2Al2Si4O13 · 2.5H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mcm |
Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O | |
Terranovaite | (Na,Ca)8(Si68Al12)O160 · 29H2O | Orth. |
Thomsonite Subgroup | The large majority of "thomsonite" is thomsonite-Ca. | |
Tschernichite | (Ca,Na2)[Al2Si4O12] · 4-8H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm |
Tschörtnerite | Ca4(Ca,Sr,K,Ba)3Cu3[Al3Si3O12]4(OH)8 · nH2O | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
UM1996-38-SiO:AlCaHNa | Na-Ca-Al-Si-O-H | |
UM1999-33-SiO:AlHKNa | K7Na5Al12Si20O64 · 24H2O | |
UM2002-40-SiO:AlCaHKMgNa | (Mg,Ca,Na,K)7.5(Al12.8Si51.2)O128 · 65H2O | Tet. 4 2 2 : P41 2 2 |
Unnamed (Ca analogue of Merlinoite) | (Ca,K,Na)5(Ca,Ba)2Al9Si23O64 · 23H2O ? | |
Wairakite | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Weinebeneite | CaBe3(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
Wenkite | (Ba,K)4(Ca,Na)6[(Si,Al)20O39(OH)2](SO4)3 · 0.5H2O | Hex. 6 m2 : P62m |
Yugawaralite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 4H2O | Mon. m : Pb |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
12 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
10 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
7 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Flörkeite | (K3Ca2Na)[Al8Si8O32] · 12H2O |
7 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
7 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
7 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Phillipsite-Ca | Ca3(Si10Al6)O32 · 12H2O |
5 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
5 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Phillipsite Subgroup | |
4 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Clinopyroxene Subgroup | |
4 photos of Willhendersonite associated with Gismondine Subgroup |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-Ca | Ca2(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O |
9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-K | K4(Si8Al4O24) · 11H2O |
9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Sr | Sr2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Mg | (Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)[Al3Si9O24] · 10H2O |
9.GD.15 | Lévyne-Ca | (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O |
9.GD.15 | Lévyne-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O |
9.GD.20 | Bellbergite | (K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4[Al3Si3O12]6 · 30H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.25 | Offretite | KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O |
9.GD.25 | Wenkite | (Ba,K)4(Ca,Na)6[(Si,Al)20O39(OH)2](SO4)3 · 0.5H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Ca | (Ca,Na2,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Mg | (Mg,Na2,Ca)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Na | (Na2,Ca,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.35 | Maricopaite | Pb7Ca2(Si,Al)48O100 · 32H2O |
9.GD.35 | Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-K | K4(Si20Al4O48) · 13H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-Ca | (Ca,Na2,K2)5Al10Si38O96 · 25H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)5Al10Si38O96 · 25H2O |
9.GD.45 | Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-K | (K,Na)5(Si31Al5)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-Mg | [Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-Na | (Na,K)5(Si31Al5)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-NH4 | (NH4,Mg0.5)5(Al5Si31O72) · 22H2O |
9.GD.55 | Bikitaite | LiAlSi2O6 · H2O |
Fluorescence of Willhendersonite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Willhendersonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4294.html
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References for Willhendersonite
Reference List:
Tillmanns, E., Fischer, R. (1981) Crystal structure of a new zeolite mineral. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 37. 186 doi:10.1107/s0108767381094002
Peacor, Donald R., Dunn, Pete J., Simmons, William B., Tillmanns, Ekkehart, Fischer, Reinhard X. (1984) Willhendersonite, a new zeolite isostructural with chabazite. American Mineralogist, 69 (1-2) 186-189
Sieber, N. H. W., Fischer, R. X., Tillmanns, E. (1987) Displacive transitions in willhendersonite, a zeolite with a flexible chabazite-type framework. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 43. doi:10.1107/s0108767387083107
Vezzalini, Giovanna, Quartieri, Simona, Galli, Ermanno (1997) Occurrence and Crystal Structure of a Ca-Pure Willhendersonite. Zeolites, 19 (1) 75-79 doi:10.1016/s0144-2449(97)00051-1
Fischer, R.X., Kahlenberg, V., Lengauer, C.L., Tillmanns, E. (2008) Thermal behavior and structural transformation in the chabazite-type zeolite willhendersonite, KCaAl3Si3O12 · 5H2O. American Mineralogist, 93 (8) 1317-1325 doi:10.2138/am.2008.2745
Localities for Willhendersonite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Walter (1984) +3 other references |
Germany | |
| Peacor et al. (1984) |
in the collection of Christof Schäfer | |
| Hentschel (1983) +1 other reference |
in the collection of Christof Schäfer | |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
| Blaß et al. (1993) |
| Blaß et al. (2012) |
| Hentschel (1993) |
| Personally collected by Günter Frenz |
Italy | |
| |
| Wheeler et al. (1996) +2 other references |
| Peacor et al. (1984) +4 other references |
| Mattioli et al. (2016) |
Mattioli et al. (2021) | |
| Mattioli et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
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Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany